DR. JAMES KLEIST M.D.
Prescription History 1982139986
Hospitalist in Green Bay, WI

NPI Status: Active since April 27, 2017

Contact Information

2845 GREENBRIER RD
GREEN BAY, WI
ZIP 54311
Phone: (920) 288-8000

Get Directions

Prescription History for Informed Healthcare Decisions

Explore the verified Medicare Part D prescription history, volume metrics, and calculated drug costs for DR. JAMES KLEIST M.D., an active Hospitalist specialist practicing in Green Bay, WI. Our medical registry currently tracks 15 unique pharmaceutical formulations prescribed by this provider, representing an estimated volume of 254 documented patient claims. Among these therapy options, the most frequently utilized medication is Eliquis, which accounts for 33 claims alone.


Amiodarone Hcl

Generic Formulation: Amiodarone HclSpecialty: Hospitalist
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 11
30-Day Fills 11.0
Days Supply 271
WI State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims41.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills86.2
Peer Average Days Supply2,516
Highly Conservative Utilization

This provider demonstrates a highly selective approach to this formula, recording 73.2% less volume than the regional standard for practitioners inside WI. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $168.78 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$15.34

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$28.20

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Therapeutic Applications

This medication is used to treat certain types of serious (possibly fatal) irregular heartbeat (such as recurrent ventricular fibrillation/tachycardia). It is used to restore normal heart rhythm and maintain a regular, steady heartbeat. Amiodarone is known as an anti-arrhythmic drug. It works by blocking certain electrical signals in the heart that can cause an irregular heartbeat.

Amlodipine Besylate

Generic Formulation: Amlodipine BesylateSpecialty: Hospitalist
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 20
30-Day Fills 20.0
Days Supply 519
WI State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims132.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills322.4
Peer Average Days Supply9,573
Highly Conservative Utilization

This provider demonstrates a highly selective approach to this formula, recording 84.8% less volume than the regional standard for practitioners inside WI. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $139.87 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$6.99

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$7.97

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

A long-acting dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker. It is effective in the treatment of ANGINA PECTORIS and HYPERTENSION.

Therapeutic Applications

Amlodipine is used with or without other medications to treat high blood pressure. Lowering high blood pressure helps prevent strokes, heart attacks, and kidney problems. Amlodipine belongs to a class of drugs known as calcium channel blockers. It works by relaxing blood vessels so blood can flow more easily. Amlodipine is also used to prevent certain types of chest pain (angina). It may help to increase your ability to exercise and decrease the frequency of angina attacks. It should not be used to treat attacks of chest pain when they occur. Use other medications (such as sublingual nitroglycerin) to relieve attacks of chest pain as directed by your doctor.

Atorvastatin Calcium

Generic Formulation: Atorvastatin CalciumSpecialty: Hospitalist
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 17
30-Day Fills 17.0
Days Supply 451
WI State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims196.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills491.2
Peer Average Days Supply14,607
Highly Conservative Utilization

This provider demonstrates a highly selective approach to this formula, recording 91.3% less volume than the regional standard for practitioners inside WI. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $182.90 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$10.76

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$12.91

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

A pyrrole and heptanoic acid derivative, HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL-COA REDUCTASE INHIBITOR (statin), and ANTICHOLESTEREMIC AGENT that is used to reduce serum levels of LDL-CHOLESTEROL; APOLIPOPROTEIN B; and TRIGLYCERIDES. It is used to increase serum levels of HDL-CHOLESTEROL in the treatment of HYPERLIPIDEMIAS, and for the prevention of CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES in patients with multiple risk factors.

Therapeutic Applications

Atorvastatin is used along with a proper diet to help lower bad cholesterol and fats (such as LDL, triglycerides) and raise good cholesterol (HDL) in the blood. It belongs to a group of drugs known as statins. It works by reducing the amount of cholesterol made by the liver. Lowering bad cholesterol and triglycerides and raising good cholesterol decreases the risk of heart disease and helps prevent strokes and heart attacks. In addition to eating a proper diet (such as a low-cholesterol/low-fat diet), other lifestyle changes that may help this medication work better include exercising, losing weight if overweight, and stopping smoking. Consult your doctor for more details.

Doxycycline Hyclate

Generic Formulation: Doxycycline HyclateSpecialty: Hospitalist
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 15
30-Day Fills 15.0
Days Supply 89
WI State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims22.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills25.5
Peer Average Days Supply407
Conservative Utilization

This provider writes prescriptions for this formulation 31.8% less frequently than the standard regional baseline metric for practitioners inside WI. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $310.18 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$20.68

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$25.91

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

A synthetic tetracycline derivative with similar antimicrobial activity.

Therapeutic Applications

This medication is used to treat a wide variety of bacterial infections, including those that cause acne. This medication is also used to prevent malaria. This medication is known as a tetracycline antibiotic. It works by stopping the growth of bacteria. This antibiotic treats only bacterial infections. It will not work for viral infections (such as common cold, flu). Using any antibiotic when it is not needed can cause it to not work for future infections.

Eliquis

Generic Formulation: ApixabanSpecialty: Hospitalist
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 33
30-Day Fills 33.0
Days Supply 511
WI State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims73.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills119.9
Peer Average Days Supply3,406
Highly Conservative Utilization

This provider demonstrates a highly selective approach to this formula, recording 54.8% less volume than the regional standard for practitioners inside WI. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $10,275.81 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$311.39

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$842.07

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Therapeutic Applications

Apixaban is used to prevent serious blood clots from forming due to a certain irregular heartbeat (atrial fibrillation) or after hip/knee replacement surgery. With atrial fibrillation, part of the heart does not beat the way it should. This can lead to blood clots forming, which can travel to other parts of your body (such as the lungs or legs) or increase your risk for stroke. In the United States, apixaban is also approved to treat certain types of blood clots (deep vein thrombosis-DVT, pulmonary embolus-PE) and to prevent them from forming again. Apixaban is an anticoagulant that works by blocking certain clotting proteins in your blood.

Famotidine

Generic Formulation: FamotidineSpecialty: Hospitalist
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 17
30-Day Fills 17.0
Days Supply 510
WI State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims22.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills22.5
Peer Average Days Supply156
Standard Average Utilization

This provider's prescribing patterns for this therapeutic formulation sit directly in line with standard baseline averages across WI. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $206.00 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$12.12

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$12.11

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

A competitive histamine H2-receptor antagonist. Its main pharmacodynamic effect is the inhibition of gastric secretion.

Therapeutic Applications

Famotidine is used to treat ulcers of the stomach and intestines and to prevent intestinal ulcers from coming back after they have healed. This medication is also used to treat certain stomach and throat (esophagus) problems (such as erosive esophagitis, gastroesophageal reflux disease-GERD, Zollinger-Ellison syndrome). It works by decreasing the amount of acid your stomach makes. It relieves symptoms such as cough that doesn't go away, stomach pain, heartburn, and difficulty swallowing. Famotidine belongs to a class of drugs known as H2 blockers. This medication is also available without a prescription. It is used to prevent and treat heartburn and other symptoms caused by too much acid in the stomach (acid indigestion). If you are taking this medication for self-treatment, it is important to read the manufacturer's package instructions carefully so you know when to consult your doctor or pharmacist.

Gabapentin

Generic Formulation: GabapentinSpecialty: Hospitalist
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 14
30-Day Fills 14.0
Days Supply 325
WI State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims84.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills138.8
Peer Average Days Supply4,044
Highly Conservative Utilization

This provider demonstrates a highly selective approach to this formula, recording 83.3% less volume than the regional standard for practitioners inside WI. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $262.70 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$18.76

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$24.37

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

A cyclohexane-gamma-aminobutyric acid derivative that is used for the treatment of PARTIAL SEIZURES; NEURALGIA; and RESTLESS LEGS SYNDROME.

Therapeutic Applications

Gabapentin is used with other medications to prevent and control seizures. It is also used to relieve nerve pain following shingles (a painful rash due to herpes zoster infection) in adults. Gabapentin is known as an anticonvulsant or antiepileptic drug.

Metoprolol Succinate

Generic Formulation: Metoprolol SuccinateSpecialty: Hospitalist
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 18
30-Day Fills 20.0
Days Supply 528
WI State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims110.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills266.5
Peer Average Days Supply7,910
Highly Conservative Utilization

This provider demonstrates a highly selective approach to this formula, recording 83.6% less volume than the regional standard for practitioners inside WI. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $231.33 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$12.85

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$21.14

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

A selective adrenergic beta-1 blocking agent that is commonly used to treat ANGINA PECTORIS; HYPERTENSION; and CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS.

Therapeutic Applications

This medication is a beta-blocker used to treat chest pain (angina), heart failure, and high blood pressure. Lowering high blood pressure helps prevent strokes, heart attacks, and kidney problems. This drug works by blocking the action of certain natural chemicals in your body (such as epinephrine) that affect the heart and blood vessels. This lowers heart rate, blood pressure, and strain on the heart.

Mexiletine Hcl

Generic Formulation: Mexiletine HclSpecialty: Hospitalist
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 11
30-Day Fills 11.0
Days Supply 271
WI State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims25.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills46.7
Peer Average Days Supply1,371
Highly Conservative Utilization

This provider demonstrates a highly selective approach to this formula, recording 56.0% less volume than the regional standard for practitioners inside WI. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $1,694.15 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$154.01

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$166.53

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Therapeutic Applications

This medication is used to treat certain types of serious (possibly fatal) irregular heartbeat (such as sustained ventricular tachycardia). It is used to restore normal heart rhythm and maintain a regular, steady heartbeat. Mexiletine is known as an anti-arrhythmic drug. It works by blocking certain electrical signals in the heart that can cause an irregular heartbeat. Treating an irregular heartbeat can decrease the risk for blood clots, and this effect can reduce your risk of heart attack or stroke.

Pantoprazole Sodium

Generic Formulation: Pantoprazole SodiumSpecialty: Hospitalist
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 15
30-Day Fills 15.0
Days Supply 429
WI State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims71.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills151.0
Peer Average Days Supply4,451
Highly Conservative Utilization

This provider demonstrates a highly selective approach to this formula, recording 78.9% less volume than the regional standard for practitioners inside WI. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $154.80 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$10.32

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$18.95

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

2-pyridinylmethylsulfinylbenzimidazole proton pump inhibitor that is used in the treatment of GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX and PEPTIC ULCER.

Therapeutic Applications

Pantoprazole is used to treat certain stomach and esophagus problems (such as acid reflux). It works by decreasing the amount of acid your stomach makes. This medication relieves symptoms such as heartburn, difficulty swallowing, and cough. It helps heal acid damage to the stomach and esophagus, helps prevent ulcers, and may help prevent cancer of the esophagus. Pantoprazole belongs to a class of drugs known as proton pump inhibitors (PPIs).

Potassium Chloride

Generic Formulation: Potassium ChlorideSpecialty: Hospitalist
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 14
30-Day Fills 14.0
Days Supply 264
WI State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims64.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills124.6
Peer Average Days Supply3,611
Highly Conservative Utilization

This provider demonstrates a highly selective approach to this formula, recording 78.1% less volume than the regional standard for practitioners inside WI. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $110.31 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$7.88

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$33.91

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

A white crystal or crystalline powder used in BUFFERS; FERTILIZERS; and EXPLOSIVES. It can be used to replenish ELECTROLYTES and restore WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE in treating HYPOKALEMIA.

Therapeutic Applications

This medication is a mineral supplement used to treat or prevent low amounts of potassium in the blood. A normal level of potassium in the blood is important. Potassium helps your cells, kidneys, heart, muscles, and nerves work properly. Most people get enough potassium by eating a well-balanced diet. Some conditions that can lower your body's potassium level include severe prolonged diarrhea and vomiting, hormone problems such as hyperaldosteronism, or treatment with water pills/diuretics.

Prednisone

Generic Formulation: PrednisoneSpecialty: Hospitalist
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 16
30-Day Fills 16.0
Days Supply 97
WI State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims41.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills53.7
Peer Average Days Supply1,056
Highly Conservative Utilization

This provider demonstrates a highly selective approach to this formula, recording 61.0% less volume than the regional standard for practitioners inside WI. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $50.01 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$3.13

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$7.04

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

A synthetic anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid derived from CORTISONE. It is biologically inert and converted to PREDNISOLONE in the liver.

Therapeutic Applications

Prednisone is used to treat conditions such as arthritis, blood disorders, breathing problems, severe allergies, skin diseases, cancer, eye problems, and immune system disorders. Prednisone belongs to a class of drugs known as corticosteroids. It decreases your immune system's response to various diseases to reduce symptoms such as swelling and allergic-type reactions.

Rosuvastatin Calcium

Generic Formulation: Rosuvastatin CalciumSpecialty: Hospitalist
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 18
30-Day Fills 18.0
Days Supply 513
WI State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims77.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills203.5
Peer Average Days Supply6,076
Highly Conservative Utilization

This provider demonstrates a highly selective approach to this formula, recording 76.6% less volume than the regional standard for practitioners inside WI. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $304.17 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$16.90

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$23.22

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

A HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL-COA-REDUCTASE INHIBITOR, or statin, that reduces the plasma concentrations of LDL-CHOLESTEROL; APOLIPOPROTEIN B, and TRIGLYCERIDES while increasing HDL-CHOLESTEROL levels in patients with HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA and those at risk for CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES.

Therapeutic Applications

Rosuvastatin is used along with a proper diet to help lower bad cholesterol and fats (such as LDL, triglycerides) and raise good cholesterol (HDL) in the blood. It belongs to a group of drugs known as statins. It works by reducing the amount of cholesterol made by the liver. Lowering bad cholesterol and triglycerides and raising good cholesterol decreases the risk of heart disease and helps to prevent strokes and heart attacks. In addition to eating a proper diet (such as a low cholesterol/low-fat diet), other lifestyle changes that may help this medication work better include exercising, losing weight if overweight, and stopping smoking. Talk with your doctor for more details.

Sertraline Hcl

Generic Formulation: Sertraline HclSpecialty: Hospitalist
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 23
30-Day Fills 23.0
Days Supply 638
WI State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims72.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills134.6
Peer Average Days Supply3,919
Highly Conservative Utilization

This provider demonstrates a highly selective approach to this formula, recording 68.1% less volume than the regional standard for practitioners inside WI. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $263.69 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$11.46

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$12.83

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Therapeutic Applications

Sertraline is used to treat depression, panic attacks, obsessive compulsive disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, social anxiety disorder (social phobia), and a severe form of premenstrual syndrome (premenstrual dysphoric disorder). This medication may improve your mood, sleep, appetite, and energy level and may help restore your interest in daily living. It may decrease fear, anxiety, unwanted thoughts, and the number of panic attacks. It may also reduce the urge to perform repeated tasks (compulsions such as hand-washing, counting, and checking) that interfere with daily living. Sertraline is known as a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI). It works by helping to restore the balance of a certain natural substance (serotonin) in the brain.

Verapamil Er

Generic Formulation: Verapamil HclSpecialty: Hospitalist
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 12
30-Day Fills 12.0
Days Supply 360
WI State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims18.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills43.4
Peer Average Days Supply1,288
Conservative Utilization

This provider writes prescriptions for this formulation 33.3% less frequently than the standard regional baseline metric for practitioners inside WI. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $350.36 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$29.20

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$39.11

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Therapeutic Applications

Verapamil is used to treat high blood pressure. Lowering high blood pressure helps prevent strokes, heart attacks, and kidney problems. Verapamil belongs to a class of drugs known as calcium channel blockers. It works by relaxing blood vessels so blood can flow more easily. Verapamil may also lower your heart rate.

Dataset Methodology & CMS Source Information

This analytical profile maps public infrastructure records sourced directly from official **Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS)** public data releases. The statistics above track documented pharmaceutical treatment trends assigned to beneficiaries specifically under federal public programs. Evaluating the prescriptive footprints of clinical practitioners like DR. JAMES KLEIST M.D. provides transparency into local medical care patterns within Green Bay, WI.

Key Learning Objectives for this Profile:

  • Prescribing Frequencies: Track and evaluate the volume metrics of specific brand-name and generic medical formulas chosen by this provider over time.
  • Clinical Focus Areas: Identify how the provider distributes therapeutic selections across medical care options to gain insight into their true day-to-day **Hospitalist** practice concentrations.
  • Program Cost Awareness: Review the calculated total systemic drug costs and raw transactional volumes linked to these orders to better anticipate network insurance coverage structures.
  • Patient-Centered Evaluation: Cross-reference localized regional care comparisons to align practitioner habits directly with your proactive health maintenance goals.

Data Scope Exclusion & Limitations: The data elements presented above explicitly reflect prescription orders processed for Medicare beneficiaries during the year 2023. This informational profile does not aggregate prescription data for individuals utilizing private commercial health plans, state Medicaid coverage, or self-pay options. However, because medical decision-making remains highly consistent across clinical settings, this public registry provides a reliable proxy for understanding the general prescribing preferences and pharmaceutical care approach used by this provider.