SHIRLEY CONSTANTINO
Prescription History 1477099430
Nurse Practitioner - Primary Care in Richmond, VA
Medicare Part D Prescription History
Explore the verified Medicare Part D prescription history, volume metrics, and calculated drug costs for SHIRLEY CONSTANTINO, an active Primary Care specialist practicing in Richmond, VA. Our medical registry currently tracks 36 unique pharmaceutical formulations prescribed by this provider, representing an estimated volume of 678 documented patient claims. Among these therapy options, the most frequently utilized medication is Atorvastatin Calcium, which accounts for 48 claims alone. Use the table below to sort by claims, cost, or utilization compared with the state average; select any medication for its full profile.
| Medication | Prescriptions (2023)Rx (2023) | Avg Cost per FillCost / Fill | Vs. Other VA PrescribersVs. VA Avg |
|---|---|---|---|
| Atorvastatin Calcium | 48 | $10.15▼ below VA avg | ▼ Less than typical |
About Atorvastatin Calcium: Atorvastatin is used along with a proper diet to help lower bad cholesterol and fats (such as LDL, triglycerides) and raise good cholesterol (HDL) in the blood. Show more ▾ It belongs to a group of drugs known as statins. It works by reducing the amount of cholesterol made by the liver. Lowering bad cholesterol and triglycerides and raising good cholesterol decreases the risk of heart disease and helps prevent strokes and heart attacks. In addition to eating a proper diet (such as a low-cholesterol/low-fat diet), other lifestyle changes that may help this medication work better include exercising, losing weight if overweight, and stopping smoking. Consult your doctor for more details. A pyrrole and heptanoic acid derivative, HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL-COA REDUCTASE INHIBITOR (statin), and ANTICHOLESTEREMIC AGENT that is used to reduce serum levels of LDL-CHOLESTEROL; APOLIPOPROTEIN B; and TRIGLYCERIDES. It is used to increase serum levels of HDL-CHOLESTEROL in the treatment of HYPERLIPIDEMIAS, and for the prevention of CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES in patients with multiple risk factors. In 2023, this provider wrote 48 Medicare prescriptions for Atorvastatin Calcium, about a third of the volume of the typical Virginia prescriber of this medication (160). Medicare paid an average of $10.15 per fill, versus $13.13 statewide. How often this provider prescribes it This provider prescribes this medication less often than the average VA prescriber. Utilization reflects practice size as well as clinical preference. What Medicare paid per fill This provider's average cost per fill is below the VA average for this medication. 60.1 30-Day Fills standardized to 30-day supplies 1,802 Days of Medication total across all patients in 2023 | |||
| Levetiracetam | 41 | $46.72 | ≈ Typical |
About Levetiracetam: Levetiracetam is used to treat seizures (epilepsy). Show more ▾ It belongs to a class of drugs known as anticonvulsants. Levetiracetam may decrease the number of seizures you have. A pyrrolidinone and acetamide derivative that is used primarily for the treatment of SEIZURES and some movement disorders, and as a nootropic agent. In 2023, this provider wrote 41 Medicare prescriptions for Levetiracetam, about the same volume as the typical Virginia prescriber of this medication (43). Medicare paid an average of $46.72 per fill, versus $44.42 statewide. How often this provider prescribes it This provider's prescribing volume for this medication is in line with the average VA prescriber. Utilization reflects practice size as well as clinical preference. What Medicare paid per fill Gross Part D cost per fill; not the patient's out-of-pocket price. 49.2 30-Day Fills standardized to 30-day supplies 1,469 Days of Medication total across all patients in 2023 | |||
| Famotidine | 40 | $19.76 | ▲ More than typical |
About Famotidine: Famotidine is used to treat ulcers of the stomach and intestines and to prevent intestinal ulcers from coming back after they have healed. Show more ▾ This medication is also used to treat certain stomach and throat (esophagus) problems (such as erosive esophagitis, gastroesophageal reflux disease-GERD, Zollinger-Ellison syndrome). It works by decreasing the amount of acid your stomach makes. It relieves symptoms such as cough that doesn't go away, stomach pain, heartburn, and difficulty swallowing. Famotidine belongs to a class of drugs known as H2 blockers. This medication is also available without a prescription. It is used to prevent and treat heartburn and other symptoms caused by too much acid in the stomach (acid indigestion). If you are taking this medication for self-treatment, it is important to read the manufacturer's package instructions carefully so you know when to consult your doctor or pharmacist. A competitive histamine H2-receptor antagonist. Its main pharmacodynamic effect is the inhibition of gastric secretion. In 2023, this provider wrote 40 Medicare prescriptions for Famotidine, about 1.9 times the volume of the typical Virginia prescriber of this medication (21). Medicare paid an average of $19.76 per fill, versus $11.13 statewide. How often this provider prescribes it This provider prescribes this medication more often than the average VA prescriber. Utilization reflects practice size as well as clinical preference. What Medicare paid per fill Gross Part D cost per fill; not the patient's out-of-pocket price. 44 30-Day Fills standardized to 30-day supplies 1,313 Days of Medication total across all patients in 2023 | |||
| Albuterol Sulfate HfaAlbuterol Sulfate | 35 | $31.54▼ below VA avg | ▼ Less than typical |
About Albuterol Sulfate Hfa: Albuterol (also known as salbutamol) is used to treat wheezing and shortness of breath caused by breathing problems such as asthma. Show more ▾ It is a quick-relief medication. Albuterol belongs to a class of drugs known as bronchodilators. It works by relaxing the muscles around the airways so that they open up and you can breathe more easily. Controlling symptoms of breathing problems can decrease time lost from work or school. A short-acting beta-2 adrenergic agonist that is primarily used as a bronchodilator agent to treat ASTHMA. Albuterol is prepared as a racemic mixture of R(-) and S(+) stereoisomers. The stereospecific preparation of R(-) isomer of albuterol is referred to as levalbuterol. In 2023, this provider wrote 35 Medicare prescriptions for Albuterol Sulfate Hfa, about 61% of the volume of the typical Virginia prescriber of this medication (57). Medicare paid an average of $31.54 per fill, versus $46.67 statewide. How often this provider prescribes it This provider prescribes this medication less often than the average VA prescriber. Utilization reflects practice size as well as clinical preference. What Medicare paid per fill This provider's average cost per fill is below the VA average for this medication. 35 30-Day Fills standardized to 30-day supplies 731 Days of Medication total across all patients in 2023 | |||
| Nystatin | 29 | $23.00 | ≈ Typical |
About Nystatin: Nystatin is used to treat fungal skin infections. Show more ▾ Nystatin is an antifungal that works by stopping the growth of fungus. Macrolide antifungal antibiotic complex produced by Streptomyces noursei, S. aureus, and other Streptomyces species. The biologically active components of the complex are nystatin A1, A2, and A3. In 2023, this provider wrote 29 Medicare prescriptions for Nystatin, about 1.2 times the volume of the typical Virginia prescriber of this medication (24). Medicare paid an average of $23.00 per fill, versus $22.56 statewide. How often this provider prescribes it This provider's prescribing volume for this medication is in line with the average VA prescriber. Utilization reflects practice size as well as clinical preference. What Medicare paid per fill Gross Part D cost per fill; not the patient's out-of-pocket price. 29 30-Day Fills standardized to 30-day supplies 437 Days of Medication total across all patients in 2023 | |||
| Metoprolol Tartrate | 27 | $4.59▼ below VA avg | ▼ Less than typical |
About Metoprolol Tartrate: Metoprolol is used with or without other medications to treat high blood pressure (hypertension). Show more ▾ Lowering high blood pressure helps prevent strokes, heart attacks, and kidney problems. This medication is also used to treat chest pain (angina) and to improve survival after a heart attack. Metoprolol belongs to a class of drugs known as beta blockers. It works by blocking the action of certain natural chemicals in your body, such as epinephrine, on the heart and blood vessels. This effect lowers the heart rate, blood pressure, and strain on the heart. A selective adrenergic beta-1 blocking agent that is commonly used to treat ANGINA PECTORIS; HYPERTENSION; and CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS. In 2023, this provider wrote 27 Medicare prescriptions for Metoprolol Tartrate, about half the volume of the typical Virginia prescriber of this medication (64). Medicare paid an average of $4.59 per fill, versus $7.96 statewide. How often this provider prescribes it This provider prescribes this medication less often than the average VA prescriber. Utilization reflects practice size as well as clinical preference. What Medicare paid per fill This provider's average cost per fill is below the VA average for this medication. 43 30-Day Fills standardized to 30-day supplies 1,290 Days of Medication total across all patients in 2023 | |||
| Duloxetine Hcl | 26 | $46.10 | ▼ Less than typical |
About Duloxetine Hcl: Duloxetine is used to treat depression and anxiety. Show more ▾ In addition, duloxetine is used to help relieve nerve pain (peripheral neuropathy) in people with diabetes or ongoing pain due to medical conditions such as arthritis, chronic back pain, or fibromyalgia (a condition that causes widespread pain). Duloxetine may improve your mood, sleep, appetite, and energy level, and decrease nervousness. It can also decrease pain due to certain medical conditions. Duloxetine is known as a serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI). This medication works by helping to restore the balance of certain natural substances (serotonin and norepinephrine) in the brain. A thiophene derivative and selective NEUROTRANSMITTER UPTAKE INHIBITOR for SEROTONIN and NORADRENALINE (SNRI). It is an ANTIDEPRESSIVE AGENT and ANXIOLYTIC, and is also used for the treatment of pain in patients with DIABETES MELLITUS and FIBROMYALGIA. In 2023, this provider wrote 26 Medicare prescriptions for Duloxetine Hcl, about half the volume of the typical Virginia prescriber of this medication (47). Medicare paid an average of $46.10 per fill, versus $43.90 statewide. How often this provider prescribes it This provider prescribes this medication less often than the average VA prescriber. Utilization reflects practice size as well as clinical preference. What Medicare paid per fill Gross Part D cost per fill; not the patient's out-of-pocket price. 32 30-Day Fills standardized to 30-day supplies 945 Days of Medication total across all patients in 2023 | |||
| Furosemide | 23 | $4.81▼ below VA avg | ▼ Less than typical |
About Furosemide: Furosemide is used to reduce extra fluid in the body (edema) caused by conditions such as heart failure, liver disease, and kidney disease. Show more ▾ This can lessen symptoms such as shortness of breath and swelling in your arms, legs, and abdomen. This drug is also used to treat high blood pressure. Lowering high blood pressure helps prevent strokes, heart attacks, and kidney problems. Furosemide is a water pill (diuretic) that causes you to make more urine. This helps your body get rid of extra water and salt. A benzoic-sulfonamide-furan. It is a diuretic with fast onset and short duration that is used for EDEMA and chronic RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. In 2023, this provider wrote 23 Medicare prescriptions for Furosemide, about a third of the volume of the typical Virginia prescriber of this medication (77). Medicare paid an average of $4.81 per fill, versus $6.04 statewide. How often this provider prescribes it This provider prescribes this medication less often than the average VA prescriber. Utilization reflects practice size as well as clinical preference. What Medicare paid per fill This provider's average cost per fill is below the VA average for this medication. 30.2 30-Day Fills standardized to 30-day supplies 867 Days of Medication total across all patients in 2023 | |||
| Lisinopril | 22 | $5.56▼ below VA avg | ▼ Less than typical |
About Lisinopril: Lisinopril is used to treat high blood pressure. Show more ▾ Lowering high blood pressure helps prevent strokes, heart attacks, and kidney problems. It is also used to treat heart failure and to improve survival after a heart attack. Lisinopril belongs to a class of drugs known as ACE inhibitors. It works by relaxing blood vessels so blood can flow more easily. One of the ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS (ACE inhibitors), orally active, that has been used in the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure. In 2023, this provider wrote 22 Medicare prescriptions for Lisinopril, about a quarter of the volume of the typical Virginia prescriber of this medication (104). Medicare paid an average of $5.56 per fill, versus $7.24 statewide. How often this provider prescribes it This provider prescribes this medication less often than the average VA prescriber. Utilization reflects practice size as well as clinical preference. What Medicare paid per fill This provider's average cost per fill is below the VA average for this medication. 32.1 30-Day Fills standardized to 30-day supplies 964 Days of Medication total across all patients in 2023 | |||
| Pantoprazole Sodium | 21 | $7.14▼ below VA avg | ▼ Less than typical |
About Pantoprazole Sodium: Pantoprazole is used to treat certain stomach and esophagus problems (such as acid reflux). Show more ▾ It works by decreasing the amount of acid your stomach makes. This medication relieves symptoms such as heartburn, difficulty swallowing, and cough. It helps heal acid damage to the stomach and esophagus, helps prevent ulcers, and may help prevent cancer of the esophagus. Pantoprazole belongs to a class of drugs known as proton pump inhibitors (PPIs). 2-pyridinylmethylsulfinylbenzimidazole proton pump inhibitor that is used in the treatment of GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX and PEPTIC ULCER. In 2023, this provider wrote 21 Medicare prescriptions for Pantoprazole Sodium, about a third of the volume of the typical Virginia prescriber of this medication (67). Medicare paid an average of $7.14 per fill, versus $16.80 statewide. How often this provider prescribes it This provider prescribes this medication less often than the average VA prescriber. Utilization reflects practice size as well as clinical preference. What Medicare paid per fill This provider's average cost per fill is below the VA average for this medication. 23.1 30-Day Fills standardized to 30-day supplies 663 Days of Medication total across all patients in 2023 | |||
| Gabapentin | 20 | $20.46 | ▼ Less than typical |
About Gabapentin: Gabapentin is used with other medications to prevent and control seizures. Show more ▾ It is also used to relieve nerve pain following shingles (a painful rash due to herpes zoster infection) in adults. Gabapentin is known as an anticonvulsant or antiepileptic drug. A cyclohexane-gamma-aminobutyric acid derivative that is used for the treatment of PARTIAL SEIZURES; NEURALGIA; and RESTLESS LEGS SYNDROME. In 2023, this provider wrote 20 Medicare prescriptions for Gabapentin, about a quarter of the volume of the typical Virginia prescriber of this medication (89). Medicare paid an average of $20.46 per fill, versus $19.87 statewide. How often this provider prescribes it This provider prescribes this medication less often than the average VA prescriber. Utilization reflects practice size as well as clinical preference. What Medicare paid per fill Gross Part D cost per fill; not the patient's out-of-pocket price. 27.4 30-Day Fills standardized to 30-day supplies 821 Days of Medication total across all patients in 2023 | |||
| Metoprolol Succinate | 19 | $8.85▼ below VA avg | ▼ Less than typical |
About Metoprolol Succinate: This medication is a beta-blocker used to treat chest pain (angina), heart failure, and high blood pressure. Show more ▾ Lowering high blood pressure helps prevent strokes, heart attacks, and kidney problems. This drug works by blocking the action of certain natural chemicals in your body (such as epinephrine) that affect the heart and blood vessels. This lowers heart rate, blood pressure, and strain on the heart. A selective adrenergic beta-1 blocking agent that is commonly used to treat ANGINA PECTORIS; HYPERTENSION; and CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS. In 2023, this provider wrote 19 Medicare prescriptions for Metoprolol Succinate, about a quarter of the volume of the typical Virginia prescriber of this medication (85). Medicare paid an average of $8.85 per fill, versus $19.03 statewide. How often this provider prescribes it This provider prescribes this medication less often than the average VA prescriber. Utilization reflects practice size as well as clinical preference. What Medicare paid per fill This provider's average cost per fill is below the VA average for this medication. 19 30-Day Fills standardized to 30-day supplies 570 Days of Medication total across all patients in 2023 | |||
| Levothyroxine Sodium | 19 | $13.91▼ below VA avg | ▼ Less than typical |
About Levothyroxine Sodium: Levothyroxine is used to treat an underactive thyroid (hypothyroidism). Show more ▾ It replaces or provides more thyroid hormone, which is normally produced by the thyroid gland. Low thyroid hormone levels can occur naturally or when the thyroid gland is injured by radiation/medications or removed by surgery. Having enough thyroid hormone is important for maintaining normal mental and physical activity. In children, having enough thyroid hormone is important for normal mental and physical development. This medication is also used to treat other types of thyroid disorders (such as thyroid cancer). This medication should not be used to treat infertility unless it is caused by low thyroid hormone levels. The major hormone derived from the thyroid gland. Thyroxine is synthesized via the iodination of tyrosines (MONOIODOTYROSINE) and the coupling of iodotyrosines (DIIODOTYROSINE) in the THYROGLOBULIN. Thyroxine is released from thyroglobulin by proteolysis and secreted into the blood. Thyroxine is peripherally deiodinated to form TRIIODOTHYRONINE which exerts a broad spectrum of stimulatory effects on cell metabolism. In 2023, this provider wrote 19 Medicare prescriptions for Levothyroxine Sodium, about 16% of the volume of the typical Virginia prescriber of this medication (121). Medicare paid an average of $13.91 per fill, versus $16.48 statewide. How often this provider prescribes it This provider prescribes this medication less often than the average VA prescriber. Utilization reflects practice size as well as clinical preference. What Medicare paid per fill This provider's average cost per fill is below the VA average for this medication. 55.5 30-Day Fills standardized to 30-day supplies 1,665 Days of Medication total across all patients in 2023 | |||
| Baclofen | 18 | $55.95 | ▼ Less than typical |
About Baclofen: Baclofen is used to treat muscle spasms caused by certain conditions (such as multiple sclerosis, spinal cord injury/disease). Show more ▾ It works by helping to relax the muscles. A GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID derivative that is a specific agonist of GABA-B RECEPTORS. It is used in the treatment of MUSCLE SPASTICITY, especially that due to SPINAL CORD INJURIES. Its therapeutic effects result from actions at spinal and supraspinal sites, generally the reduction of excitatory transmission. In 2023, this provider wrote 18 Medicare prescriptions for Baclofen, about half the volume of the typical Virginia prescriber of this medication (35). Medicare paid an average of $55.95 per fill, versus $31.92 statewide. How often this provider prescribes it This provider prescribes this medication less often than the average VA prescriber. Utilization reflects practice size as well as clinical preference. What Medicare paid per fill Gross Part D cost per fill; not the patient's out-of-pocket price. 21.1 30-Day Fills standardized to 30-day supplies 629 Days of Medication total across all patients in 2023 | |||
| Enalapril Maleate | 16 | $9.16▼ below VA avg | ≈ Typical |
About Enalapril Maleate: Enalapril is used to treat high blood pressure. Show more ▾ Lowering high blood pressure helps prevent strokes, heart attacks, and kidney problems. It is also used to treat heart failure and to help prevent people with a certain heart problem (left ventricular dysfunction) from developing heart failure. Enalapril belongs to a class of drugs known as ACE inhibitors. It works by relaxing blood vessels so blood can flow more easily. An angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor that is used to treat HYPERTENSION and HEART FAILURE. In 2023, this provider wrote 16 Medicare prescriptions for Enalapril Maleate, about 76% of the volume of the typical Virginia prescriber of this medication (21). Medicare paid an average of $9.16 per fill, versus $21.11 statewide. How often this provider prescribes it This provider's prescribing volume for this medication is in line with the average VA prescriber. Utilization reflects practice size as well as clinical preference. What Medicare paid per fill This provider's average cost per fill is below the VA average for this medication. 24 30-Day Fills standardized to 30-day supplies 720 Days of Medication total across all patients in 2023 | |||
| ClopidogrelClopidogrel Bisulfate | 16 | $13.93▼ below VA avg | ▼ Less than typical |
About Clopidogrel: Clopidogrel is used to prevent heart attacks and strokes in persons with heart disease (recent heart attack), recent stroke, or blood circulation disease (peripheral vascular disease). Show more ▾ It is also used with aspirin to treat new/worsening chest pain (new heart attack, unstable angina) and to keep blood vessels open and prevent blood clots after certain procedures (such as cardiac stent). Clopidogrel works by blocking platelets from sticking together and prevents them from forming harmful clots. It is an antiplatelet drug. It helps keep blood flowing smoothly in your body. A ticlopidine analog and platelet purinergic P2Y receptor antagonist that inhibits adenosine diphosphate-mediated PLATELET AGGREGATION. It is used to prevent THROMBOEMBOLISM in patients with ARTERIAL OCCLUSIVE DISEASES; MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; STROKE; or ATRIAL FIBRILLATION. In 2023, this provider wrote 16 Medicare prescriptions for Clopidogrel, about a third of the volume of the typical Virginia prescriber of this medication (48). Medicare paid an average of $13.93 per fill, versus $16.56 statewide. How often this provider prescribes it This provider prescribes this medication less often than the average VA prescriber. Utilization reflects practice size as well as clinical preference. What Medicare paid per fill This provider's average cost per fill is below the VA average for this medication. 22 30-Day Fills standardized to 30-day supplies 659 Days of Medication total across all patients in 2023 | |||
| Tramadol Hcl | 16 | $8.74 | ▼ Less than typical |
About Tramadol Hcl: See also Warning section. Show more ▾ This medication is used to help relieve moderate to moderately severe pain. Tramadol belongs to a class of drugs known as opioid analgesics. It works in the brain to change how your body feels and responds to pain. A narcotic analgesic proposed for severe pain. It may be habituating. In 2023, this provider wrote 16 Medicare prescriptions for Tramadol Hcl, about a third of the volume of the typical Virginia prescriber of this medication (49). Medicare paid an average of $8.74 per fill, versus $7.70 statewide. How often this provider prescribes it This provider prescribes this medication less often than the average VA prescriber. Utilization reflects practice size as well as clinical preference. What Medicare paid per fill Gross Part D cost per fill; not the patient's out-of-pocket price. 16 30-Day Fills standardized to 30-day supplies 200 Days of Medication total across all patients in 2023 | |||
| Carbamazepine | 16 | $49.18▼ below VA avg | ≈ Typical |
About Carbamazepine: Carbamazepine is used to prevent and control seizures. Show more ▾ This medication is known as an anticonvulsant or anti-epileptic drug. It is also used to relieve certain types of nerve pain (such as trigeminal neuralgia). This medication works by reducing the spread of seizure activity in the brain and restoring the normal balance of nerve activity. A dibenzazepine that acts as a sodium channel blocker. It is used as an anticonvulsant for the treatment of grand mal and psychomotor or focal SEIZURES. It may also be used in the management of BIPOLAR DISORDER, and has analgesic properties. In 2023, this provider wrote 16 Medicare prescriptions for Carbamazepine, about 76% of the volume of the typical Virginia prescriber of this medication (21). Medicare paid an average of $49.18 per fill, versus $68.47 statewide. How often this provider prescribes it This provider's prescribing volume for this medication is in line with the average VA prescriber. Utilization reflects practice size as well as clinical preference. What Medicare paid per fill This provider's average cost per fill is below the VA average for this medication. 24.5 30-Day Fills standardized to 30-day supplies 720 Days of Medication total across all patients in 2023 | |||
| EliquisApixaban | 15 | $962.96 | ▼ Less than typical |
About Eliquis: Apixaban is used to prevent serious blood clots from forming due to a certain irregular heartbeat (atrial fibrillation) or after hip/knee replacement surgery. Show more ▾ With atrial fibrillation, part of the heart does not beat the way it should. This can lead to blood clots forming, which can travel to other parts of your body (such as the lungs or legs) or increase your risk for stroke. In the United States, apixaban is also approved to treat certain types of blood clots (deep vein thrombosis-DVT, pulmonary embolus-PE) and to prevent them from forming again. Apixaban is an anticoagulant that works by blocking certain clotting proteins in your blood. In 2023, this provider wrote 15 Medicare prescriptions for Eliquis, about a quarter of the volume of the typical Virginia prescriber of this medication (73). Medicare paid an average of $962.96 per fill, versus $843.98 statewide. How often this provider prescribes it This provider prescribes this medication less often than the average VA prescriber. Utilization reflects practice size as well as clinical preference. What Medicare paid per fill Gross Part D cost per fill; not the patient's out-of-pocket price. 23 30-Day Fills standardized to 30-day supplies 690 Days of Medication total across all patients in 2023 | |||
| Escitalopram Oxalate | 14 | $18.14 | ▼ Less than typical |
About Escitalopram Oxalate: Escitalopram is used to treat depression and anxiety. Show more ▾ It works by helping to restore the balance of a certain natural substance (serotonin) in the brain. Escitalopram belongs to a class of drugs known as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI). It may improve your energy level and feelings of well-being and decrease nervousness. S-enantiomer of CITALOPRAM. Belongs to a class of drugs known as SELECTIVE SEROTONIN REUPTAKE INHIBITORS, used to treat depression and generalized anxiety disorder. In 2023, this provider wrote 14 Medicare prescriptions for Escitalopram Oxalate, about a third of the volume of the typical Virginia prescriber of this medication (48). Medicare paid an average of $18.14 per fill, versus $16.41 statewide. How often this provider prescribes it This provider prescribes this medication less often than the average VA prescriber. Utilization reflects practice size as well as clinical preference. What Medicare paid per fill Gross Part D cost per fill; not the patient's out-of-pocket price. 30 30-Day Fills standardized to 30-day supplies 900 Days of Medication total across all patients in 2023 | |||
| Tamsulosin Hcl | 14 | $20.57 | ▼ Less than typical |
About Tamsulosin Hcl: Tamsulosin is used by men to treat the symptoms of an enlarged prostate (benign prostatic hyperplasia-BPH). Show more ▾ It does not shrink the prostate, but it works by relaxing the muscles in the prostate and the bladder. This helps to relieve symptoms of BPH such as difficulty in beginning the flow of urine, weak stream, and the need to urinate often or urgently (including during the middle of the night). Tamsulosin belongs to a class of drugs known as alpha blockers. Do not use this medication to treat high blood pressure. In 2023, this provider wrote 14 Medicare prescriptions for Tamsulosin Hcl, about 19% of the volume of the typical Virginia prescriber of this medication (72). Medicare paid an average of $20.57 per fill, versus $19.15 statewide. How often this provider prescribes it This provider prescribes this medication less often than the average VA prescriber. Utilization reflects practice size as well as clinical preference. What Medicare paid per fill Gross Part D cost per fill; not the patient's out-of-pocket price. 16.1 30-Day Fills standardized to 30-day supplies 482 Days of Medication total across all patients in 2023 | |||
| Montelukast Sodium | 14 | $6.06▼ below VA avg | ▼ Less than typical |
About Montelukast Sodium: Montelukast is used to control and prevent symptoms caused by asthma (such as wheezing and shortness of breath). Show more ▾ It is also used before exercise to prevent breathing problems during exercise (bronchospasm). This medication can help decrease the number of times you need to use your quick relief inhaler. Montelukast is also used to relieve symptoms of hay fever and allergic rhinitis (such as sneezing, stuffy/runny/itchy nose). Since there are other allergy medications that may be safer (see also Warning section), this medication should be used for this condition only when you cannot take other allergy medications or they do not work well. This medication must be used regularly to be effective. It does not work right away and should not be used to relieve sudden asthma attacks or breathing problems. If an asthma attack or sudden shortness of breath occurs, use your quick-relief inhaler as prescribed. This drug works by blocking certain natural substances (leukotrienes) that may cause or worsen asthma and allergies. It helps make breathing easier by reducing swelling (inflammation) in the airways. In 2023, this provider wrote 14 Medicare prescriptions for Montelukast Sodium, about a quarter of the volume of the typical Virginia prescriber of this medication (60). Medicare paid an average of $6.06 per fill, versus $19.90 statewide. How often this provider prescribes it This provider prescribes this medication less often than the average VA prescriber. Utilization reflects practice size as well as clinical preference. What Medicare paid per fill This provider's average cost per fill is below the VA average for this medication. 14 30-Day Fills standardized to 30-day supplies 420 Days of Medication total across all patients in 2023 | |||
| Potassium Chloride | 13 | $80.24 | ▼ Less than typical |
About Potassium Chloride: This medication is a mineral supplement used to treat or prevent low amounts of potassium in the blood. Show more ▾ A normal level of potassium in the blood is important. Potassium helps your cells, kidneys, heart, muscles, and nerves work properly. Most people get enough potassium by eating a well-balanced diet. Some conditions that can lower your body's potassium level include severe prolonged diarrhea and vomiting, hormone problems such as hyperaldosteronism, or treatment with water pills/diuretics. A white crystal or crystalline powder used in BUFFERS; FERTILIZERS; and EXPLOSIVES. It can be used to replenish ELECTROLYTES and restore WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE in treating HYPOKALEMIA. In 2023, this provider wrote 13 Medicare prescriptions for Potassium Chloride, about a quarter of the volume of the typical Virginia prescriber of this medication (56). Medicare paid an average of $80.24 per fill, versus $29.93 statewide. How often this provider prescribes it This provider prescribes this medication less often than the average VA prescriber. Utilization reflects practice size as well as clinical preference. What Medicare paid per fill Gross Part D cost per fill; not the patient's out-of-pocket price. 29.2 30-Day Fills standardized to 30-day supplies 875 Days of Medication total across all patients in 2023 | |||
| Memantine Hcl | 13 | $8.35▼ below VA avg | ▼ Less than typical |
About Memantine Hcl: Memantine is used to treat moderate to severe confusion (dementia) related to Alzheimer's disease. Show more ▾ It does not cure Alzheimer's disease, but it may improve memory, awareness, and the ability to perform daily functions. This medication works by blocking the action of a certain natural substance in the brain (glutamate) that is believed to be linked to symptoms of Alzheimer's disease. In 2023, this provider wrote 13 Medicare prescriptions for Memantine Hcl, about a quarter of the volume of the typical Virginia prescriber of this medication (47). Medicare paid an average of $8.35 per fill, versus $53.96 statewide. How often this provider prescribes it This provider prescribes this medication less often than the average VA prescriber. Utilization reflects practice size as well as clinical preference. What Medicare paid per fill This provider's average cost per fill is below the VA average for this medication. 15 30-Day Fills standardized to 30-day supplies 450 Days of Medication total across all patients in 2023 | |||
| Cephalexin | 13 | $13.09 | ▼ Less than typical |
About Cephalexin: This medication is used to treat a wide variety of bacterial infections. Show more ▾ This medication is known as a cephalosporin antibiotic. It works by stopping the growth of bacteria. This medication will not work for viral infections (such as common cold, flu). Unnecessary use or misuse of any antibiotic can lead to its decreased effectiveness. A semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic with antimicrobial activity similar to that of CEPHALORIDINE or CEPHALOTHIN, but somewhat less potent. It is effective against both gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. In 2023, this provider wrote 13 Medicare prescriptions for Cephalexin, about half the volume of the typical Virginia prescriber of this medication (28). Medicare paid an average of $13.09 per fill, versus $8.60 statewide. How often this provider prescribes it This provider prescribes this medication less often than the average VA prescriber. Utilization reflects practice size as well as clinical preference. What Medicare paid per fill Gross Part D cost per fill; not the patient's out-of-pocket price. 13 30-Day Fills standardized to 30-day supplies 113 Days of Medication total across all patients in 2023 | |||
| Azithromycin | 13 | $15.52 | ▼ Less than typical |
About Azithromycin: This medication is used to treat certain eye infections. Show more ▾ It is a macrolide antibiotic that works by stopping the growth of bacteria. This medication treats only bacterial eye infections. It will not work for other types of eye infections. Unnecessary use or misuse of any antibiotic can lead to its decreased effectiveness. A semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic structurally related to ERYTHROMYCIN. It has been used in the treatment of Mycobacterium avium intracellulare infections, toxoplasmosis, and cryptosporidiosis. In 2023, this provider wrote 13 Medicare prescriptions for Azithromycin, about a third of the volume of the typical Virginia prescriber of this medication (34). Medicare paid an average of $15.52 per fill, versus $10.12 statewide. How often this provider prescribes it This provider prescribes this medication less often than the average VA prescriber. Utilization reflects practice size as well as clinical preference. What Medicare paid per fill Gross Part D cost per fill; not the patient's out-of-pocket price. 13 30-Day Fills standardized to 30-day supplies 365 Days of Medication total across all patients in 2023 | |||
| Torsemide | 12 | $47.78 | ▼ Less than typical |
About Torsemide: Torsemide is used to reduce extra fluid in the body (edema) caused by conditions such as heart failure, liver disease, and kidney disease. Show more ▾ This can lessen symptoms such as shortness of breath and swelling in your arms, legs, and abdomen. This drug is also used to treat high blood pressure. Lowering high blood pressure helps prevent strokes, heart attacks, and kidney problems. Torsemide is a water pill (diuretic) that causes you to make more urine. This helps your body get rid of extra water and salt. A pyridine and sulfonamide derivative that acts as a sodium-potassium chloride symporter inhibitor (loop diuretic). It is used for the treatment of EDEMA associated with CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE; CHRONIC RENAL INSUFFICIENCY; and LIVER DISEASES. It is also used for the management of HYPERTENSION. In 2023, this provider wrote 12 Medicare prescriptions for Torsemide, about a third of the volume of the typical Virginia prescriber of this medication (31). Medicare paid an average of $47.78 per fill, versus $26.07 statewide. How often this provider prescribes it This provider prescribes this medication less often than the average VA prescriber. Utilization reflects practice size as well as clinical preference. What Medicare paid per fill Gross Part D cost per fill; not the patient's out-of-pocket price. 16 30-Day Fills standardized to 30-day supplies 468 Days of Medication total across all patients in 2023 | |||
| Prednisone | 12 | $7.96 | ▼ Less than typical |
About Prednisone: Prednisone is used to treat conditions such as arthritis, blood disorders, breathing problems, severe allergies, skin diseases, cancer, eye problems, and immune system disorders. Show more ▾ Prednisone belongs to a class of drugs known as corticosteroids. It decreases your immune system's response to various diseases to reduce symptoms such as swelling and allergic-type reactions. A synthetic anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid derived from CORTISONE. It is biologically inert and converted to PREDNISOLONE in the liver. In 2023, this provider wrote 12 Medicare prescriptions for Prednisone, about a quarter of the volume of the typical Virginia prescriber of this medication (47). Medicare paid an average of $7.96 per fill, versus $6.74 statewide. How often this provider prescribes it This provider prescribes this medication less often than the average VA prescriber. Utilization reflects practice size as well as clinical preference. What Medicare paid per fill Gross Part D cost per fill; not the patient's out-of-pocket price. 12 30-Day Fills standardized to 30-day supplies 360 Days of Medication total across all patients in 2023 | |||
| TradjentaLinagliptin | 12 | $683.48▼ below VA avg | ▼ Less than typical |
About Tradjenta: Linagliptin is used with a proper diet and exercise program and possibly with other medications to control high blood sugar. Show more ▾ It is used by people with type 2 diabetes. Controlling high blood sugar helps prevent kidney damage, blindness, nerve problems, loss of limbs, and sexual function problems. Proper control of diabetes may also lessen your risk of a heart attack or stroke. Linagliptin is a diabetes drug that works by increasing levels of natural substances called incretins. Incretins help to control blood sugar by increasing insulin release, especially after a meal. They also decrease the amount of sugar your liver makes. A purine and quinazoline derivative that functions as an INCRETIN and DIPEPTIDYL-PEPTIDASE IV INHIBTOR. It is used as a HYPOGLYCEMIC AGENT in the treatment of TYPE II DIABETES MELLITUS. In 2023, this provider wrote 12 Medicare prescriptions for Tradjenta, about half the volume of the typical Virginia prescriber of this medication (25). Medicare paid an average of $683.48 per fill, versus $782.11 statewide. How often this provider prescribes it This provider prescribes this medication less often than the average VA prescriber. Utilization reflects practice size as well as clinical preference. What Medicare paid per fill This provider's average cost per fill is below the VA average for this medication. 14 30-Day Fills standardized to 30-day supplies 420 Days of Medication total across all patients in 2023 | |||
| Latanoprost | 12 | $31.39 | ▼ Less than typical |
About Latanoprost: Latanoprost is used to treat high pressure inside the eye due to glaucoma (open angle type) or other eye diseases (such as ocular hypertension). Show more ▾ It is similar to a natural chemical in the body (prostaglandin) and works by regulating the flow of fluid within the eye which results in lower pressure. Lowering high pressure inside the eye helps to prevent blindness. A prostaglandin F analog used to treat OCULAR HYPERTENSION in patients with GLAUCOMA. In 2023, this provider wrote 12 Medicare prescriptions for Latanoprost, about 9% of the volume of the typical Virginia prescriber of this medication (140). Medicare paid an average of $31.39 per fill, versus $21.86 statewide. How often this provider prescribes it This provider prescribes this medication less often than the average VA prescriber. Utilization reflects practice size as well as clinical preference. What Medicare paid per fill Gross Part D cost per fill; not the patient's out-of-pocket price. 12.7 30-Day Fills standardized to 30-day supplies 325 Days of Medication total across all patients in 2023 | |||
| Metformin Hcl | 12 | $28.30 | ▼ Less than typical |
About Metformin Hcl: Metformin is used with a proper diet and exercise program and possibly with other medications to control high blood sugar. Show more ▾ It is used in patients with type 2 diabetes. Controlling high blood sugar helps prevent kidney damage, blindness, nerve problems, loss of limbs, and sexual function problems. Proper control of diabetes may also lessen your risk of a heart attack or stroke. Metformin works by helping to restore your body's proper response to the insulin you naturally produce. It also decreases the amount of sugar that your liver makes and that your stomach/intestines absorb. A biguanide hypoglycemic agent used in the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus not responding to dietary modification. Metformin improves glycemic control by improving insulin sensitivity and decreasing intestinal absorption of glucose. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p289) In 2023, this provider wrote 12 Medicare prescriptions for Metformin Hcl, about 14% of the volume of the typical Virginia prescriber of this medication (86). Medicare paid an average of $28.30 per fill, versus $8.11 statewide. How often this provider prescribes it This provider prescribes this medication less often than the average VA prescriber. Utilization reflects practice size as well as clinical preference. What Medicare paid per fill Gross Part D cost per fill; not the patient's out-of-pocket price. 16 30-Day Fills standardized to 30-day supplies 480 Days of Medication total across all patients in 2023 | |||
| Amlodipine Besylate | 12 | $5.32▼ below VA avg | ▼ Less than typical |
About Amlodipine Besylate: Amlodipine is used with or without other medications to treat high blood pressure. Show more ▾ Lowering high blood pressure helps prevent strokes, heart attacks, and kidney problems. Amlodipine belongs to a class of drugs known as calcium channel blockers. It works by relaxing blood vessels so blood can flow more easily. Amlodipine is also used to prevent certain types of chest pain (angina). It may help to increase your ability to exercise and decrease the frequency of angina attacks. It should not be used to treat attacks of chest pain when they occur. Use other medications (such as sublingual nitroglycerin) to relieve attacks of chest pain as directed by your doctor. A long-acting dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker. It is effective in the treatment of ANGINA PECTORIS and HYPERTENSION. In 2023, this provider wrote 12 Medicare prescriptions for Amlodipine Besylate, about 9% of the volume of the typical Virginia prescriber of this medication (130). Medicare paid an average of $5.32 per fill, versus $7.73 statewide. How often this provider prescribes it This provider prescribes this medication less often than the average VA prescriber. Utilization reflects practice size as well as clinical preference. What Medicare paid per fill This provider's average cost per fill is below the VA average for this medication. 30 30-Day Fills standardized to 30-day supplies 900 Days of Medication total across all patients in 2023 | |||
| Ezetimibe-SimvastatinEzetimibe/Simvastatin | 12 | $28.74▼ below VA avg | ≈ Typical |
About Ezetimibe-Simvastatin: This combination medication is used along with a proper diet to help lower bad cholesterol and fats (such as LDL, triglycerides) and raise good cholesterol (HDL) in the blood. Show more ▾ Ezetimibe works by reducing the amount of cholesterol your body absorbs from your diet. Simvastatin belongs to a group of drugs known as statins. It works by reducing the amount of cholesterol made by the liver. In addition to eating a proper diet (such as a low-cholesterol/low-fat diet), other lifestyle changes that may help this medication work better include exercising, losing weight if overweight, and stopping smoking. Consult your doctor for more details. Lowering bad cholesterol and triglycerides and raising good cholesterol decreases the risk of heart disease and helps prevent strokes and heart attacks. A pharmaceutical preparation of ezetimibe and simvastatin that is used in the treatment of HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA and HYPERLIPIDEMIAS. In 2023, this provider wrote 12 Medicare prescriptions for Ezetimibe-Simvastatin, about 80% of the volume of the typical Virginia prescriber of this medication (15). Medicare paid an average of $28.74 per fill, versus $137.87 statewide. How often this provider prescribes it This provider's prescribing volume for this medication is in line with the average VA prescriber. Utilization reflects practice size as well as clinical preference. What Medicare paid per fill This provider's average cost per fill is below the VA average for this medication. 12 30-Day Fills standardized to 30-day supplies 360 Days of Medication total across all patients in 2023 | |||
| Fluticasone Propionate | 11 | $16.16▼ below VA avg | ▼ Less than typical |
About Fluticasone Propionate: Fluticasone is used to control and prevent symptoms (such as wheezing and shortness of breath) caused by asthma. Show more ▾ Controlling symptoms of asthma helps you maintain your normal activities and decreases time lost from work or school. Fluticasone belongs to a class of drugs known as corticosteroids. It works by reducing swelling (inflammation) of the airways in the lungs to make breathing easier. This medication must be used regularly to be effective. It does not work right away and should not be used to relieve sudden asthma attacks. If an asthma attack occurs, use your quick-relief inhaler (such as albuterol, also called salbutamol in some countries) as prescribed. A STEROID with GLUCOCORTICOID RECEPTOR activity that is used to manage the symptoms of ASTHMA; ALLERGIC RHINITIS, and ATOPIC DERMATITIS. In 2023, this provider wrote 11 Medicare prescriptions for Fluticasone Propionate, about a quarter of the volume of the typical Virginia prescriber of this medication (45). Medicare paid an average of $16.16 per fill, versus $17.38 statewide. How often this provider prescribes it This provider prescribes this medication less often than the average VA prescriber. Utilization reflects practice size as well as clinical preference. What Medicare paid per fill This provider's average cost per fill is below the VA average for this medication. 14 30-Day Fills standardized to 30-day supplies 420 Days of Medication total across all patients in 2023 | |||
| Easy Touch Alcohol Prep PadsAlcohol Antiseptic Pads | 11 | $12.18 | ≈ Typical |
In 2023, this provider wrote 11 Medicare prescriptions for Easy Touch Alcohol Prep Pads, about 79% of the volume of the typical Virginia prescriber of this medication (14). Medicare paid an average of $12.18 per fill, versus $6.76 statewide. How often this provider prescribes it This provider's prescribing volume for this medication is in line with the average VA prescriber. Utilization reflects practice size as well as clinical preference. What Medicare paid per fill Gross Part D cost per fill; not the patient's out-of-pocket price. 16.3 30-Day Fills standardized to 30-day supplies 490 Days of Medication total across all patients in 2023 | |||
| Trazodone Hcl | 11 | $8.06▼ below VA avg | ▼ Less than typical |
About Trazodone Hcl: This medication is used to treat depression. Show more ▾ It may help to improve your mood, appetite, and energy level as well as decrease anxiety and insomnia related to depression. Trazodone works by helping to restore the balance of a certain natural chemical (serotonin) in the brain. In 2023, this provider wrote 11 Medicare prescriptions for Trazodone Hcl, about 18% of the volume of the typical Virginia prescriber of this medication (60). Medicare paid an average of $8.06 per fill, versus $12.68 statewide. How often this provider prescribes it This provider prescribes this medication less often than the average VA prescriber. Utilization reflects practice size as well as clinical preference. What Medicare paid per fill This provider's average cost per fill is below the VA average for this medication. 21 30-Day Fills standardized to 30-day supplies 622 Days of Medication total across all patients in 2023 | |||
About this data. The prescription history for SHIRLEY CONSTANTINO is compiled from the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) Medicare Part D Prescriber Public Use File for calendar year 2023, the most recent federal release. Figures cover prescriptions filled for Medicare Part D beneficiaries only; prescriptions under private insurance, Medicaid, or self-pay plans are not included. Because prescribing decisions are generally consistent across coverage types, this record offers a useful view of the overall Primary Care prescribing approach at this Richmond, VA practice.
Reading the costs. Drug costs are gross amounts paid to pharmacies under Part D, including both plan and beneficiary payments. They are not the price a patient pays at the pharmacy counter. Medications with fewer than 11 claims are excluded from the federal source data, and state comparisons use the average volume among VA prescribers of the same medication. Always confirm current medications and costs directly with the provider and your plan.
