DONALD R ROYALL M.D.
Prescription History 1689683021
Psychiatry & Neurology - Psychiatry in San Antonio, TX
Medicare Part D Prescription History
Explore the verified Medicare Part D prescription history, volume metrics, and calculated drug costs for DONALD R ROYALL M.D., an active Psychiatry specialist practicing in San Antonio, TX. Our medical registry currently tracks 36 unique pharmaceutical formulations prescribed by this provider, representing an estimated volume of 3,500 documented patient claims. Among these therapy options, the most frequently utilized medication is Lamotrigine, which accounts for 719 claims alone. Use the table below to sort by claims, cost, or utilization compared with the state average; select any medication for its full profile.
| Medication | Prescriptions (2023)Rx (2023) | Avg Cost per FillCost / Fill | Vs. Other TX PrescribersVs. TX Avg |
|---|---|---|---|
| Lamotrigine | 719 | $9.11▼ below TX avg | ▲ More than typical |
About Lamotrigine: Lamotrigine is used alone or with other medications to prevent and control seizures. Show more ▾ It may also be used to help prevent the extreme mood swings of bipolar disorder in adults. Lamotrigine is known as an anticonvulsant or antiepileptic drug. It is thought to work by restoring the balance of certain natural substances in the brain. This drug is not approved for use in children younger than 2 years due to an increased risk of side effects (such as infections). A phenyltriazine compound, sodium and calcium channel blocker that is used for the treatment of SEIZURES and BIPOLAR DISORDER. In 2023, this provider wrote 719 Medicare prescriptions for Lamotrigine, about 17 times the volume of the typical Texas prescriber of this medication (42). Medicare paid an average of $9.11 per fill, versus $17.15 statewide. How often this provider prescribes it This provider prescribes this medication more often than the average TX prescriber. Utilization reflects practice size as well as clinical preference. What Medicare paid per fill This provider's average cost per fill is below the TX average for this medication. 969.8 30-Day Fills standardized to 30-day supplies 28,620 Days of Medication total across all patients in 2023 | |||
| Sertraline Hcl | 598 | $10.94▼ below TX avg | ▲ More than typical |
About Sertraline Hcl: Sertraline is used to treat depression, panic attacks, obsessive compulsive disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, social anxiety disorder (social phobia), and a severe form of premenstrual syndrome (premenstrual dysphoric disorder). Show more ▾ This medication may improve your mood, sleep, appetite, and energy level and may help restore your interest in daily living. It may decrease fear, anxiety, unwanted thoughts, and the number of panic attacks. It may also reduce the urge to perform repeated tasks (compulsions such as hand-washing, counting, and checking) that interfere with daily living. Sertraline is known as a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI). It works by helping to restore the balance of a certain natural substance (serotonin) in the brain. In 2023, this provider wrote 598 Medicare prescriptions for Sertraline Hcl, about 10 times the volume of the typical Texas prescriber of this medication (58). Medicare paid an average of $10.94 per fill, versus $11.23 statewide. How often this provider prescribes it This provider prescribes this medication more often than the average TX prescriber. Utilization reflects practice size as well as clinical preference. What Medicare paid per fill This provider's average cost per fill is below the TX average for this medication. 792.2 30-Day Fills standardized to 30-day supplies 23,233 Days of Medication total across all patients in 2023 | |||
| Escitalopram Oxalate | 224 | $11.12▼ below TX avg | ▲ More than typical |
About Escitalopram Oxalate: Escitalopram is used to treat depression and anxiety. Show more ▾ It works by helping to restore the balance of a certain natural substance (serotonin) in the brain. Escitalopram belongs to a class of drugs known as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI). It may improve your energy level and feelings of well-being and decrease nervousness. S-enantiomer of CITALOPRAM. Belongs to a class of drugs known as SELECTIVE SEROTONIN REUPTAKE INHIBITORS, used to treat depression and generalized anxiety disorder. In 2023, this provider wrote 224 Medicare prescriptions for Escitalopram Oxalate, about 4.5 times the volume of the typical Texas prescriber of this medication (50). Medicare paid an average of $11.12 per fill, versus $14.13 statewide. How often this provider prescribes it This provider prescribes this medication more often than the average TX prescriber. Utilization reflects practice size as well as clinical preference. What Medicare paid per fill This provider's average cost per fill is below the TX average for this medication. 315.5 30-Day Fills standardized to 30-day supplies 9,368 Days of Medication total across all patients in 2023 | |||
| Fluoxetine Hcl | 184 | $13.34▼ below TX avg | ▲ More than typical |
About Fluoxetine Hcl: This long-acting form of fluoxetine is used to treat depression in people who have been successfully treated with the form of fluoxetine that is taken daily. Show more ▾ Fluoxetine is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI). SSRIs work by helping to restore the balance of certain natural substances in the brain (neurotransmitters such as serotonin). Fluoxetine may decrease anxiety, improve your mood, sleep, appetite, and energy level and may help restore your interest in daily living. The first highly specific serotonin uptake inhibitor. It is used as an antidepressant and often has a more acceptable side-effects profile than traditional antidepressants. In 2023, this provider wrote 184 Medicare prescriptions for Fluoxetine Hcl, about 5 times the volume of the typical Texas prescriber of this medication (37). Medicare paid an average of $13.34 per fill, versus $14.62 statewide. How often this provider prescribes it This provider prescribes this medication more often than the average TX prescriber. Utilization reflects practice size as well as clinical preference. What Medicare paid per fill This provider's average cost per fill is below the TX average for this medication. 218 30-Day Fills standardized to 30-day supplies 6,483 Days of Medication total across all patients in 2023 | |||
| Clonazepam | 179 | $11.21 | ▲ More than typical |
About Clonazepam: Clonazepam is used to prevent and control seizures. Show more ▾ This medication is known as an anticonvulsant or antiepileptic drug. It is also used to treat panic attacks. Clonazepam works by calming your brain and nerves. It belongs to a class of drugs called benzodiazepines. An anticonvulsant used for several types of seizures, including myotonic or atonic seizures, photosensitive epilepsy, and absence seizures, although tolerance may develop. It is seldom effective in generalized tonic-clonic or partial seizures. The mechanism of action appears to involve the enhancement of GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID receptor responses. In 2023, this provider wrote 179 Medicare prescriptions for Clonazepam, about 3.6 times the volume of the typical Texas prescriber of this medication (50). Medicare paid an average of $11.21 per fill, versus $9.40 statewide. How often this provider prescribes it This provider prescribes this medication more often than the average TX prescriber. Utilization reflects practice size as well as clinical preference. What Medicare paid per fill Gross Part D cost per fill; not the patient's out-of-pocket price. 210 30-Day Fills standardized to 30-day supplies 6,285 Days of Medication total across all patients in 2023 | |||
| Duloxetine Hcl | 174 | $20.29▼ below TX avg | ▲ More than typical |
About Duloxetine Hcl: Duloxetine is used to treat depression and anxiety. Show more ▾ In addition, duloxetine is used to help relieve nerve pain (peripheral neuropathy) in people with diabetes or ongoing pain due to medical conditions such as arthritis, chronic back pain, or fibromyalgia (a condition that causes widespread pain). Duloxetine may improve your mood, sleep, appetite, and energy level, and decrease nervousness. It can also decrease pain due to certain medical conditions. Duloxetine is known as a serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI). This medication works by helping to restore the balance of certain natural substances (serotonin and norepinephrine) in the brain. A thiophene derivative and selective NEUROTRANSMITTER UPTAKE INHIBITOR for SEROTONIN and NORADRENALINE (SNRI). It is an ANTIDEPRESSIVE AGENT and ANXIOLYTIC, and is also used for the treatment of pain in patients with DIABETES MELLITUS and FIBROMYALGIA. In 2023, this provider wrote 174 Medicare prescriptions for Duloxetine Hcl, about 3.4 times the volume of the typical Texas prescriber of this medication (51). Medicare paid an average of $20.29 per fill, versus $41.54 statewide. How often this provider prescribes it This provider prescribes this medication more often than the average TX prescriber. Utilization reflects practice size as well as clinical preference. What Medicare paid per fill This provider's average cost per fill is below the TX average for this medication. 222.2 30-Day Fills standardized to 30-day supplies 6,651 Days of Medication total across all patients in 2023 | |||
| Trazodone Hcl | 165 | $10.82▼ below TX avg | ▲ More than typical |
About Trazodone Hcl: This medication is used to treat depression. Show more ▾ It may help to improve your mood, appetite, and energy level as well as decrease anxiety and insomnia related to depression. Trazodone works by helping to restore the balance of a certain natural chemical (serotonin) in the brain. In 2023, this provider wrote 165 Medicare prescriptions for Trazodone Hcl, about 2.6 times the volume of the typical Texas prescriber of this medication (64). Medicare paid an average of $10.82 per fill, versus $12.94 statewide. How often this provider prescribes it This provider prescribes this medication more often than the average TX prescriber. Utilization reflects practice size as well as clinical preference. What Medicare paid per fill This provider's average cost per fill is below the TX average for this medication. 257 30-Day Fills standardized to 30-day supplies 7,665 Days of Medication total across all patients in 2023 | |||
| Quetiapine Fumarate | 162 | $16.75▼ below TX avg | ▲ More than typical |
About Quetiapine Fumarate: This medication is used to treat certain mental/mood conditions (such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, sudden episodes of mania or depression associated with bipolar disorder). Show more ▾ Quetiapine is known as an anti-psychotic drug (atypical type). It works by helping to restore the balance of certain natural substances (neurotransmitters) in the brain. This medication can decrease hallucinations and improve your concentration. It helps you to think more clearly and positively about yourself, feel less nervous, and take a more active part in everyday life. It may also improve your mood, sleep, appetite, and energy level. Quetiapine can help prevent severe mood swings or decrease how often mood swings occur. A dibenzothiazepine and ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENT that targets the SEROTONIN 5-HT2 RECEPTOR; HISTAMINE H1 RECEPTOR, adrenergic alpha1 and alpha2 receptors, as well as the DOPAMINE D1 RECEPTOR and DOPAMINE D2 RECEPTOR. It is used in the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA; BIPOLAR DISORDER and DEPRESSIVE DISORDER. In 2023, this provider wrote 162 Medicare prescriptions for Quetiapine Fumarate, about 3.1 times the volume of the typical Texas prescriber of this medication (53). Medicare paid an average of $16.75 per fill, versus $30.05 statewide. How often this provider prescribes it This provider prescribes this medication more often than the average TX prescriber. Utilization reflects practice size as well as clinical preference. What Medicare paid per fill This provider's average cost per fill is below the TX average for this medication. 244.5 30-Day Fills standardized to 30-day supplies 7,267 Days of Medication total across all patients in 2023 | |||
| Alprazolam | 99 | $6.96▼ below TX avg | ▲ More than typical |
About Alprazolam: Alprazolam is used to treat anxiety and panic disorders. Show more ▾ It belongs to a class of medications called benzodiazepines which act on the brain and nerves (central nervous system) to produce a calming effect. It works by enhancing the effects of a certain natural chemical in the body (GABA). A triazolobenzodiazepine compound with antianxiety and sedative-hypnotic actions, that is efficacious in the treatment of PANIC DISORDERS, with or without AGORAPHOBIA, and in generalized ANXIETY DISORDERS. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p238) In 2023, this provider wrote 99 Medicare prescriptions for Alprazolam, about 1.5 times the volume of the typical Texas prescriber of this medication (68). Medicare paid an average of $6.96 per fill, versus $8.23 statewide. How often this provider prescribes it This provider prescribes this medication more often than the average TX prescriber. Utilization reflects practice size as well as clinical preference. What Medicare paid per fill This provider's average cost per fill is below the TX average for this medication. 105 30-Day Fills standardized to 30-day supplies 3,105 Days of Medication total across all patients in 2023 | |||
| Venlafaxine Hcl ErVenlafaxine Hcl | 87 | $24.67▼ below TX avg | ▲ More than typical |
About Venlafaxine Hcl Er: Venlafaxine is used to treat depression, anxiety, panic attacks, and social anxiety disorder (social phobia). Show more ▾ It may improve your mood and energy level and may help restore your interest in daily living. It may also decrease fear, anxiety, unwanted thoughts, and the number of panic attacks. Venlafaxine is known as a serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI). It works by helping to restore the balance of certain natural substances (serotonin and norepinephrine) in the brain. In 2023, this provider wrote 87 Medicare prescriptions for Venlafaxine Hcl Er, about 2.7 times the volume of the typical Texas prescriber of this medication (32). Medicare paid an average of $24.67 per fill, versus $29.81 statewide. How often this provider prescribes it This provider prescribes this medication more often than the average TX prescriber. Utilization reflects practice size as well as clinical preference. What Medicare paid per fill This provider's average cost per fill is below the TX average for this medication. 104.4 30-Day Fills standardized to 30-day supplies 3,115 Days of Medication total across all patients in 2023 | |||
| Donepezil Hcl | 69 | $10.50▼ below TX avg | ≈ Typical |
About Donepezil Hcl: Donepezil is used to treat confusion (dementia) related to Alzheimer's disease. Show more ▾ It does not cure Alzheimer's disease, but it may improve memory, awareness, and the ability to function. This medication is an enzyme blocker that works by restoring the balance of natural substances (neurotransmitters) in the brain. In 2023, this provider wrote 69 Medicare prescriptions for Donepezil Hcl, about the same volume as the typical Texas prescriber of this medication (65). Medicare paid an average of $10.50 per fill, versus $16.03 statewide. How often this provider prescribes it This provider's prescribing volume for this medication is in line with the average TX prescriber. Utilization reflects practice size as well as clinical preference. What Medicare paid per fill This provider's average cost per fill is below the TX average for this medication. 106 30-Day Fills standardized to 30-day supplies 3,180 Days of Medication total across all patients in 2023 | |||
| Aripiprazole | 68 | $68.18▼ below TX avg | ▲ More than typical |
About Aripiprazole: Aripiprazole is used to treat certain mental/mood disorders (such as bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, Tourette's syndrome, and irritability associated with autistic disorder). Show more ▾ It may also be used in combination with other medication to treat depression. Aripiprazole is known as an antipsychotic drug (atypical type). It works by helping to restore the balance of certain natural chemicals in the brain (neurotransmitters). This medication can decrease hallucinations and improve your concentration. It helps you to think more clearly and positively about yourself, feel less nervous, and take a more active part in everyday life. Aripiprazole can treat severe mood swings and decrease how often mood swings occur. A piperazine and quinolone derivative that is used primarily as an antipsychotic agent. It is a partial agonist of SEROTONIN RECEPTOR, 5-HT1A and DOPAMINE D2 RECEPTORS, where it also functions as a post-synaptic antagonist, and an antagonist of SEROTONIN RECEPTOR, 5-HT2A. It is used for the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA and BIPOLAR DISORDER, and as an adjunct therapy for the treatment of depression. In 2023, this provider wrote 68 Medicare prescriptions for Aripiprazole, about 1.6 times the volume of the typical Texas prescriber of this medication (43). Medicare paid an average of $68.18 per fill, versus $122.73 statewide. How often this provider prescribes it This provider prescribes this medication more often than the average TX prescriber. Utilization reflects practice size as well as clinical preference. What Medicare paid per fill This provider's average cost per fill is below the TX average for this medication. 92 30-Day Fills standardized to 30-day supplies 2,760 Days of Medication total across all patients in 2023 | |||
| Buspirone Hcl | 60 | $29.51 | ▲ More than typical |
About Buspirone Hcl: This medication is used to treat anxiety. Show more ▾ It may help you think more clearly, relax, worry less, and take part in everyday life. It may also help you to feel less jittery and irritable, and may control symptoms such as trouble sleeping, sweating, and pounding heartbeat. Buspirone is a medication for anxiety (anxiolytic) that works by affecting certain natural substances in the brain (neurotransmitters). In 2023, this provider wrote 60 Medicare prescriptions for Buspirone Hcl, about 1.4 times the volume of the typical Texas prescriber of this medication (44). Medicare paid an average of $29.51 per fill, versus $18.95 statewide. How often this provider prescribes it This provider prescribes this medication more often than the average TX prescriber. Utilization reflects practice size as well as clinical preference. What Medicare paid per fill Gross Part D cost per fill; not the patient's out-of-pocket price. 118.5 30-Day Fills standardized to 30-day supplies 3,555 Days of Medication total across all patients in 2023 | |||
| Mirtazapine | 59 | $17.00▼ below TX avg | ▲ More than typical |
About Mirtazapine: Mirtazapine is used to treat depression. Show more ▾ It improves mood and feelings of well-being. Mirtazapine is an antidepressant that works by restoring the balance of natural chemicals (neurotransmitters) in the brain. A piperazinoazepine tetracyclic compound that enhances the release of NOREPINEPHRINE and SEROTONIN through blockage of presynaptic ALPHA-2 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS. It also blocks both 5-HT2 and 5-HT3 serotonin receptors and is a potent HISTAMINE H1 RECEPTOR antagonist. It is used for the treatment of depression, and may also be useful for the treatment of anxiety disorders. In 2023, this provider wrote 59 Medicare prescriptions for Mirtazapine, about 1.3 times the volume of the typical Texas prescriber of this medication (46). Medicare paid an average of $17.00 per fill, versus $23.34 statewide. How often this provider prescribes it This provider prescribes this medication more often than the average TX prescriber. Utilization reflects practice size as well as clinical preference. What Medicare paid per fill This provider's average cost per fill is below the TX average for this medication. 86 30-Day Fills standardized to 30-day supplies 2,580 Days of Medication total across all patients in 2023 | |||
| Citalopram HbrCitalopram Hydrobromide | 59 | $4.07▼ below TX avg | ▲ More than typical |
About Citalopram Hbr: Citalopram is used to treat depression. Show more ▾ It may improve your energy level and feelings of well-being. Citalopram is known as a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI). This medication works by helping to restore the balance of a certain natural substance (serotonin) in the brain. A furancarbonitrile that is one of the SELECTIVE SEROTONIN REUPTAKE INHIBITORS used as an antidepressant. The drug is also effective in reducing ethanol uptake in alcoholics and is used in depressed patients who also suffer from TARDIVE DYSKINESIA in preference to tricyclic antidepressants, which aggravate dyskinesia. In 2023, this provider wrote 59 Medicare prescriptions for Citalopram Hbr, about 1.6 times the volume of the typical Texas prescriber of this medication (38). Medicare paid an average of $4.07 per fill, versus $8.49 statewide. How often this provider prescribes it This provider prescribes this medication more often than the average TX prescriber. Utilization reflects practice size as well as clinical preference. What Medicare paid per fill This provider's average cost per fill is below the TX average for this medication. 91 30-Day Fills standardized to 30-day supplies 2,730 Days of Medication total across all patients in 2023 | |||
| Bupropion XlBupropion Hcl | 58 | $19.33▼ below TX avg | ▲ More than typical |
About Bupropion Xl: Bupropion is used to treat depression. Show more ▾ It can improve your mood and feelings of well-being. It may work by helping to restore the balance of certain natural chemicals (neurotransmitters) in your brain. In 2023, this provider wrote 58 Medicare prescriptions for Bupropion Xl, about 1.6 times the volume of the typical Texas prescriber of this medication (37). Medicare paid an average of $19.33 per fill, versus $37.71 statewide. How often this provider prescribes it This provider prescribes this medication more often than the average TX prescriber. Utilization reflects practice size as well as clinical preference. What Medicare paid per fill This provider's average cost per fill is below the TX average for this medication. 74 30-Day Fills standardized to 30-day supplies 2,157 Days of Medication total across all patients in 2023 | |||
| Gabapentin | 55 | $11.15▼ below TX avg | ▼ Less than typical |
About Gabapentin: Gabapentin is used with other medications to prevent and control seizures. Show more ▾ It is also used to relieve nerve pain following shingles (a painful rash due to herpes zoster infection) in adults. Gabapentin is known as an anticonvulsant or antiepileptic drug. A cyclohexane-gamma-aminobutyric acid derivative that is used for the treatment of PARTIAL SEIZURES; NEURALGIA; and RESTLESS LEGS SYNDROME. In 2023, this provider wrote 55 Medicare prescriptions for Gabapentin, about half the volume of the typical Texas prescriber of this medication (94). Medicare paid an average of $11.15 per fill, versus $21.94 statewide. How often this provider prescribes it This provider prescribes this medication less often than the average TX prescriber. Utilization reflects practice size as well as clinical preference. What Medicare paid per fill This provider's average cost per fill is below the TX average for this medication. 57 30-Day Fills standardized to 30-day supplies 1,710 Days of Medication total across all patients in 2023 | |||
| Olanzapine | 55 | $24.09▼ below TX avg | ≈ Typical |
About Olanzapine: Olanzapine is used to treat certain mental/mood conditions (such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder). Show more ▾ It may also be used in combination with other medication to treat depression. This medication can help to decrease hallucinations and help you to think more clearly and positively about yourself, feel less agitated, and take a more active part in everyday life. Olanzapine belongs to a class of drugs called atypical antipsychotics. It works by helping to restore the balance of certain natural substances in the brain. Talk to the doctor about the risks and benefits of treatment (especially when used by teenagers). See also Precautions section. A benzodiazepine derivative that binds SEROTONIN RECEPTORS; MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS; HISTAMINE H1 RECEPTORS; ADRENERGIC ALPHA-1 RECEPTORS; and DOPAMINE RECEPTORS. It is an antipsychotic agent used in the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA; BIPOLAR DISORDER; and MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER; it may also reduce nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing chemotherapy. In 2023, this provider wrote 55 Medicare prescriptions for Olanzapine, about 1.3 times the volume of the typical Texas prescriber of this medication (44). Medicare paid an average of $24.09 per fill, versus $32.58 statewide. How often this provider prescribes it This provider's prescribing volume for this medication is in line with the average TX prescriber. Utilization reflects practice size as well as clinical preference. What Medicare paid per fill This provider's average cost per fill is below the TX average for this medication. 78 30-Day Fills standardized to 30-day supplies 2,325 Days of Medication total across all patients in 2023 | |||
| Paroxetine Hcl | 50 | $16.57 | ▲ More than typical |
About Paroxetine Hcl: Paroxetine is used to treat depression, panic attacks, anxiety disorders, and a severe form of premenstrual syndrome (premenstrual dysphoric disorder). Show more ▾ It works by helping to restore the balance of a certain natural substance (serotonin) in the brain. Paroxetine is known as a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI). This medication may improve your mood, sleep, appetite, and energy level and may help restore your interest in daily living. It may decrease fear, anxiety, unwanted thoughts, and the number of panic attacks. Paroxetine may lessen premenstrual symptoms such as irritability, increased appetite, and depression. In 2023, this provider wrote 50 Medicare prescriptions for Paroxetine Hcl, about 1.9 times the volume of the typical Texas prescriber of this medication (27). Medicare paid an average of $16.57 per fill, versus $15.23 statewide. How often this provider prescribes it This provider prescribes this medication more often than the average TX prescriber. Utilization reflects practice size as well as clinical preference. What Medicare paid per fill Gross Part D cost per fill; not the patient's out-of-pocket price. 62 30-Day Fills standardized to 30-day supplies 1,860 Days of Medication total across all patients in 2023 | |||
| Risperidone | 48 | $9.92▼ below TX avg | ≈ Typical |
About Risperidone: Risperidone is used to treat a certain mental/mood disorder called schizophrenia. Show more ▾ This medication can decrease hallucinations, help you to think more clearly and positively about yourself, feel less agitated, and take a more active part in everyday life. Risperidone is an antipsychotic drug (atypical type). It works by helping to restore the balance of certain natural substances in the brain. A selective blocker of DOPAMINE D2 RECEPTORS and SEROTONIN 5-HT2 RECEPTORS that acts as an atypical antipsychotic agent. It has been shown to improve both positive and negative symptoms in the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA. In 2023, this provider wrote 48 Medicare prescriptions for Risperidone, about the same volume as the typical Texas prescriber of this medication (49). Medicare paid an average of $9.92 per fill, versus $14.90 statewide. How often this provider prescribes it This provider's prescribing volume for this medication is in line with the average TX prescriber. Utilization reflects practice size as well as clinical preference. What Medicare paid per fill This provider's average cost per fill is below the TX average for this medication. 61 30-Day Fills standardized to 30-day supplies 1,769 Days of Medication total across all patients in 2023 | |||
| Hydroxyzine Hcl | 43 | $21.82 | ▲ More than typical |
About Hydroxyzine Hcl: Hydroxyzine is used to treat itching caused by allergies. Show more ▾ It is an antihistamine and works by blocking a certain natural substance (histamine) that your body makes during an allergic reaction. Hydroxyzine may also be used short-term to treat anxiety or to help you feel sleepy/relaxed before and after surgery. In 2023, this provider wrote 43 Medicare prescriptions for Hydroxyzine Hcl, about 1.4 times the volume of the typical Texas prescriber of this medication (30). Medicare paid an average of $21.82 per fill, versus $19.89 statewide. How often this provider prescribes it This provider prescribes this medication more often than the average TX prescriber. Utilization reflects practice size as well as clinical preference. What Medicare paid per fill Gross Part D cost per fill; not the patient's out-of-pocket price. 58 30-Day Fills standardized to 30-day supplies 1,528 Days of Medication total across all patients in 2023 | |||
| Lorazepam | 38 | $12.33 | ≈ Typical |
About Lorazepam: This medication is used to treat serious seizures that do not stop (status epilepticus). Show more ▾ It is also used before surgeries or procedures to cause drowsiness, decrease anxiety, and cause forgetfulness about the procedure or surgery. Lorazepam belongs to a class of medications called benzodiazepines, which produce a calming effect on the brain and nerves (central nervous system). It is thought to work by increasing the effect of a certain natural chemical (GABA) in the brain. A benzodiazepine used as an anti-anxiety agent with few side effects. It also has hypnotic, anticonvulsant, and considerable sedative properties and has been proposed as a preanesthetic agent. In 2023, this provider wrote 38 Medicare prescriptions for Lorazepam, about the same volume as the typical Texas prescriber of this medication (42). Medicare paid an average of $12.33 per fill, versus $7.67 statewide. How often this provider prescribes it This provider's prescribing volume for this medication is in line with the average TX prescriber. Utilization reflects practice size as well as clinical preference. What Medicare paid per fill Gross Part D cost per fill; not the patient's out-of-pocket price. 44.8 30-Day Fills standardized to 30-day supplies 1,308 Days of Medication total across all patients in 2023 | |||
| Zolpidem Tartrate | 35 | $9.16 | ▼ Less than typical |
About Zolpidem Tartrate: Zolpidem is used for a short time to treat a certain sleep problem (insomnia) in adults. Show more ▾ If you have trouble falling asleep, it helps you fall asleep faster, so you can get a better night's rest. Zolpidem belongs to a class of drugs called sedative-hypnotics. It acts on your brain to produce a calming effect. An imidazopyridine derivative and short-acting GABA-A receptor agonist that is used for the treatment of INSOMNIA. In 2023, this provider wrote 35 Medicare prescriptions for Zolpidem Tartrate, about 74% of the volume of the typical Texas prescriber of this medication (47). Medicare paid an average of $9.16 per fill, versus $8.93 statewide. How often this provider prescribes it This provider prescribes this medication less often than the average TX prescriber. Utilization reflects practice size as well as clinical preference. What Medicare paid per fill Gross Part D cost per fill; not the patient's out-of-pocket price. 47 30-Day Fills standardized to 30-day supplies 1,410 Days of Medication total across all patients in 2023 | |||
| Memantine Hcl | 34 | $33.21▼ below TX avg | ▼ Less than typical |
About Memantine Hcl: Memantine is used to treat moderate to severe confusion (dementia) related to Alzheimer's disease. Show more ▾ It does not cure Alzheimer's disease, but it may improve memory, awareness, and the ability to perform daily functions. This medication works by blocking the action of a certain natural substance in the brain (glutamate) that is believed to be linked to symptoms of Alzheimer's disease. In 2023, this provider wrote 34 Medicare prescriptions for Memantine Hcl, about half the volume of the typical Texas prescriber of this medication (62). Medicare paid an average of $33.21 per fill, versus $50.26 statewide. How often this provider prescribes it This provider prescribes this medication less often than the average TX prescriber. Utilization reflects practice size as well as clinical preference. What Medicare paid per fill This provider's average cost per fill is below the TX average for this medication. 48 30-Day Fills standardized to 30-day supplies 1,440 Days of Medication total across all patients in 2023 | |||
| Prazosin Hcl | 19 | $37.86 | ▼ Less than typical |
About Prazosin Hcl: Prazosin is used with or without other medications to treat high blood pressure. Show more ▾ Lowering high blood pressure helps prevent strokes, heart attacks, and kidney problems. Prazosin belongs to a class of medications called alpha blockers. It works by relaxing and widening blood vessels so blood can flow more easily. A selective adrenergic alpha-1 antagonist used in the treatment of HEART FAILURE; HYPERTENSION; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA; RAYNAUD DISEASE; PROSTATIC HYPERTROPHY; and URINARY RETENTION. In 2023, this provider wrote 19 Medicare prescriptions for Prazosin Hcl, about 61% of the volume of the typical Texas prescriber of this medication (31). Medicare paid an average of $37.86 per fill, versus $34.98 statewide. How often this provider prescribes it This provider prescribes this medication less often than the average TX prescriber. Utilization reflects practice size as well as clinical preference. What Medicare paid per fill Gross Part D cost per fill; not the patient's out-of-pocket price. 29 30-Day Fills standardized to 30-day supplies 870 Days of Medication total across all patients in 2023 | |||
| Desvenlafaxine Succinate ErDesvenlafaxine Succinate | 19 | $45.86▼ below TX avg | ▼ Less than typical |
About Desvenlafaxine Succinate Er: Desvenlafaxine is used to treat depression. Show more ▾ It may improve your mood, feelings of well-being, and energy level. Desvenlafaxine is known as a serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI). It works by helping to restore the balance of certain natural substances (serotonin and norepinephrine) in the brain. A cyclohexanol and phenol derivative and metabolite of venlafaxine that functions as a SEROTONIN AND NORADRENALINE REUPTAKE INHIBITOR (SNRI) and is used as an ANTIDEPRESSIVE AGENT. In 2023, this provider wrote 19 Medicare prescriptions for Desvenlafaxine Succinate Er, about 70% of the volume of the typical Texas prescriber of this medication (27). Medicare paid an average of $45.86 per fill, versus $93.99 statewide. How often this provider prescribes it This provider prescribes this medication less often than the average TX prescriber. Utilization reflects practice size as well as clinical preference. What Medicare paid per fill This provider's average cost per fill is below the TX average for this medication. 21 30-Day Fills standardized to 30-day supplies 630 Days of Medication total across all patients in 2023 | |||
| Oxcarbazepine | 16 | $67.66 | ▼ Less than typical |
About Oxcarbazepine: Oxcarbazepine is used alone or with other medications to treat seizure disorders (epilepsy). Show more ▾ A carbamazepine derivative that acts as a voltage-gated sodium channel blocker. It is used for the treatment of PARTIAL SEIZURES with or without secondary generalization. It is also an inducer of CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP3A4. In 2023, this provider wrote 16 Medicare prescriptions for Oxcarbazepine, about half the volume of the typical Texas prescriber of this medication (36). Medicare paid an average of $67.66 per fill, versus $64.87 statewide. How often this provider prescribes it This provider prescribes this medication less often than the average TX prescriber. Utilization reflects practice size as well as clinical preference. What Medicare paid per fill Gross Part D cost per fill; not the patient's out-of-pocket price. 26 30-Day Fills standardized to 30-day supplies 780 Days of Medication total across all patients in 2023 | |||
| Fluvoxamine Maleate | 16 | $81.08 | ▼ Less than typical |
About Fluvoxamine Maleate: Fluvoxamine is used to treat obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Show more ▾ It helps decrease thoughts that are unwanted or that don't go away (obsessions), and it helps to reduce the urge to perform repeated tasks (compulsions such as hand-washing, counting, checking) that interfere with daily living. Fluvoxamine is known as a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI). This medication works by helping to restore the balance of a certain natural substance (serotonin) in the brain. A selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor that is used in the treatment of DEPRESSION and a variety of ANXIETY DISORDERS. In 2023, this provider wrote 16 Medicare prescriptions for Fluvoxamine Maleate, about 70% of the volume of the typical Texas prescriber of this medication (23). Medicare paid an average of $81.08 per fill, versus $48.30 statewide. How often this provider prescribes it This provider prescribes this medication less often than the average TX prescriber. Utilization reflects practice size as well as clinical preference. What Medicare paid per fill Gross Part D cost per fill; not the patient's out-of-pocket price. 23.5 30-Day Fills standardized to 30-day supplies 690 Days of Medication total across all patients in 2023 | |||
| RexultiBrexpiprazole | 16 | $2,294.01 | ▼ Less than typical |
About Rexulti: This medication is used to treat certain mental/mood disorders (such as schizophrenia, depression). Show more ▾ Brexpiprazole helps you to think more clearly, feel less nervous, and take part in everyday life. It may also help to decrease hallucinations (hearing/seeing things that are not there). In addition, this medication may improve your mood, sleep, appetite, and energy level. Brexpiprazole is a psychiatric medication that belongs to the class of drugs called atypical antipsychotics. It works by helping to restore the balance of certain natural substances in the brain. In 2023, this provider wrote 16 Medicare prescriptions for Rexulti, about 62% of the volume of the typical Texas prescriber of this medication (26). Medicare paid an average of $2,294.01 per fill, versus $1,497.84 statewide. How often this provider prescribes it This provider prescribes this medication less often than the average TX prescriber. Utilization reflects practice size as well as clinical preference. What Medicare paid per fill Gross Part D cost per fill; not the patient's out-of-pocket price. 18 30-Day Fills standardized to 30-day supplies 540 Days of Medication total across all patients in 2023 | |||
| Divalproex Sodium ErDivalproex Sodium | 16 | $38.12▼ below TX avg | ▼ Less than typical |
About Divalproex Sodium Er: This medication is used to treat seizure disorders, certain psychiatric conditions (manic phase of bipolar disorder), and to prevent migraine headaches. Show more ▾ It works by restoring the balance of certain natural substances (neurotransmitters) in the brain. A fatty acid with anticonvulsant and anti-manic properties that is used in the treatment of EPILEPSY and BIPOLAR DISORDER. The mechanisms of its therapeutic actions are not well understood. It may act by increasing GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID levels in the brain or by altering the properties of VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS. In 2023, this provider wrote 16 Medicare prescriptions for Divalproex Sodium Er, about a third of the volume of the typical Texas prescriber of this medication (39). Medicare paid an average of $38.12 per fill, versus $89.65 statewide. How often this provider prescribes it This provider prescribes this medication less often than the average TX prescriber. Utilization reflects practice size as well as clinical preference. What Medicare paid per fill This provider's average cost per fill is below the TX average for this medication. 27.5 30-Day Fills standardized to 30-day supplies 825 Days of Medication total across all patients in 2023 | |||
| Propranolol Hcl | 15 | $13.29▼ below TX avg | ▼ Less than typical |
About Propranolol Hcl: This formulation of propranolol is used for infants and children to treat a certain benign tumor (proliferating infantile hemangioma). Show more ▾ It helps to shrink the tumor. Propranolol belongs to a class of drugs known as beta blockers. In 2023, this provider wrote 15 Medicare prescriptions for Propranolol Hcl, about 65% of the volume of the typical Texas prescriber of this medication (23). Medicare paid an average of $13.29 per fill, versus $27.32 statewide. How often this provider prescribes it This provider prescribes this medication less often than the average TX prescriber. Utilization reflects practice size as well as clinical preference. What Medicare paid per fill This provider's average cost per fill is below the TX average for this medication. 17 30-Day Fills standardized to 30-day supplies 500 Days of Medication total across all patients in 2023 | |||
| Lurasidone Hcl | 13 | $574.07 | – No State Data |
In 2023, this provider wrote 13 Medicare prescriptions for Lurasidone Hcl. Medicare paid an average of $574.07 per fill. No state comparison is available for this medication. How often this provider prescribes it No state benchmark is available for this medication. What Medicare paid per fill $574.07 Cost per fill Gross Part D cost per fill; not the patient's out-of-pocket price. 17 30-Day Fills standardized to 30-day supplies 510 Days of Medication total across all patients in 2023 | |||
| Diazepam | 13 | $7.24▼ below TX avg | ▼ Less than typical |
About Diazepam: This medication is used to treat episodes of increased seizures (such as cluster or breakthrough seizures) in people who are already taking medications to control their seizures. Show more ▾ This product is only recommended for short-term treatment of seizure attacks. It is not for ongoing daily use to prevent seizures. Uncontrolled seizures can turn into serious (possibly fatal) seizures that do not stop (status epilepticus). This medication is not recommended for children younger than 6 months of age because of the risk of serious side effects. Diazepam works by calming the brain and nerves. It belongs to a class of drugs known as benzodiazepines. A benzodiazepine with anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, sedative, muscle relaxant, and amnesic properties and a long duration of action. Its actions are mediated by enhancement of GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID activity. In 2023, this provider wrote 13 Medicare prescriptions for Diazepam, about half the volume of the typical Texas prescriber of this medication (27). Medicare paid an average of $7.24 per fill, versus $7.76 statewide. How often this provider prescribes it This provider prescribes this medication less often than the average TX prescriber. Utilization reflects practice size as well as clinical preference. What Medicare paid per fill This provider's average cost per fill is below the TX average for this medication. 13 30-Day Fills standardized to 30-day supplies 302 Days of Medication total across all patients in 2023 | |||
| FetzimaLevomilnacipran Hcl | 12 | $515.75▼ below TX avg | ▼ Less than typical |
About Fetzima: Levomilnacipran is used to treat depression. Show more ▾ It works by helping to restore the balance of certain natural substances (serotonin and norepinephrine) in the brain. Levomilnacipran belongs to a class of drugs known as serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs). It may improve your mood, sleep, and appetite and may help restore your interest in daily living. The (1S,2R)-isomer of milnacipran that is used for the treatment of MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER. In 2023, this provider wrote 12 Medicare prescriptions for Fetzima, about 71% of the volume of the typical Texas prescriber of this medication (17). Medicare paid an average of $515.75 per fill, versus $549.75 statewide. How often this provider prescribes it This provider prescribes this medication less often than the average TX prescriber. Utilization reflects practice size as well as clinical preference. What Medicare paid per fill This provider's average cost per fill is below the TX average for this medication. 12 30-Day Fills standardized to 30-day supplies 360 Days of Medication total across all patients in 2023 | |||
| Hydroxyzine Pamoate | 12 | $14.88 | ▼ Less than typical |
About Hydroxyzine Pamoate: Hydroxyzine is used to treat itching caused by allergies. Show more ▾ It is an antihistamine and works by blocking a certain natural substance (histamine) that your body makes during an allergic reaction. Hydroxyzine may also be used short-term to treat anxiety or to help you feel sleepy/relaxed before and after surgery. A histamine H1 receptor antagonist that is effective in the treatment of chronic urticaria, dermatitis, and histamine-mediated pruritus. Unlike its major metabolite CETIRIZINE, it does cause drowsiness. It is also effective as an antiemetic, for relief of anxiety and tension, and as a sedative. In 2023, this provider wrote 12 Medicare prescriptions for Hydroxyzine Pamoate, about a third of the volume of the typical Texas prescriber of this medication (36). Medicare paid an average of $14.88 per fill, versus $14.07 statewide. How often this provider prescribes it This provider prescribes this medication less often than the average TX prescriber. Utilization reflects practice size as well as clinical preference. What Medicare paid per fill Gross Part D cost per fill; not the patient's out-of-pocket price. 20 30-Day Fills standardized to 30-day supplies 600 Days of Medication total across all patients in 2023 | |||
| Divalproex Sodium | 11 | $30.68▼ below TX avg | ▼ Less than typical |
About Divalproex Sodium: This medication is used to treat seizure disorders, certain psychiatric conditions (manic phase of bipolar disorder), and to prevent migraine headaches. Show more ▾ It works by restoring the balance of certain natural substances (neurotransmitters) in the brain. A fatty acid with anticonvulsant and anti-manic properties that is used in the treatment of EPILEPSY and BIPOLAR DISORDER. The mechanisms of its therapeutic actions are not well understood. It may act by increasing GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID levels in the brain or by altering the properties of VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS. In 2023, this provider wrote 11 Medicare prescriptions for Divalproex Sodium, about a quarter of the volume of the typical Texas prescriber of this medication (52). Medicare paid an average of $30.68 per fill, versus $45.97 statewide. How often this provider prescribes it This provider prescribes this medication less often than the average TX prescriber. Utilization reflects practice size as well as clinical preference. What Medicare paid per fill This provider's average cost per fill is below the TX average for this medication. 11 30-Day Fills standardized to 30-day supplies 319 Days of Medication total across all patients in 2023 | |||
About this data. The prescription history for DONALD R ROYALL M.D. is compiled from the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) Medicare Part D Prescriber Public Use File for calendar year 2023, the most recent federal release. Figures cover prescriptions filled for Medicare Part D beneficiaries only; prescriptions under private insurance, Medicaid, or self-pay plans are not included. Because prescribing decisions are generally consistent across coverage types, this record offers a useful view of the overall Psychiatry prescribing approach at this San Antonio, TX practice.
Reading the costs. Drug costs are gross amounts paid to pharmacies under Part D, including both plan and beneficiary payments. They are not the price a patient pays at the pharmacy counter. Medications with fewer than 11 claims are excluded from the federal source data, and state comparisons use the average volume among TX prescribers of the same medication. Always confirm current medications and costs directly with the provider and your plan.
