DR. GLENN A. LADINSKY M.D., PH.D.
Prescription History 1467409607
Internal Medicine - Nephrology in Upland, PA

Active since May 30, 2006PECOS EnrolledAccepts Medicare Assignment
30 MEDICAL CENTER BLVD, SUITE 303, UPLAND, PA 19013(610) 872-8501(610) 872-5188 Get Directions

NPPES record last updated: August 21, 2015. Verified against the NPPES registry weekly; last sync: October 18, 2026.

Medicare Part D Prescription History

Explore the verified Medicare Part D prescription history, volume metrics, and calculated drug costs for DR. GLENN A. LADINSKY M.D., PH.D., an active Nephrology specialist practicing in Upland, PA. Our medical registry currently tracks 17 unique pharmaceutical formulations prescribed by this provider, representing an estimated volume of 841 documented patient claims. Among these therapy options, the most frequently utilized medication is Calcitriol, which accounts for 127 claims alone. Use the table below to sort by claims, cost, or utilization compared with the state average; select any medication for its full profile.

17
Medications
841
Total Claims
2,033
30-Day Fills
Calcitriol
Most Prescribed · 127 claims
View details
17 medications · 2024 Medicare Part D
Medicare Part D medications prescribed by DR. GLENN A. LADINSKY M.D., PH.D. in 2024, with prescription volumes, average cost per fill, and PA state comparisons
Medication Prescriptions (2024)Rx (2024) Avg Cost per FillCost / Fill Vs. Other PA PrescribersVs. PA Avg

About Calcitriol: Calcitriol is a man-made active form of vitamin D. Show more ▾

Most people get enough vitamin D from exposure to the sun and from fortified food products (such as dairy products, vitamins). Vitamin D helps control parathyroid hormone and the levels of certain minerals (such as calcium, phosphorus) that are needed for building and keeping strong bones. Before regular vitamin D can be used by the body, it needs to be changed to the active form by the liver and kidneys. Calcitriol is used in patients with kidney disease who can't make enough of the active form of Vitamin D. This medication is also used to prevent and treat certain types of calcium/phosphorus/parathyroid problems that can happen with long-term kidney dialysis or hypoparathyroidism. Calcitriol is usually used along with specific diet recommendations and sometimes other medications. The physiologically active form of vitamin D. It is formed primarily in the kidney by enzymatic hydroxylation of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (CALCIFEDIOL). Its production is stimulated by low blood calcium levels and parathyroid hormone. Calcitriol increases intestinal absorption of calcium and phosphorus, and in concert with parathyroid hormone increases bone resorption.

In 2024, this provider wrote 127 Medicare prescriptions for Calcitriol, about 2.6 times the volume of the typical Pennsylvania prescriber of this medication (48.2). Medicare paid an average of $14.23 per fill, versus $16.44 statewide.

How often this provider prescribes it

This provider
127
PA average
48.2

This provider prescribes this medication more often than the average PA prescriber. Utilization reflects practice size as well as clinical preference.

What Medicare paid per fill

This provider
$14.23
PA average
$16.44

This provider's average cost per fill is below the PA average for this medication.

326.4
30-Day Fills
standardized to 30-day supplies
9,734
Days of Medication
total across all patients in 2024

About Amlodipine Besylate: Amlodipine is used with or without other medications to treat high blood pressure. Show more ▾

Lowering high blood pressure helps prevent strokes, heart attacks, and kidney problems. Amlodipine belongs to a class of drugs known as calcium channel blockers. It works by relaxing blood vessels so blood can flow more easily. Amlodipine is also used to prevent certain types of chest pain (angina). It may help to increase your ability to exercise and decrease the frequency of angina attacks. It should not be used to treat attacks of chest pain when they occur. Use other medications (such as sublingual nitroglycerin) to relieve attacks of chest pain as directed by your doctor. A long-acting dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker. It is effective in the treatment of ANGINA PECTORIS and HYPERTENSION.

In 2024, this provider wrote 118 Medicare prescriptions for Amlodipine Besylate, about 77% of the volume of the typical Pennsylvania prescriber of this medication (154.1). Medicare paid an average of $8.49 per fill, versus $6.63 statewide.

How often this provider prescribes it

This provider
118
PA average
154.1

This provider's prescribing volume for this medication is in line with the average PA prescriber. Utilization reflects practice size as well as clinical preference.

What Medicare paid per fill

This provider
$8.49
PA average
$6.63

Gross Part D cost per fill; not the patient's out-of-pocket price.

316
30-Day Fills
standardized to 30-day supplies
9,480
Days of Medication
total across all patients in 2024

About Calcium Acetate: Calcium acetate is used to prevent high blood phosphate levels in patients who are on dialysis due to severe kidney disease. Show more ▾

Dialysis removes some phosphate from your blood, but it is difficult to remove enough to keep your phosphate levels balanced. Decreasing blood phosphate levels can help keep your bones strong, prevent unsafe buildup of minerals in your body, and possibly decrease the risk of heart disease and strokes that can result from high phosphate levels. Calcium acetate is a natural mineral that works by holding onto phosphate from the diet so that it can pass out of your body. A principal compound used as phosphate binders in patients with chronic renal failure; used like sevelamer.

In 2024, this provider wrote 100 Medicare prescriptions for Calcium Acetate, about 2.9 times the volume of the typical Pennsylvania prescriber of this medication (34.7). Medicare paid an average of $62.06 per fill, versus $57.54 statewide.

How often this provider prescribes it

This provider
100
PA average
34.7

This provider prescribes this medication more often than the average PA prescriber. Utilization reflects practice size as well as clinical preference.

What Medicare paid per fill

This provider
$62.06
PA average
$57.54

Gross Part D cost per fill; not the patient's out-of-pocket price.

157
30-Day Fills
standardized to 30-day supplies
3,905
Days of Medication
total across all patients in 2024

About Losartan Potassium: Losartan is used to treat high blood pressure (hypertension) and to help protect the kidneys from damage due to diabetes. Show more ▾

It is also used to lower the risk of strokes in patients with high blood pressure and an enlarged heart. Lowering high blood pressure helps prevent strokes, heart attacks, and kidney problems. Losartan belongs to a class of drugs called angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs). It works by relaxing blood vessels so that blood can flow more easily. An antagonist of ANGIOTENSIN TYPE 1 RECEPTOR with antihypertensive activity due to the reduced pressor effect of ANGIOTENSIN II.

In 2024, this provider wrote 91 Medicare prescriptions for Losartan Potassium, about 81% of the volume of the typical Pennsylvania prescriber of this medication (112.8). Medicare paid an average of $7.97 per fill, versus $11.18 statewide.

How often this provider prescribes it

This provider
91
PA average
112.8

This provider's prescribing volume for this medication is in line with the average PA prescriber. Utilization reflects practice size as well as clinical preference.

What Medicare paid per fill

This provider
$7.97
PA average
$11.18

This provider's average cost per fill is below the PA average for this medication.

213.9
30-Day Fills
standardized to 30-day supplies
6,418
Days of Medication
total across all patients in 2024

About Doxazosin Mesylate: Doxazosin is used alone or with other drugs to treat high blood pressure (hypertension). Show more ▾

Lowering high blood pressure helps prevent strokes, heart attacks, and kidney problems. This medication works by relaxing blood vessels so blood can flow more easily. Doxazosin is also used in men to treat the symptoms of an enlarged prostate (benign prostatic hyperplasia-BPH). It does not shrink the prostate, but it works by relaxing the muscles in the prostate and part of the bladder. This helps to relieve symptoms of BPH such as difficulty in beginning the flow of urine, weak stream, and the need to urinate often or urgently (including during the middle of the night). Doxazosin belongs to a class of drugs known as alpha blockers. A prazosin-related compound that is a selective alpha-1-adrenergic blocker.

In 2024, this provider wrote 60 Medicare prescriptions for Doxazosin Mesylate, about 2.2 times the volume of the typical Pennsylvania prescriber of this medication (27.6). Medicare paid an average of $16.13 per fill, versus $17.84 statewide.

How often this provider prescribes it

This provider
60
PA average
27.6

This provider prescribes this medication more often than the average PA prescriber. Utilization reflects practice size as well as clinical preference.

What Medicare paid per fill

This provider
$16.13
PA average
$17.84

This provider's average cost per fill is below the PA average for this medication.

149.8
30-Day Fills
standardized to 30-day supplies
4,495
Days of Medication
total across all patients in 2024

About Hydralazine Hcl: Hydralazine is used with or without other medications to treat high blood pressure. Show more ▾

Lowering high blood pressure helps prevent strokes, heart attacks, and kidney problems. Hydralazine is called a vasodilator. It works by relaxing blood vessels so blood can flow through the body more easily. A direct-acting vasodilator that is used as an antihypertensive agent.

In 2024, this provider wrote 54 Medicare prescriptions for Hydralazine Hcl, about 1.4 times the volume of the typical Pennsylvania prescriber of this medication (38.4). Medicare paid an average of $14.28 per fill, versus $14.46 statewide.

How often this provider prescribes it

This provider
54
PA average
38.4

This provider prescribes this medication more often than the average PA prescriber. Utilization reflects practice size as well as clinical preference.

What Medicare paid per fill

This provider
$14.28
PA average
$14.46

This provider's average cost per fill is below the PA average for this medication.

134
30-Day Fills
standardized to 30-day supplies
4,020
Days of Medication
total across all patients in 2024

About Atorvastatin Calcium: Atorvastatin is used along with a proper diet to help lower "bad" cholesterol and fats (such as LDL, triglycerides) and raise "good" cholesterol (HDL) in the blood. Show more ▾

It belongs to a group of drugs known as "statins." It works by reducing the amount of cholesterol made by the liver. Lowering "bad" cholesterol and triglycerides and raising "good" cholesterol decreases the risk of heart disease and helps prevent strokes and heart attacks. In addition to eating a proper diet (such as a low-cholesterol/low-fat diet), other lifestyle changes that may help this medication work better include exercising, losing weight if overweight, and stopping smoking. Consult your doctor for more details. A pyrrole and heptanoic acid derivative, HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL-COA REDUCTASE INHIBITOR (statin), and ANTICHOLESTEREMIC AGENT that is used to reduce serum levels of LDL-CHOLESTEROL; APOLIPOPROTEIN B; and TRIGLYCERIDES. It is used to increase serum levels of HDL-CHOLESTEROL in the treatment of HYPERLIPIDEMIAS, and for the prevention of CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES in patients with multiple risk factors.

In 2024, this provider wrote 48 Medicare prescriptions for Atorvastatin Calcium, about a quarter of the volume of the typical Pennsylvania prescriber of this medication (216.6). Medicare paid an average of $16.23 per fill, versus $12.25 statewide.

How often this provider prescribes it

This provider
48
PA average
216.6

This provider prescribes this medication less often than the average PA prescriber. Utilization reflects practice size as well as clinical preference.

What Medicare paid per fill

This provider
$16.23
PA average
$12.25

Gross Part D cost per fill; not the patient's out-of-pocket price.

132
30-Day Fills
standardized to 30-day supplies
3,960
Days of Medication
total across all patients in 2024

About Bumetanide: Bumetanide is used to reduce extra fluid in the body (edema) caused by conditions such as heart failure, liver disease, and kidney disease. Show more ▾

This can lessen symptoms such as shortness of breath and swelling in your arms, legs, and abdomen. Bumetanide is a "water pill" (diuretic) that causes you to make more urine. This helps your body get rid of extra water and salt. A sulfamyl diuretic.

In 2024, this provider wrote 38 Medicare prescriptions for Bumetanide, about the same volume as the typical Pennsylvania prescriber of this medication (38.9). Medicare paid an average of $29.58 per fill, versus $31.17 statewide.

How often this provider prescribes it

This provider
38
PA average
38.9

This provider's prescribing volume for this medication is in line with the average PA prescriber. Utilization reflects practice size as well as clinical preference.

What Medicare paid per fill

This provider
$29.58
PA average
$31.17

This provider's average cost per fill is below the PA average for this medication.

85
30-Day Fills
standardized to 30-day supplies
2,550
Days of Medication
total across all patients in 2024

About Nifedipine Er: Nifedipine is used alone or in combination with other drugs to treat high blood pressure (hypertension). Show more ▾

Lowering high blood pressure helps prevent strokes, heart attacks, and kidney problems. This medication is also used for certain types of chest pain (angina). It may help increase your ability to exercise and decrease the frequency of chest pain attacks. It should not be used to treat chest pain when it occurs. Use other medications (such as sublingual nitroglycerin) to relieve attacks of chest pain as directed by your doctor. Consult your doctor or pharmacist for more details. This medication is known as a calcium channel blocker. It works by relaxing and widening blood vessels so blood can flow more easily. A potent vasodilator agent with calcium antagonistic action. It is a useful anti-anginal agent that also lowers blood pressure.

In 2024, this provider wrote 38 Medicare prescriptions for Nifedipine Er, about 1.2 times the volume of the typical Pennsylvania prescriber of this medication (32.1). Medicare paid an average of $24.80 per fill, versus $26.95 statewide.

How often this provider prescribes it

This provider
38
PA average
32.1

This provider's prescribing volume for this medication is in line with the average PA prescriber. Utilization reflects practice size as well as clinical preference.

What Medicare paid per fill

This provider
$24.80
PA average
$26.95

This provider's average cost per fill is below the PA average for this medication.

88
30-Day Fills
standardized to 30-day supplies
2,640
Days of Medication
total across all patients in 2024

About Farxiga: Dapagliflozin is used with a proper diet and exercise program to control high blood sugar in people with type 2 diabetes. Show more ▾

Controlling high blood sugar helps prevent kidney damage, blindness, nerve problems, loss of limbs, and sexual function problems. Proper control of diabetes may also lessen your risk of a heart attack or stroke. This medication is also used in people with type 2 diabetes and heart disease to lower the risk of going to the hospital for heart failure. Dapagliflozin works by increasing the removal of sugar by your kidneys. Dapagliflozin is also used to treat kidney disease and heart failure. It helps to lower the risk of death from heart disease and reduces the need of going to a doctor or hospital to treat heart failure. Dapagliflozin works by increasing the removal of sodium by your kidneys.

In 2024, this provider wrote 30 Medicare prescriptions for Farxiga, about 74% of the volume of the typical Pennsylvania prescriber of this medication (40.7). Medicare paid an average of $1,281.43 per fill, versus $877.86 statewide.

How often this provider prescribes it

This provider
30
PA average
40.7

This provider prescribes this medication less often than the average PA prescriber. Utilization reflects practice size as well as clinical preference.

What Medicare paid per fill

This provider
$1,281.43
PA average
$877.86

Gross Part D cost per fill; not the patient's out-of-pocket price.

68.7
30-Day Fills
standardized to 30-day supplies
2,060
Days of Medication
total across all patients in 2024

About Hydrochlorothiazide: This medication is used to treat high blood pressure. Show more ▾

Lowering high blood pressure helps prevent strokes, heart attacks, and kidney problems. Hydrochlorothiazide belongs to a class of drugs known as diuretics/"water pills." It works by causing you to make more urine. This helps your body get rid of extra salt and water. This medication also reduces extra fluid in the body (edema) caused by conditions such as heart failure, liver disease, or kidney disease. This can lessen symptoms such as shortness of breath or swelling in your ankles or feet. A thiazide diuretic often considered the prototypical member of this class. It reduces the reabsorption of electrolytes from the renal tubules. This results in increased excretion of water and electrolytes, including sodium, potassium, chloride, and magnesium. It is used in the treatment of several disorders including edema, hypertension, diabetes insipidus, and hypoparathyroidism.

In 2024, this provider wrote 29 Medicare prescriptions for Hydrochlorothiazide, about a third of the volume of the typical Pennsylvania prescriber of this medication (78.1). Medicare paid an average of $8.57 per fill, versus $4.25 statewide.

How often this provider prescribes it

This provider
29
PA average
78.1

This provider prescribes this medication less often than the average PA prescriber. Utilization reflects practice size as well as clinical preference.

What Medicare paid per fill

This provider
$8.57
PA average
$4.25

Gross Part D cost per fill; not the patient's out-of-pocket price.

85.7
30-Day Fills
standardized to 30-day supplies
2,570
Days of Medication
total across all patients in 2024

About Valsartan: Valsartan is used to treat high blood pressure and heart failure. Show more ▾

It is also used to improve the chance of living longer after a heart attack. In people with heart failure, it may also lower the chance of having to go to the hospital for heart failure. Valsartan belongs to a class of drugs called angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs). It works by relaxing blood vessels so that blood can flow more easily. Lowering high blood pressure helps prevent strokes, heart attacks, and kidney problems. A tetrazole derivative and ANGIOTENSIN II TYPE 1 RECEPTOR BLOCKER that is used to treat HYPERTENSION.

In 2024, this provider wrote 25 Medicare prescriptions for Valsartan, about half the volume of the typical Pennsylvania prescriber of this medication (43.2). Medicare paid an average of $27.45 per fill, versus $31.35 statewide.

How often this provider prescribes it

This provider
25
PA average
43.2

This provider prescribes this medication less often than the average PA prescriber. Utilization reflects practice size as well as clinical preference.

What Medicare paid per fill

This provider
$27.45
PA average
$31.35

This provider's average cost per fill is below the PA average for this medication.

75
30-Day Fills
standardized to 30-day supplies
2,250
Days of Medication
total across all patients in 2024

About Metoprolol Succinate: This medication is a beta-blocker used to treat chest pain (angina), heart failure, and high blood pressure. Show more ▾

Lowering high blood pressure helps prevent strokes, heart attacks, and kidney problems. This drug works by blocking the action of certain natural chemicals in your body (such as epinephrine) that affect the heart and blood vessels. This lowers heart rate, blood pressure, and strain on the heart. A selective adrenergic beta-1 blocking agent that is commonly used to treat ANGINA PECTORIS; HYPERTENSION; and CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS.

In 2024, this provider wrote 21 Medicare prescriptions for Metoprolol Succinate, about 16% of the volume of the typical Pennsylvania prescriber of this medication (127.4). Medicare paid an average of $19.48 per fill, versus $15.71 statewide.

How often this provider prescribes it

This provider
21
PA average
127.4

This provider prescribes this medication less often than the average PA prescriber. Utilization reflects practice size as well as clinical preference.

What Medicare paid per fill

This provider
$19.48
PA average
$15.71

Gross Part D cost per fill; not the patient's out-of-pocket price.

63
30-Day Fills
standardized to 30-day supplies
1,890
Days of Medication
total across all patients in 2024

About Carvedilol: Carvedilol is used to treat high blood pressure and heart failure. Show more ▾

It is also used after a heart attack to improve the chance of survival if your heart is not pumping well. Lowering high blood pressure helps prevent strokes, heart attacks, and kidney problems. This drug works by blocking the action of certain natural substances in your body, such as epinephrine, on the heart and blood vessels. This effect lowers your heart rate, blood pressure, and strain on your heart. Carvedilol belongs to a class of drugs known as alpha and beta blockers. A carbazole and propanol derivative that acts as a non-cardioselective beta blocker and vasodilator. It has blocking activity for ALPHA 1 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS and, at higher doses, may function as a blocker of CALCIUM CHANNELS; it also has antioxidant properties. Carvedilol is used in the treatment of HYPERTENSION; ANGINA PECTORIS; and HEART FAILURE. It can also reduce the risk of death following MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.

In 2024, this provider wrote 19 Medicare prescriptions for Carvedilol, about a third of the volume of the typical Pennsylvania prescriber of this medication (64.5). Medicare paid an average of $6.16 per fill, versus $9.50 statewide.

How often this provider prescribes it

This provider
19
PA average
64.5

This provider prescribes this medication less often than the average PA prescriber. Utilization reflects practice size as well as clinical preference.

What Medicare paid per fill

This provider
$6.16
PA average
$9.50

This provider's average cost per fill is below the PA average for this medication.

39
30-Day Fills
standardized to 30-day supplies
1,170
Days of Medication
total across all patients in 2024

About Torsemide: Torsemide is used to reduce extra fluid in the body (edema) caused by conditions such as heart failure, liver disease, and kidney disease. Show more ▾

This can lessen symptoms such as shortness of breath and swelling in your arms, legs, and abdomen. This drug is also used to treat high blood pressure. Lowering high blood pressure helps prevent strokes, heart attacks, and kidney problems. Torsemide is a "water pill" (diuretic) that causes you to make more urine. This helps your body get rid of extra water and salt. A pyridine and sulfonamide derivative that acts as a sodium-potassium chloride symporter inhibitor (loop diuretic). It is used for the treatment of EDEMA associated with CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE; CHRONIC RENAL INSUFFICIENCY; and LIVER DISEASES. It is also used for the management of HYPERTENSION.

In 2024, this provider wrote 19 Medicare prescriptions for Torsemide, about half the volume of the typical Pennsylvania prescriber of this medication (42.4). Medicare paid an average of $12.40 per fill, versus $17.84 statewide.

How often this provider prescribes it

This provider
19
PA average
42.4

This provider prescribes this medication less often than the average PA prescriber. Utilization reflects practice size as well as clinical preference.

What Medicare paid per fill

This provider
$12.40
PA average
$17.84

This provider's average cost per fill is below the PA average for this medication.

57
30-Day Fills
standardized to 30-day supplies
1,710
Days of Medication
total across all patients in 2024

About Prednisone: Prednisone is used to treat conditions such as arthritis, blood disorders, breathing problems, severe allergies, skin diseases, cancer, eye problems, and immune system disorders. Show more ▾

Prednisone belongs to a class of drugs known as corticosteroids. It decreases your immune system's response to various diseases to reduce symptoms such as swelling and allergic-type reactions. A synthetic anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid derived from CORTISONE. It is biologically inert and converted to PREDNISOLONE in the liver.

In 2024, this provider wrote 13 Medicare prescriptions for Prednisone, about a quarter of the volume of the typical Pennsylvania prescriber of this medication (49.6). Medicare paid an average of $4.73 per fill, versus $4.09 statewide.

How often this provider prescribes it

This provider
13
PA average
49.6

This provider prescribes this medication less often than the average PA prescriber. Utilization reflects practice size as well as clinical preference.

What Medicare paid per fill

This provider
$4.73
PA average
$4.09

Gross Part D cost per fill; not the patient's out-of-pocket price.

21
30-Day Fills
standardized to 30-day supplies
601
Days of Medication
total across all patients in 2024

About Potassium Chloride: This medication is a mineral supplement used to treat or prevent low amounts of potassium in the blood. Show more ▾

A normal level of potassium in the blood is important. Potassium helps your cells, kidneys, heart, muscles, and nerves work properly. Most people get enough potassium by eating a well-balanced diet. Some conditions that can lower your body's potassium level include severe prolonged diarrhea and vomiting, hormone problems such as hyperaldosteronism, or treatment with "water pills"/diuretics. A white crystal or crystalline powder used in BUFFERS; FERTILIZERS; and EXPLOSIVES. It can be used to replenish ELECTROLYTES and restore WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE in treating HYPOKALEMIA.

In 2024, this provider wrote 11 Medicare prescriptions for Potassium Chloride, about 16% of the volume of the typical Pennsylvania prescriber of this medication (68.7). Medicare paid an average of $28.24 per fill, versus $22.50 statewide.

How often this provider prescribes it

This provider
11
PA average
68.7

This provider prescribes this medication less often than the average PA prescriber. Utilization reflects practice size as well as clinical preference.

What Medicare paid per fill

This provider
$28.24
PA average
$22.50

Gross Part D cost per fill; not the patient's out-of-pocket price.

21
30-Day Fills
standardized to 30-day supplies
614
Days of Medication
total across all patients in 2024
No medications match the current filters.
= the 5 medications this provider prescribes most.▲ More than typical≈ Typical▼ Less than typical= prescription volume vs the average PA prescriber of the same medication; volume reflects practice size as well as clinical preference.Green cost= below the PA average cost per fill.

About this data. The prescription history for DR. GLENN A. LADINSKY M.D., PH.D. is compiled from the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) Medicare Part D Prescriber Public Use File for calendar year 2024, the most recent federal release. Figures cover prescriptions filled for Medicare Part D beneficiaries only; prescriptions under private insurance, Medicaid, or self-pay plans are not included. Because prescribing decisions are generally consistent across coverage types, this record offers a useful view of the overall Nephrology prescribing approach at this Upland, PA practice.

Reading the costs. Drug costs are gross amounts paid to pharmacies under Part D, including both plan and beneficiary payments. They are not the price a patient pays at the pharmacy counter. Medications with fewer than 11 claims are excluded from the federal source data, and state comparisons use the average among PA prescribers of the same medication and form, shown only when at least five prescribers contribute. Always confirm current medications and costs directly with the provider and your plan.

About the medication summaries. Drug use descriptions come from the CMS Medicare Part D Drug Spending Dashboard (2024), and substance definitions from Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) 2026, U.S. National Library of Medicine. They are summaries that do not contain all possible information about a medication and are not individual medical advice. Ask a health care professional about any medication and your specific health needs.