DR. LAURIE JO SPARR DNP, APRN, FNP-C
Prescription History 1447766621
Nurse Practitioner - Psychiatric/Mental Health in Granite City, IL
Medicare Part D Prescription History
Explore the verified Medicare Part D prescription history, volume metrics, and calculated drug costs for DR. LAURIE JO SPARR DNP, APRN, FNP-C, an active Psychiatric/Mental Health specialist practicing in Granite City, IL. Our medical registry currently tracks 39 unique pharmaceutical formulations prescribed by this provider, representing an estimated volume of 1,453 documented patient claims. Among these therapy options, the most frequently utilized medication is Trazodone Hcl, which accounts for 133 claims alone. Use the table below to sort by claims, cost, or utilization compared with the state average; select any medication for its full profile.
| Medication | Prescriptions (2024)Rx (2024) | Avg Cost per FillCost / Fill | Vs. Other IL PrescribersVs. IL Avg |
|---|---|---|---|
| Trazodone Hcl | 133 | $8.40▼ below IL avg | ▲ More than typical |
About Trazodone Hcl: This medication is used to treat depression. Show more ▾ Trazodone works by helping to restore the balance of a certain natural substance (serotonin) in the brain. A serotonin uptake inhibitor that is used as an antidepressive agent. It has been shown to be effective in patients with major depressive disorders and other subsets of depressive disorders. It is generally more useful in depressive disorders associated with insomnia and anxiety. This drug does not aggravate psychotic symptoms in patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorders. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p309) In 2024, this provider wrote 133 Medicare prescriptions for Trazodone Hcl, about 2.1 times the volume of the typical Illinois prescriber of this medication (63.3). Medicare paid an average of $8.40 per fill, versus $8.47 statewide. How often this provider prescribes it This provider prescribes this medication more often than the average IL prescriber. Utilization reflects practice size as well as clinical preference. What Medicare paid per fill This provider's average cost per fill is below the IL average for this medication. 141 30-Day Fills standardized to 30-day supplies 3,929 Days of Medication total across all patients in 2024 | |||
| Quetiapine Fumarate | 90 | $15.25▼ below IL avg | ▲ More than typical |
About Quetiapine Fumarate: This medication is used to treat certain mental/mood disorders (such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, sudden episodes of mania or depression associated with bipolar disorder). Show more ▾ Quetiapine belongs to a class of drugs known as atypical antipsychotics. It works by helping to restore the balance of certain natural substances in the brain. A dibenzothiazepine and ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENT that targets the SEROTONIN 5-HT2 RECEPTOR; HISTAMINE H1 RECEPTOR, adrenergic alpha1 and alpha2 receptors, as well as the DOPAMINE D1 RECEPTOR and DOPAMINE D2 RECEPTOR. It is used in the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA; BIPOLAR DISORDER and DEPRESSIVE DISORDER. In 2024, this provider wrote 90 Medicare prescriptions for Quetiapine Fumarate, about 1.3 times the volume of the typical Illinois prescriber of this medication (69.3). Medicare paid an average of $15.25 per fill, versus $17.32 statewide. How often this provider prescribes it This provider prescribes this medication more often than the average IL prescriber. Utilization reflects practice size as well as clinical preference. What Medicare paid per fill This provider's average cost per fill is below the IL average for this medication. 92.5 30-Day Fills standardized to 30-day supplies 2,474 Days of Medication total across all patients in 2024 | |||
| Olanzapine | 82 | $14.66▼ below IL avg | ▲ More than typical |
About Olanzapine: This medication is used to treat certain mental/mood disorders (such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder). Show more ▾ It may also be used in combination with other medication to treat depression. Olanzapine belongs to a class of drugs known as atypical antipsychotics. It works by helping to restore the balance of certain natural substances in the brain. Talk to the doctor about the risks and benefits of treatment (especially when used by teenagers). See also Precautions section. A benzodiazepine derivative that binds SEROTONIN RECEPTORS; MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS; HISTAMINE H1 RECEPTORS; ADRENERGIC ALPHA-1 RECEPTORS; and DOPAMINE RECEPTORS. It is an antipsychotic agent used in the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA; BIPOLAR DISORDER; and MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER; it may also reduce nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing chemotherapy. In 2024, this provider wrote 82 Medicare prescriptions for Olanzapine, about 1.4 times the volume of the typical Illinois prescriber of this medication (59.3). Medicare paid an average of $14.66 per fill, versus $20.86 statewide. How often this provider prescribes it This provider prescribes this medication more often than the average IL prescriber. Utilization reflects practice size as well as clinical preference. What Medicare paid per fill This provider's average cost per fill is below the IL average for this medication. 84.1 30-Day Fills standardized to 30-day supplies 2,247 Days of Medication total across all patients in 2024 | |||
| Lamotrigine | 75 | $20.39 | ▲ More than typical |
About Lamotrigine: Lamotrigine is used alone or with other medications to prevent and control seizures. Show more ▾ It may also be used to help prevent the extreme mood swings of bipolar disorder in adults. Lamotrigine is known as an anticonvulsant or antiepileptic drug. It is thought to work by restoring the balance of certain natural substances in the brain. This drug is not approved for use in children younger than 2 years due to an increased risk of side effects (such as infections). A phenyltriazine compound, sodium and calcium channel blocker that is used for the treatment of SEIZURES and BIPOLAR DISORDER. In 2024, this provider wrote 75 Medicare prescriptions for Lamotrigine, about 1.5 times the volume of the typical Illinois prescriber of this medication (50). Medicare paid an average of $20.39 per fill, versus $12.11 statewide. How often this provider prescribes it This provider prescribes this medication more often than the average IL prescriber. Utilization reflects practice size as well as clinical preference. What Medicare paid per fill Gross Part D cost per fill; not the patient's out-of-pocket price. 75 30-Day Fills standardized to 30-day supplies 2,008 Days of Medication total across all patients in 2024 | |||
| Buspirone Hcl | 73 | $22.01 | ▲ More than typical |
About Buspirone Hcl: This medication is used to treat anxiety. Show more ▾ It may help you think more clearly, relax, worry less, and take part in everyday life. It may also help you to feel less jittery and irritable, and may control symptoms such as trouble sleeping, sweating, and pounding heartbeat. Buspirone is a medication for anxiety (anxiolytic) that works by affecting certain natural substances in the brain (neurotransmitters). An anxiolytic agent and serotonin receptor agonist belonging to the azaspirodecanedione class of compounds. Its structure is unrelated to those of the BENZODIAZAPINES, but it has an efficacy comparable to DIAZEPAM. In 2024, this provider wrote 73 Medicare prescriptions for Buspirone Hcl, about 1.6 times the volume of the typical Illinois prescriber of this medication (46.5). Medicare paid an average of $22.01 per fill, versus $13.10 statewide. How often this provider prescribes it This provider prescribes this medication more often than the average IL prescriber. Utilization reflects practice size as well as clinical preference. What Medicare paid per fill Gross Part D cost per fill; not the patient's out-of-pocket price. 73 30-Day Fills standardized to 30-day supplies 2,023 Days of Medication total across all patients in 2024 | |||
| VraylarCariprazine Hcl | 63 | $1,370.25▼ below IL avg | ▲ More than typical |
About Vraylar: This medication is used to treat certain mental/mood disorders (such as bipolar disorder, depression, schizophrenia). Show more ▾ Cariprazine belongs to a class of drugs known as atypical antipsychotics. It works by helping to restore the balance of certain natural substances in the brain. In 2024, this provider wrote 63 Medicare prescriptions for Vraylar, about 2.1 times the volume of the typical Illinois prescriber of this medication (29.7). Medicare paid an average of $1,370.25 per fill, versus $1,476.32 statewide. How often this provider prescribes it This provider prescribes this medication more often than the average IL prescriber. Utilization reflects practice size as well as clinical preference. What Medicare paid per fill This provider's average cost per fill is below the IL average for this medication. 63 30-Day Fills standardized to 30-day supplies 1,728 Days of Medication total across all patients in 2024 | |||
| Bupropion XlBupropion Hcl | 59 | $21.63▼ below IL avg | ▲ More than typical |
About Bupropion Xl: This medication is used to treat depression. Show more ▾ It is also be used to prevent seasonal affective disorder (SAD), a type of depression that occurs each year at the same time (for example, during winter). Bupropion works by helping to restore the balance of certain natural substances (dopamine, norepinephrine) in the brain. A propiophenone-derived antidepressant and antismoking agent that inhibits the uptake of DOPAMINE. In 2024, this provider wrote 59 Medicare prescriptions for Bupropion Xl, about 1.5 times the volume of the typical Illinois prescriber of this medication (38.1). Medicare paid an average of $21.63 per fill, versus $23.87 statewide. How often this provider prescribes it This provider prescribes this medication more often than the average IL prescriber. Utilization reflects practice size as well as clinical preference. What Medicare paid per fill This provider's average cost per fill is below the IL average for this medication. 59 30-Day Fills standardized to 30-day supplies 1,627 Days of Medication total across all patients in 2024 | |||
| Aripiprazole | 58 | $25.59▼ below IL avg | ▲ More than typical |
About Aripiprazole: This medication is used to treat certain mental/mood disorders (such as bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, Tourette's syndrome, and irritability associated with autistic disorder). Show more ▾ It may also be used in combination with other medication to treat depression. Aripiprazole belongs to a class of drugs known as atypical antipsychotics. It works by helping to restore the balance of certain natural substances in the brain. This medication can decrease hallucinations and improve your concentration. It helps you to think more clearly and positively about yourself, feel less nervous, and take a more active part in everyday life. Aripiprazole can treat severe mood swings and decrease how often mood swings occur. A piperazine and quinolone derivative that is used primarily as an antipsychotic agent. It is a partial agonist of SEROTONIN RECEPTOR, 5-HT1A and DOPAMINE D2 RECEPTORS, where it also functions as a post-synaptic antagonist, and an antagonist of SEROTONIN RECEPTOR, 5-HT2A. It is used for the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA and BIPOLAR DISORDER, and as an adjunct therapy for the treatment of depression. In 2024, this provider wrote 58 Medicare prescriptions for Aripiprazole, about 1.3 times the volume of the typical Illinois prescriber of this medication (45.7). Medicare paid an average of $25.59 per fill, versus $74.72 statewide. How often this provider prescribes it This provider prescribes this medication more often than the average IL prescriber. Utilization reflects practice size as well as clinical preference. What Medicare paid per fill This provider's average cost per fill is below the IL average for this medication. 62 30-Day Fills standardized to 30-day supplies 1,577 Days of Medication total across all patients in 2024 | |||
| Mirtazapine | 46 | $8.76▼ below IL avg | ≈ Typical |
About Mirtazapine: This medication is used to treat depression. Show more ▾ Mirtazapine works by helping to restore the balance of certain natural substances in the brain. A piperazinoazepine tetracyclic compound that enhances the release of NOREPINEPHRINE and SEROTONIN through blockage of presynaptic ALPHA-2 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS. It also blocks both 5-HT2 and 5-HT3 serotonin receptors and is a potent HISTAMINE H1 RECEPTOR antagonist. It is used for the treatment of depression, and may also be useful for the treatment of anxiety disorders. In 2024, this provider wrote 46 Medicare prescriptions for Mirtazapine, about 87% of the volume of the typical Illinois prescriber of this medication (53). Medicare paid an average of $8.76 per fill, versus $18.12 statewide. How often this provider prescribes it This provider's prescribing volume for this medication is in line with the average IL prescriber. Utilization reflects practice size as well as clinical preference. What Medicare paid per fill This provider's average cost per fill is below the IL average for this medication. 46 30-Day Fills standardized to 30-day supplies 1,194 Days of Medication total across all patients in 2024 | |||
| Clonidine Hcl | 46 | $5.88▼ below IL avg | ▲ More than typical |
About Clonidine Hcl: This medication is used alone or with other medications to treat high blood pressure (hypertension). Show more ▾ Lowering high blood pressure helps prevent strokes, heart attacks, and kidney problems. Clonidine belongs to a class of drugs (central alpha agonists) that act in the brain to lower blood pressure. It works by relaxing blood vessels so blood can flow more easily. An imidazoline sympatholytic agent that stimulates ALPHA-2 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS and central IMIDAZOLINE RECEPTORS. It is commonly used in the management of HYPERTENSION. In 2024, this provider wrote 46 Medicare prescriptions for Clonidine Hcl, about 1.6 times the volume of the typical Illinois prescriber of this medication (28.2). Medicare paid an average of $5.88 per fill, versus $6.93 statewide. How often this provider prescribes it This provider prescribes this medication more often than the average IL prescriber. Utilization reflects practice size as well as clinical preference. What Medicare paid per fill This provider's average cost per fill is below the IL average for this medication. 46 30-Day Fills standardized to 30-day supplies 1,301 Days of Medication total across all patients in 2024 | |||
| Hydroxyzine Hcl | 46 | $12.78▼ below IL avg | ▲ More than typical |
About Hydroxyzine Hcl: Hydroxyzine is used to treat itching caused by allergies. Show more ▾ It is an antihistamine and works by blocking a certain natural substance (histamine) that your body makes during an allergic reaction. Hydroxyzine may also be used short-term to treat anxiety or to help you feel sleepy/relaxed before and after surgery. A histamine H1 receptor antagonist that is effective in the treatment of chronic urticaria, dermatitis, and histamine-mediated pruritus. Unlike its major metabolite CETIRIZINE, it does cause drowsiness. It is also effective as an antiemetic, for relief of anxiety and tension, and as a sedative. In 2024, this provider wrote 46 Medicare prescriptions for Hydroxyzine Hcl, about 1.4 times the volume of the typical Illinois prescriber of this medication (32.9). Medicare paid an average of $12.78 per fill, versus $16.82 statewide. How often this provider prescribes it This provider prescribes this medication more often than the average IL prescriber. Utilization reflects practice size as well as clinical preference. What Medicare paid per fill This provider's average cost per fill is below the IL average for this medication. 46 30-Day Fills standardized to 30-day supplies 1,316 Days of Medication total across all patients in 2024 | |||
| Fluoxetine Hcl | 43 | $10.48▼ below IL avg | ≈ Typical |
About Fluoxetine Hcl: This medication is used to treat certain mental/mood disorders (such as depression, panic attacks, obsessive compulsive disorder). Show more ▾ It is also used to treat a certain eating disorder (bulimia) and a severe form of premenstrual syndrome (premenstrual dysphoric disorder). Fluoxetine belongs to a class of drugs known as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). It works by helping to restore the balance of a certain natural substance (serotonin) in the brain. The first highly specific serotonin uptake inhibitor. It is used as an antidepressant and often has a more acceptable side-effects profile than traditional antidepressants. In 2024, this provider wrote 43 Medicare prescriptions for Fluoxetine Hcl, about the same volume as the typical Illinois prescriber of this medication (40.7). Medicare paid an average of $10.48 per fill, versus $11.13 statewide. How often this provider prescribes it This provider's prescribing volume for this medication is in line with the average IL prescriber. Utilization reflects practice size as well as clinical preference. What Medicare paid per fill This provider's average cost per fill is below the IL average for this medication. 43 30-Day Fills standardized to 30-day supplies 1,227 Days of Medication total across all patients in 2024 | |||
| Duloxetine Hcl | 41 | $19.33▼ below IL avg | ≈ Typical |
About Duloxetine Hcl: This medication is used to treat certain mental/mood disorders (such as depression, anxiety). Show more ▾ It is also used to help relieve nerve pain (peripheral neuropathy) in people with diabetes or ongoing pain due to medical conditions such as arthritis, chronic back pain, or fibromyalgia (a condition that causes widespread pain). Duloxetine belongs to a class of drugs known as serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs). It works by helping to restore the balance of certain natural substances (serotonin and norepinephrine) in the brain. A thiophene derivative and selective NEUROTRANSMITTER UPTAKE INHIBITOR for SEROTONIN and NORADRENALINE (SNRI). It is an ANTIDEPRESSIVE AGENT and ANXIOLYTIC, and is also used for the treatment of pain in patients with DIABETES MELLITUS and FIBROMYALGIA. In 2024, this provider wrote 41 Medicare prescriptions for Duloxetine Hcl, about 78% of the volume of the typical Illinois prescriber of this medication (52.9). Medicare paid an average of $19.33 per fill, versus $21.99 statewide. How often this provider prescribes it This provider's prescribing volume for this medication is in line with the average IL prescriber. Utilization reflects practice size as well as clinical preference. What Medicare paid per fill This provider's average cost per fill is below the IL average for this medication. 45 30-Day Fills standardized to 30-day supplies 1,200 Days of Medication total across all patients in 2024 | |||
| Prazosin Hcl | 39 | $23.72 | ▲ More than typical |
About Prazosin Hcl: Prazosin is used with or without other medications to treat high blood pressure. Show more ▾ Lowering high blood pressure helps prevent strokes, heart attacks, and kidney problems. Prazosin belongs to a class of medications called alpha blockers. It works by relaxing and widening blood vessels so blood can flow more easily. A selective adrenergic alpha-1 antagonist used in the treatment of HEART FAILURE; HYPERTENSION; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA; RAYNAUD DISEASE; PROSTATIC HYPERTROPHY; and URINARY RETENTION. In 2024, this provider wrote 39 Medicare prescriptions for Prazosin Hcl, about 1.3 times the volume of the typical Illinois prescriber of this medication (31). Medicare paid an average of $23.72 per fill, versus $18.92 statewide. How often this provider prescribes it This provider prescribes this medication more often than the average IL prescriber. Utilization reflects practice size as well as clinical preference. What Medicare paid per fill Gross Part D cost per fill; not the patient's out-of-pocket price. 43 30-Day Fills standardized to 30-day supplies 1,270 Days of Medication total across all patients in 2024 | |||
| Sertraline Hcl | 38 | $4.05▼ below IL avg | ▼ Less than typical |
About Sertraline Hcl: This medication is used to treat certain mental/mood disorders (such as depression, panic attacks, obsessive compulsive disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, social anxiety disorder). Show more ▾ It is also used to treat a severe form of premenstrual syndrome (premenstrual dysphoric disorder). Sertraline belongs to a class of drugs known as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). It works by helping to restore the balance of a certain natural substance (serotonin) in the brain. A selective serotonin uptake inhibitor that is used in the treatment of depression. In 2024, this provider wrote 38 Medicare prescriptions for Sertraline Hcl, about half the volume of the typical Illinois prescriber of this medication (68.7). Medicare paid an average of $4.05 per fill, versus $8.82 statewide. How often this provider prescribes it This provider prescribes this medication less often than the average IL prescriber. Utilization reflects practice size as well as clinical preference. What Medicare paid per fill This provider's average cost per fill is below the IL average for this medication. 44 30-Day Fills standardized to 30-day supplies 1,271 Days of Medication total across all patients in 2024 | |||
| AustedoDeutetrabenazine | 37 | $5,821.50▼ below IL avg | ▲ More than typical |
About Austedo: Deutetrabenazine is used to decrease involuntary movements (chorea) caused by Huntington's disease. Show more ▾ It is also used to treat involuntary movements of the face, tongue, or other body parts (tardive dyskinesia). Reducing involuntary movements will help you take part in more of your normal daily activities. This medication is thought to work by decreasing the amount of certain natural substances in the brain that affect how your nerves and muscles work (monoamines such as dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine). A vesicular monoamine transporter type 2 inhibitor. In 2024, this provider wrote 37 Medicare prescriptions for Austedo, about 1.4 times the volume of the typical Illinois prescriber of this medication (26.5). Medicare paid an average of $5,821.50 per fill, versus $6,390.20 statewide. How often this provider prescribes it This provider prescribes this medication more often than the average IL prescriber. Utilization reflects practice size as well as clinical preference. What Medicare paid per fill This provider's average cost per fill is below the IL average for this medication. 37 30-Day Fills standardized to 30-day supplies 885 Days of Medication total across all patients in 2024 | |||
| Haloperidol | 35 | $20.19▼ below IL avg | ▼ Less than typical |
About Haloperidol: This medication is used to treat certain mental/mood disorders (such as schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorders). Show more ▾ Haloperidol is also used to treat uncontrolled movements and outbursts of words/sounds related to Tourette's syndrome. It is also used by hyperactive children for severe behavior problems when other treatments or medication have not worked. Haloperidol belongs to a class of drugs known as antipsychotics. It works by helping to restore the balance of certain natural substances in the brain. A phenyl-piperidinyl-butyrophenone that is used primarily to treat SCHIZOPHRENIA and other PSYCHOSES. It is also used in schizoaffective disorder, DELUSIONAL DISORDERS, ballism, and TOURETTE SYNDROME (a drug of choice) and occasionally as adjunctive therapy in INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY and the chorea of HUNTINGTON DISEASE. It is a potent antiemetic and is used in the treatment of intractable HICCUPS. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p279) In 2024, this provider wrote 35 Medicare prescriptions for Haloperidol, about 72% of the volume of the typical Illinois prescriber of this medication (48.9). Medicare paid an average of $20.19 per fill, versus $26.56 statewide. How often this provider prescribes it This provider prescribes this medication less often than the average IL prescriber. Utilization reflects practice size as well as clinical preference. What Medicare paid per fill This provider's average cost per fill is below the IL average for this medication. 35 30-Day Fills standardized to 30-day supplies 996 Days of Medication total across all patients in 2024 | |||
| Paliperidone ErPaliperidone | 33 | $104.99▼ below IL avg | ≈ Typical |
About Paliperidone Er: This medication is used to treat certain mental/mood disorders (such as schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder). Show more ▾ Paliperidone belongs to a class of drugs known as atypical antipsychotics. It works by helping to restore the balance of certain natural substances in the brain. A benzisoxazole derivative and active metabolite of RISPERIDONE that functions as a DOPAMINE D2 RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST and SEROTONIN 5-HT2 RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST. It is an ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENT used in the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA. In 2024, this provider wrote 33 Medicare prescriptions for Paliperidone Er, about the same volume as the typical Illinois prescriber of this medication (29.6). Medicare paid an average of $104.99 per fill, versus $194.18 statewide. How often this provider prescribes it This provider's prescribing volume for this medication is in line with the average IL prescriber. Utilization reflects practice size as well as clinical preference. What Medicare paid per fill This provider's average cost per fill is below the IL average for this medication. 33 30-Day Fills standardized to 30-day supplies 765 Days of Medication total across all patients in 2024 | |||
| Propranolol Hcl | 32 | $20.97 | ▲ More than typical |
About Propranolol Hcl: This medication is a beta blocker used to treat high blood pressure, irregular heartbeats, shaking (tremors), and other conditions. Show more ▾ It is used after a heart attack to improve the chance of survival. It is also used to prevent migraine headaches and chest pain (angina). Lowering high blood pressure helps prevent strokes, heart attacks, and kidney problems. Preventing chest pain can help improve your ability to exercise. This drug works by blocking the action of certain natural chemicals in your body (such as epinephrine) that affect the heart and blood vessels. This effect reduces heart rate, blood pressure, and strain on the heart. A widely used non-cardioselective beta-adrenergic antagonist. Propranolol has been used for MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; ARRHYTHMIA; ANGINA PECTORIS; HYPERTENSION; HYPERTHYROIDISM; MIGRAINE; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA; and ANXIETY but adverse effects instigate replacement by newer drugs. In 2024, this provider wrote 32 Medicare prescriptions for Propranolol Hcl, about 1.3 times the volume of the typical Illinois prescriber of this medication (25). Medicare paid an average of $20.97 per fill, versus $17.54 statewide. How often this provider prescribes it This provider prescribes this medication more often than the average IL prescriber. Utilization reflects practice size as well as clinical preference. What Medicare paid per fill Gross Part D cost per fill; not the patient's out-of-pocket price. 32 30-Day Fills standardized to 30-day supplies 848 Days of Medication total across all patients in 2024 | |||
| Benztropine Mesylate | 30 | $7.25▼ below IL avg | ▼ Less than typical |
About Benztropine Mesylate: Benztropine is used to treat symptoms of Parkinson's disease or involuntary movements due to the side effects of certain psychiatric drugs (antipsychotics such as chlorpromazine/haloperidol). Show more ▾ Benztropine belongs to a class of medication called anticholinergics that work by blocking a certain natural substance (acetylcholine). This helps decrease muscle stiffness, sweating, and the production of saliva, and helps improve walking ability in people with Parkinson's disease. Anticholinergics can stop severe muscle spasms of the back, neck, and eyes that are sometimes caused by psychiatric drugs. It can also decrease other side effects such as muscle stiffness/rigidity (extrapyramidal signs-EPS). It is not helpful in treating movement problems caused by tardive dyskinesia and may worsen them. Benztropine should not be used by children younger than 3 years. A centrally active muscarinic antagonist that has been used in the symptomatic treatment of PARKINSON DISEASE. Benztropine also inhibits the uptake of dopamine. In 2024, this provider wrote 30 Medicare prescriptions for Benztropine Mesylate, about half the volume of the typical Illinois prescriber of this medication (62). Medicare paid an average of $7.25 per fill, versus $11.73 statewide. How often this provider prescribes it This provider prescribes this medication less often than the average IL prescriber. Utilization reflects practice size as well as clinical preference. What Medicare paid per fill This provider's average cost per fill is below the IL average for this medication. 30 30-Day Fills standardized to 30-day supplies 777 Days of Medication total across all patients in 2024 | |||
| Escitalopram Oxalate | 28 | $7.48▼ below IL avg | ▼ Less than typical |
About Escitalopram Oxalate: This medication is used to treat certain mental/mood disorders (such as depression, anxiety). Show more ▾ Escitalopram belongs to a class of drugs known as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). It works by helping to restore the balance of a certain natural substance (serotonin) in the brain. S-enantiomer of CITALOPRAM. Belongs to a class of drugs known as SELECTIVE SEROTONIN REUPTAKE INHIBITORS, used to treat depression and generalized anxiety disorder. In 2024, this provider wrote 28 Medicare prescriptions for Escitalopram Oxalate, about half the volume of the typical Illinois prescriber of this medication (60.1). Medicare paid an average of $7.48 per fill, versus $12.18 statewide. How often this provider prescribes it This provider prescribes this medication less often than the average IL prescriber. Utilization reflects practice size as well as clinical preference. What Medicare paid per fill This provider's average cost per fill is below the IL average for this medication. 28 30-Day Fills standardized to 30-day supplies 804 Days of Medication total across all patients in 2024 | |||
| Oxcarbazepine | 27 | $24.01▼ below IL avg | ≈ Typical |
About Oxcarbazepine: Oxcarbazepine is used alone or with other medications to treat seizure disorders (epilepsy). Show more ▾ A carbamazepine derivative that acts as a voltage-gated sodium channel blocker. It is used for the treatment of PARTIAL SEIZURES with or without secondary generalization. It is also an inducer of CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP3A4. In 2024, this provider wrote 27 Medicare prescriptions for Oxcarbazepine, about 78% of the volume of the typical Illinois prescriber of this medication (34.8). Medicare paid an average of $24.01 per fill, versus $53.96 statewide. How often this provider prescribes it This provider's prescribing volume for this medication is in line with the average IL prescriber. Utilization reflects practice size as well as clinical preference. What Medicare paid per fill This provider's average cost per fill is below the IL average for this medication. 27 30-Day Fills standardized to 30-day supplies 652 Days of Medication total across all patients in 2024 | |||
| Desvenlafaxine Succinate ErDesvenlafaxine Succinate | 26 | $88.42 | ≈ Typical |
About Desvenlafaxine Succinate Er: This medication is used to treat depression. Show more ▾ Desvenlafaxine belongs to a class of drugs known as serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs). It works by helping to restore the balance of certain natural substances (serotonin and norepinephrine) in the brain. A cyclohexanol and phenol derivative and metabolite of venlafaxine that functions as a SEROTONIN AND NORADRENALINE REUPTAKE INHIBITOR (SNRI) and is used as an ANTIDEPRESSIVE AGENT. In 2024, this provider wrote 26 Medicare prescriptions for Desvenlafaxine Succinate Er, about the same volume as the typical Illinois prescriber of this medication (27.8). Medicare paid an average of $88.42 per fill, versus $57.93 statewide. How often this provider prescribes it This provider's prescribing volume for this medication is in line with the average IL prescriber. Utilization reflects practice size as well as clinical preference. What Medicare paid per fill Gross Part D cost per fill; not the patient's out-of-pocket price. 26 30-Day Fills standardized to 30-day supplies 726 Days of Medication total across all patients in 2024 | |||
| Citalopram HbrCitalopram Hydrobromide | 24 | $3.69▼ below IL avg | ▼ Less than typical |
About Citalopram Hbr: This medication is used to treat depression. Show more ▾ Citalopram belongs to a class of drugs known as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). It works by helping to restore the balance of a certain natural substance (serotonin) in the brain. A furancarbonitrile that is one of the SELECTIVE SEROTONIN REUPTAKE INHIBITORS used as an antidepressant. The drug is also effective in reducing ethanol uptake in alcoholics and is used in depressed patients who also suffer from TARDIVE DYSKINESIA in preference to tricyclic antidepressants, which aggravate dyskinesia. In 2024, this provider wrote 24 Medicare prescriptions for Citalopram Hbr, about half the volume of the typical Illinois prescriber of this medication (41.3). Medicare paid an average of $3.69 per fill, versus $6.81 statewide. How often this provider prescribes it This provider prescribes this medication less often than the average IL prescriber. Utilization reflects practice size as well as clinical preference. What Medicare paid per fill This provider's average cost per fill is below the IL average for this medication. 24 30-Day Fills standardized to 30-day supplies 651 Days of Medication total across all patients in 2024 | |||
| Abilify MaintenaAripiprazole | 24 | $3,008.69 | ≈ Typical |
About Abilify Maintena: This medication is used to treat a certain mental/mood disorder (schizophrenia). Show more ▾ Some brands of this medication are also used to treat bipolar disorder. Extended-release aripiprazole injection is a long-acting form of aripiprazole. Aripiprazole belongs to a class of drugs known as atypical antipsychotics. It works by helping to restore the balance of certain natural substances in the brain. A piperazine and quinolone derivative that is used primarily as an antipsychotic agent. It is a partial agonist of SEROTONIN RECEPTOR, 5-HT1A and DOPAMINE D2 RECEPTORS, where it also functions as a post-synaptic antagonist, and an antagonist of SEROTONIN RECEPTOR, 5-HT2A. It is used for the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA and BIPOLAR DISORDER, and as an adjunct therapy for the treatment of depression. In 2024, this provider wrote 24 Medicare prescriptions for Abilify Maintena, about the same volume as the typical Illinois prescriber of this medication (22.0). Medicare paid an average of $3,008.69 per fill, versus $2,741.12 statewide. How often this provider prescribes it This provider's prescribing volume for this medication is in line with the average IL prescriber. Utilization reflects practice size as well as clinical preference. What Medicare paid per fill Gross Part D cost per fill; not the patient's out-of-pocket price. 24 30-Day Fills standardized to 30-day supplies 720 Days of Medication total across all patients in 2024 | |||
| Clonazepam | 23 | $4.93▼ below IL avg | ▼ Less than typical |
About Clonazepam: Clonazepam is used to prevent and control seizures. Show more ▾ This medication is known as an anticonvulsant or antiepileptic drug. It is also used to treat panic attacks. Clonazepam works by calming your brain and nerves. It belongs to a class of drugs called benzodiazepines. An anticonvulsant used for several types of seizures, including myotonic or atonic seizures, photosensitive epilepsy, and absence seizures, although tolerance may develop. It is seldom effective in generalized tonic-clonic or partial seizures. The mechanism of action appears to involve the enhancement of GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID receptor responses. In 2024, this provider wrote 23 Medicare prescriptions for Clonazepam, about half the volume of the typical Illinois prescriber of this medication (48.3). Medicare paid an average of $4.93 per fill, versus $7.29 statewide. How often this provider prescribes it This provider prescribes this medication less often than the average IL prescriber. Utilization reflects practice size as well as clinical preference. What Medicare paid per fill This provider's average cost per fill is below the IL average for this medication. 23 30-Day Fills standardized to 30-day supplies 574 Days of Medication total across all patients in 2024 | |||
| Clozapine | 22 | $45.31▼ below IL avg | ▼ Less than typical |
About Clozapine: See also Warning section. Show more ▾ This medication is used to treat certain mental/mood disorders (schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorders). Clozapine may also help prevent suicide in people who are likely to try to harm themselves. Clozapine belongs to a class of drugs known as atypical antipsychotics. It works by helping to restore the balance of certain natural substances in the brain. A tricylic dibenzodiazepine, classified as an atypical antipsychotic agent. It binds several types of central nervous system receptors, and displays a unique pharmacological profile. Clozapine is a serotonin antagonist, with strong binding to 5-HT 2A/2C receptor subtype. It also displays strong affinity to several dopaminergic receptors, but shows only weak antagonism at the dopamine D2 receptor, a receptor commonly thought to modulate neuroleptic activity. Agranulocytosis is a major adverse effect associated with administration of this agent. In 2024, this provider wrote 22 Medicare prescriptions for Clozapine, about a third of the volume of the typical Illinois prescriber of this medication (69.6). Medicare paid an average of $45.31 per fill, versus $69.10 statewide. How often this provider prescribes it This provider prescribes this medication less often than the average IL prescriber. Utilization reflects practice size as well as clinical preference. What Medicare paid per fill This provider's average cost per fill is below the IL average for this medication. 22 30-Day Fills standardized to 30-day supplies 602 Days of Medication total across all patients in 2024 | |||
| Divalproex Sodium ErDivalproex Sodium | 21 | $51.09▼ below IL avg | ▼ Less than typical |
About Divalproex Sodium Er: This medication is used to treat seizure disorders, mental/mood conditions (such as manic phase of bipolar disorder), and to prevent migraine headaches. Show more ▾ It works by restoring the balance of certain natural substances (neurotransmitters) in the brain. A fatty acid with anticonvulsant and anti-manic properties that is used in the treatment of EPILEPSY and BIPOLAR DISORDER. The mechanisms of its therapeutic actions are not well understood. It may act by increasing GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID levels in the brain or by altering the properties of VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS. In 2024, this provider wrote 21 Medicare prescriptions for Divalproex Sodium Er, about half the volume of the typical Illinois prescriber of this medication (41.5). Medicare paid an average of $51.09 per fill, versus $59.85 statewide. How often this provider prescribes it This provider prescribes this medication less often than the average IL prescriber. Utilization reflects practice size as well as clinical preference. What Medicare paid per fill This provider's average cost per fill is below the IL average for this medication. 21 30-Day Fills standardized to 30-day supplies 461 Days of Medication total across all patients in 2024 | |||
| Invega SustennaPaliperidone Palmitate | 19 | $3,019.89 | ▼ Less than typical |
About Invega Sustenna: This medication is used to treat certain mental/mood disorders (such as schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder). Show more ▾ Paliperidone belongs to a class of drugs known as atypical antipsychotics. It works by helping to restore the balance of certain natural substances in the brain. A benzisoxazole derivative and active metabolite of RISPERIDONE that functions as a DOPAMINE D2 RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST and SEROTONIN 5-HT2 RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST. It is an ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENT used in the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA. In 2024, this provider wrote 19 Medicare prescriptions for Invega Sustenna, about half the volume of the typical Illinois prescriber of this medication (34.6). Medicare paid an average of $3,019.89 per fill, versus $2,948.21 statewide. How often this provider prescribes it This provider prescribes this medication less often than the average IL prescriber. Utilization reflects practice size as well as clinical preference. What Medicare paid per fill Gross Part D cost per fill; not the patient's out-of-pocket price. 19 30-Day Fills standardized to 30-day supplies 556 Days of Medication total across all patients in 2024 | |||
| Venlafaxine Hcl ErVenlafaxine Hcl | 17 | $14.90▼ below IL avg | ▼ Less than typical |
About Venlafaxine Hcl Er: This medication is used to treat certain mental/mood disorders (such as depression, anxiety, panic attacks, and social anxiety disorder). Show more ▾ Venlafaxine belongs to a class of drugs known as serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs). It works by helping to restore the balance of certain natural substances (serotonin and norepinephrine) in the brain. A cyclohexanol and phenylethylamine derivative that functions as a SEROTONIN AND NORADRENALINE REUPTAKE INHIBITOR (SNRI) and is used as an ANTIDEPRESSIVE AGENT. In 2024, this provider wrote 17 Medicare prescriptions for Venlafaxine Hcl Er, about half the volume of the typical Illinois prescriber of this medication (36.5). Medicare paid an average of $14.90 per fill, versus $17.70 statewide. How often this provider prescribes it This provider prescribes this medication less often than the average IL prescriber. Utilization reflects practice size as well as clinical preference. What Medicare paid per fill This provider's average cost per fill is below the IL average for this medication. 17 30-Day Fills standardized to 30-day supplies 444 Days of Medication total across all patients in 2024 | |||
| Atomoxetine Hcl | 17 | $54.39▼ below IL avg | ≈ Typical |
About Atomoxetine Hcl: Atomoxetine is used to treat attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) as part of a total treatment plan, including psychological, social, and other treatments. Show more ▾ It may help to increase the ability to pay attention, concentrate, stay focused, and stop fidgeting. It is thought to work by restoring the balance of certain natural substances (neurotransmitters) in the brain. A propylamine derivative and selective ADRENERGIC UPTAKE INHIBITOR that is used in the treatment of ATTENTION DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER. In 2024, this provider wrote 17 Medicare prescriptions for Atomoxetine Hcl, about the same volume as the typical Illinois prescriber of this medication (17.5). Medicare paid an average of $54.39 per fill, versus $107.89 statewide. How often this provider prescribes it This provider's prescribing volume for this medication is in line with the average IL prescriber. Utilization reflects practice size as well as clinical preference. What Medicare paid per fill This provider's average cost per fill is below the IL average for this medication. 17 30-Day Fills standardized to 30-day supplies 420 Days of Medication total across all patients in 2024 | |||
| Gabapentin | 15 | $15.10▼ below IL avg | ▼ Less than typical |
About Gabapentin: Gabapentin is used with other medications to prevent and control seizures. Show more ▾ It is also used to relieve nerve pain following shingles (a painful rash due to herpes zoster infection) in adults. Gabapentin is known as an anticonvulsant or antiepileptic drug. A cyclohexane-gamma-aminobutyric acid derivative that is used for the treatment of PARTIAL SEIZURES; NEURALGIA; and RESTLESS LEGS SYNDROME. In 2024, this provider wrote 15 Medicare prescriptions for Gabapentin, about 17% of the volume of the typical Illinois prescriber of this medication (86.8). Medicare paid an average of $15.10 per fill, versus $15.83 statewide. How often this provider prescribes it This provider prescribes this medication less often than the average IL prescriber. Utilization reflects practice size as well as clinical preference. What Medicare paid per fill This provider's average cost per fill is below the IL average for this medication. 15 30-Day Fills standardized to 30-day supplies 418 Days of Medication total across all patients in 2024 | |||
| Lurasidone Hcl | 14 | $168.05▼ below IL avg | ▼ Less than typical |
About Lurasidone Hcl: This medication is used to treat certain mental/mood disorders (such as schizophrenia, depression associated with bipolar disorder). Show more ▾ Lurasidone belongs to a class of drugs known as atypical antipsychotics. It works by helping to restore the balance of certain natural substances in the brain. A thiazole derivative and atypical ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENT that functions as a DOPAMINE D2 RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; SEROTONIN 5-HT2 RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST, serotonin 5-HT7 receptor antagonist, and antagonist of the adrenergic α2A and α2C receptors, as well as a partial SEROTONIN 5-HT1A RECEPTOR AGONIST. It is used in the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA and BIPOLAR DISORDER. In 2024, this provider wrote 14 Medicare prescriptions for Lurasidone Hcl, about half the volume of the typical Illinois prescriber of this medication (28.7). Medicare paid an average of $168.05 per fill, versus $307.16 statewide. How often this provider prescribes it This provider prescribes this medication less often than the average IL prescriber. Utilization reflects practice size as well as clinical preference. What Medicare paid per fill This provider's average cost per fill is below the IL average for this medication. 14 30-Day Fills standardized to 30-day supplies 385 Days of Medication total across all patients in 2024 | |||
| Quetiapine Fumarate ErQuetiapine Fumarate | 13 | $26.00▼ below IL avg | ▼ Less than typical |
About Quetiapine Fumarate Er: This medication is used to treat certain mental/mood disorders (such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, sudden episodes of mania or depression associated with bipolar disorder). Show more ▾ It is also used with other medications to treat depression. Quetiapine belongs to a class of drugs known as atypical antipsychotics. It works by helping to restore the balance of certain natural substances in the brain. A dibenzothiazepine and ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENT that targets the SEROTONIN 5-HT2 RECEPTOR; HISTAMINE H1 RECEPTOR, adrenergic alpha1 and alpha2 receptors, as well as the DOPAMINE D1 RECEPTOR and DOPAMINE D2 RECEPTOR. It is used in the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA; BIPOLAR DISORDER and DEPRESSIVE DISORDER. In 2024, this provider wrote 13 Medicare prescriptions for Quetiapine Fumarate Er, about half the volume of the typical Illinois prescriber of this medication (24.1). Medicare paid an average of $26.00 per fill, versus $68.87 statewide. How often this provider prescribes it This provider prescribes this medication less often than the average IL prescriber. Utilization reflects practice size as well as clinical preference. What Medicare paid per fill This provider's average cost per fill is below the IL average for this medication. 13 30-Day Fills standardized to 30-day supplies 360 Days of Medication total across all patients in 2024 | |||
| Lorazepam | 13 | $3.34▼ below IL avg | ▼ Less than typical |
About Lorazepam: This medication is used to treat anxiety. Show more ▾ Lorazepam belongs to a class of drugs known as benzodiazepines which act on the brain and nerves (central nervous system) to produce a calming effect. This drug works by enhancing the effects of a certain natural chemical in the body (GABA). A benzodiazepine used as an anti-anxiety agent with few side effects. It also has hypnotic, anticonvulsant, and considerable sedative properties and has been proposed as a preanesthetic agent. In 2024, this provider wrote 13 Medicare prescriptions for Lorazepam, about a quarter of the volume of the typical Illinois prescriber of this medication (48.3). Medicare paid an average of $3.34 per fill, versus $6.59 statewide. How often this provider prescribes it This provider prescribes this medication less often than the average IL prescriber. Utilization reflects practice size as well as clinical preference. What Medicare paid per fill This provider's average cost per fill is below the IL average for this medication. 13 30-Day Fills standardized to 30-day supplies 322 Days of Medication total across all patients in 2024 | |||
| Fluvoxamine Maleate | 13 | $29.07▼ below IL avg | ▼ Less than typical |
About Fluvoxamine Maleate: This medication is used to treat obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Show more ▾ Fluvoxamine belongs to a class of drugs known as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). It works by helping to restore the balance of a certain natural substance (serotonin) in the brain. A selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor that is used in the treatment of DEPRESSION and a variety of ANXIETY DISORDERS. In 2024, this provider wrote 13 Medicare prescriptions for Fluvoxamine Maleate, about half the volume of the typical Illinois prescriber of this medication (28.8). Medicare paid an average of $29.07 per fill, versus $36.41 statewide. How often this provider prescribes it This provider prescribes this medication less often than the average IL prescriber. Utilization reflects practice size as well as clinical preference. What Medicare paid per fill This provider's average cost per fill is below the IL average for this medication. 13 30-Day Fills standardized to 30-day supplies 328 Days of Medication total across all patients in 2024 | |||
| Eszopiclone | 13 | $18.47▼ below IL avg | ▼ Less than typical |
About Eszopiclone: This medication is used to treat a certain sleep problem (insomnia). Show more ▾ It may help you fall asleep faster, stay asleep longer, and lessen how often you wake up during the night, so you can get a better night's rest. Eszopiclone belongs to a class of drugs called sedative-hypnotics. It acts on your brain to produce a calming effect. Use of this medication is usually limited to short treatment periods of 1 to 2 weeks or less. If your insomnia continues for a longer time, talk to your doctor to see if you need other treatment. A pyridine, pyrazine, and piperazine derivative that is used as a HYPNOTIC AND SEDATIVE in the treatment of INSOMNIA. In 2024, this provider wrote 13 Medicare prescriptions for Eszopiclone, about 72% of the volume of the typical Illinois prescriber of this medication (18). Medicare paid an average of $18.47 per fill, versus $28.28 statewide. How often this provider prescribes it This provider prescribes this medication less often than the average IL prescriber. Utilization reflects practice size as well as clinical preference. What Medicare paid per fill This provider's average cost per fill is below the IL average for this medication. 13 30-Day Fills standardized to 30-day supplies 390 Days of Medication total across all patients in 2024 | |||
| Clonidine Hcl ErClonidine Hcl | 13 | $29.48▼ below IL avg | ≈ Typical |
About Clonidine Hcl Er: This medication is used alone or with other medications to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) as part of a total treatment plan, including psychological, social, and other treatments. Show more ▾ An imidazoline sympatholytic agent that stimulates ALPHA-2 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS and central IMIDAZOLINE RECEPTORS. It is commonly used in the management of HYPERTENSION. In 2024, this provider wrote 13 Medicare prescriptions for Clonidine Hcl Er, about the same volume as the typical Illinois prescriber of this medication (14). Medicare paid an average of $29.48 per fill, versus $39.24 statewide. How often this provider prescribes it This provider's prescribing volume for this medication is in line with the average IL prescriber. Utilization reflects practice size as well as clinical preference. What Medicare paid per fill This provider's average cost per fill is below the IL average for this medication. 13 30-Day Fills standardized to 30-day supplies 359 Days of Medication total across all patients in 2024 | |||
| Ziprasidone Hcl | 12 | $68.84▼ below IL avg | ▼ Less than typical |
About Ziprasidone Hcl: This medication is used to treat certain mental/mood disorders (such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder). Show more ▾ Ziprasidone belongs to a class of drugs known as atypical antipsychotics. It works by helping to restore the balance of certain natural substances in the brain. A benzisothiazoylpiperazine derivative; has combined dopamine and serotonin receptor antagonist activity; structurally related to tiospirone. In 2024, this provider wrote 12 Medicare prescriptions for Ziprasidone Hcl, about a third of the volume of the typical Illinois prescriber of this medication (30.4). Medicare paid an average of $68.84 per fill, versus $71.62 statewide. How often this provider prescribes it This provider prescribes this medication less often than the average IL prescriber. Utilization reflects practice size as well as clinical preference. What Medicare paid per fill This provider's average cost per fill is below the IL average for this medication. 12 30-Day Fills standardized to 30-day supplies 360 Days of Medication total across all patients in 2024 | |||
About this data. The prescription history for DR. LAURIE JO SPARR DNP, APRN, FNP-C is compiled from the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) Medicare Part D Prescriber Public Use File for calendar year 2024, the most recent federal release. Figures cover prescriptions filled for Medicare Part D beneficiaries only; prescriptions under private insurance, Medicaid, or self-pay plans are not included. Because prescribing decisions are generally consistent across coverage types, this record offers a useful view of the overall Psychiatric/Mental Health prescribing approach at this Granite City, IL practice.
Reading the costs. Drug costs are gross amounts paid to pharmacies under Part D, including both plan and beneficiary payments. They are not the price a patient pays at the pharmacy counter. Medications with fewer than 11 claims are excluded from the federal source data, and state comparisons use the average among IL prescribers of the same medication and form, shown only when at least five prescribers contribute. Always confirm current medications and costs directly with the provider and your plan.
About the medication summaries. Drug use descriptions come from the CMS Medicare Part D Drug Spending Dashboard (2024), and substance definitions from Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) 2026, U.S. National Library of Medicine. They are summaries that do not contain all possible information about a medication and are not individual medical advice. Ask a health care professional about any medication and your specific health needs.
