SHANNON TURNBOW MD
Prescription History 1366444721
Internal Medicine - Pulmonary Disease in Lubbock, TX

NPI Status: Active since August 15, 2005

Contact Information

3621 22ND ST
SUITE 400
LUBBOCK, TX
ZIP 79410
Phone: (806) 791-8484
Fax: (806) 791-8498

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Prescription History for Informed Healthcare Decisions

Explore the verified Medicare Part D prescription history, volume metrics, and calculated drug costs for SHANNON TURNBOW MD, an active Pulmonary Disease specialist practicing in Lubbock, TX. Our medical registry currently tracks 28 unique pharmaceutical formulations prescribed by this provider, representing an estimated volume of 1,211 documented patient claims. Among these therapy options, the most frequently utilized medication is Trelegy Ellipta, which accounts for 199 claims alone.


Adempas

Generic Formulation: RiociguatSpecialty: Pulmonary Disease
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 12
30-Day Fills 12.0
Days Supply 360
TX State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims40.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills40.6
Peer Average Days Supply1,181
Highly Conservative Utilization

This provider demonstrates a highly selective approach to this formula, recording 70.0% less volume than the regional standard for practitioners inside TX. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $161,904.24 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$13,492.02

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$12,788.52

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Therapeutic Applications

Riociguat is used to treat high blood pressure in the lungs (pulmonary hypertension). It can also be used to treat a certain type of high blood pressure in the lungs caused by blood clots (chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension) when surgery has not been fully successful or is impossible. Riociguat works by relaxing and widening the blood vessels in your lungs so blood can flow more easily. Decreasing high blood pressure in the lungs allows your heart and lungs to work better and improves your ability to exercise.

Advair Diskus

Generic Formulation: Fluticasone Propion/SalmeterolSpecialty: Pulmonary Disease
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 20
30-Day Fills 30.0
Days Supply 900
TX State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims21.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills28.2
Peer Average Days Supply845
Standard Average Utilization

This provider's prescribing patterns for this therapeutic formulation sit directly in line with standard baseline averages across TX. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $12,534.87 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$626.74

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$554.78

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Therapeutic Applications

This product is used to control and prevent symptoms (wheezing and shortness of breath) caused by asthma or ongoing lung disease (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease-COPD, which includes chronic bronchitis and emphysema). It contains 2 medications: fluticasone and salmeterol. Fluticasone belongs to a class of drugs known as corticosteroids. It works by reducing the irritation and swelling of the airways. Salmeterol belongs to the class of drugs known as long-acting beta agonists. It works by relaxing the muscles around the airways so that they open up and you can breathe more easily. Controlling symptoms of breathing problems can decrease time lost from work or school. When used alone, long-acting beta agonists (such as salmeterol) may rarely increase the risk of serious (sometimes fatal) asthma-related breathing problems. However, combination inhaled corticosteroid and long-acting beta agonists, such as this product, do not increase the risk of serious asthma-related breathing problems. For asthma treatment, this product should be used when breathing problems are not well controlled with one asthma-control medication (such as inhaled corticosteroid) or if your symptoms need combination treatment. Before using this medication, it is important to learn how to use it properly. This medication must be used regularly to be effective. It does not work right away and should not be used to relieve sudden asthma attacks. If an asthma attack occurs, use your quick-relief inhaler (such as albuterol, also called salbutamol in some countries) as prescribed.

Albuterol Sulfate Hfa

Generic Formulation: Albuterol SulfateSpecialty: Pulmonary Disease
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 187
30-Day Fills 245.2
Days Supply 6,605
TX State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims51.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills65.6
Peer Average Days Supply1,666
Highly Elevated Utilization

This provider exhibits a high preference for this treatment path, registering a volume 266.7% higher than the standard regional baseline profile for TX. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $8,831.49 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$47.23

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$49.62

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

A short-acting beta-2 adrenergic agonist that is primarily used as a bronchodilator agent to treat ASTHMA. Albuterol is prepared as a racemic mixture of R(-) and S(+) stereoisomers. The stereospecific preparation of R(-) isomer of albuterol is referred to as levalbuterol.

Therapeutic Applications

Albuterol (also known as salbutamol) is used to treat wheezing and shortness of breath caused by breathing problems such as asthma. It is a quick-relief medication. Albuterol belongs to a class of drugs known as bronchodilators. It works by relaxing the muscles around the airways so that they open up and you can breathe more easily. Controlling symptoms of breathing problems can decrease time lost from work or school.

Ambrisentan

Generic Formulation: AmbrisentanSpecialty: Pulmonary Disease
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 12
30-Day Fills 12.0
Days Supply 360
TX State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims29.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills30.2
Peer Average Days Supply905
Highly Conservative Utilization

This provider demonstrates a highly selective approach to this formula, recording 58.6% less volume than the regional standard for practitioners inside TX. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $68,169.60 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$5,680.80

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$4,620.71

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Therapeutic Applications

Ambrisentan is used to treat high blood pressure in the lungs (pulmonary arterial hypertension). This condition is thought to be caused by increased levels of a certain natural substance (endothelin-1). This medication blocks the effects of endothelin-1, thereby helping to decrease the blood pressure in the lungs, slow the worsening of symptoms, and improve your ability to exercise.

Anoro Ellipta

Generic Formulation: Umeclidinium Brm/Vilanterol TrSpecialty: Pulmonary Disease
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 79
30-Day Fills 85.0
Days Supply 2,550
TX State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims30.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills40.2
Peer Average Days Supply1,200
Highly Elevated Utilization

This provider exhibits a high preference for this treatment path, registering a volume 163.3% higher than the standard regional baseline profile for TX. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $41,290.58 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$522.67

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$621.45

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Therapeutic Applications

This product is used to control and prevent symptoms (such as wheezing and shortness of breath) caused by ongoing lung disease (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease-COPD, which includes chronic bronchitis and emphysema). Controlling symptoms of breathing problems helps you stay active. This inhaler contains 2 medications: umeclidinium and vilanterol. Both drugs work by relaxing the muscles around the airways so that they open up and you can breathe more easily. Umeclidinium belongs to a class of drugs known as anticholinergics. Vilanterol belongs to the class of drugs known as long-acting beta agonists (LABAs). Both drugs are also known as bronchodilators. This medication must be used regularly to be effective. It does not work right away and should not be used to relieve sudden shortness of breath. If sudden breathing problems occur, use your quick-relief inhaler as prescribed. Umeclidinium/vilanterol is not approved to treat asthma. People with asthma using long-acting inhaled beta agonists (such as vilanterol) without also using an inhaled corticosteroid may have an increased risk of serious (sometimes fatal) breathing problems.

Azithromycin

Generic Formulation: AzithromycinSpecialty: Pulmonary Disease
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 21
30-Day Fills 21.0
Days Supply 329
TX State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims42.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills43.1
Peer Average Days Supply287
Conservative Utilization

This provider writes prescriptions for this formulation 50.0% less frequently than the standard regional baseline metric for practitioners inside TX. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $243.31 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$11.59

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$9.03

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

A semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic structurally related to ERYTHROMYCIN. It has been used in the treatment of Mycobacterium avium intracellulare infections, toxoplasmosis, and cryptosporidiosis.

Therapeutic Applications

This medication is used to treat certain eye infections. It is a macrolide antibiotic that works by stopping the growth of bacteria. This medication treats only bacterial eye infections. It will not work for other types of eye infections. Unnecessary use or misuse of any antibiotic can lead to its decreased effectiveness.

Breo Ellipta

Generic Formulation: Fluticasone/VilanterolSpecialty: Pulmonary Disease
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 93
30-Day Fills 123.0
Days Supply 3,690
TX State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims33.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills45.4
Peer Average Days Supply1,350
Highly Elevated Utilization

This provider exhibits a high preference for this treatment path, registering a volume 181.8% higher than the standard regional baseline profile for TX. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $50,686.73 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$545.02

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$543.22

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Therapeutic Applications

This medication is used to prevent and decrease symptoms (wheezing and trouble breathing) caused by asthma and ongoing lung disease (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease-COPD, including chronic bronchitis and emphysema). This inhaler contains 2 medications: fluticasone and vilanterol. Fluticasone belongs to a class of drugs known as corticosteroids. It works by reducing the swelling of the airways in the lungs to make breathing easier. Vilanterol belongs to a class of drugs known as long-acting beta agonists. It works by relaxing the muscles around the airways so that they open up and you can breathe more easily. When used alone, long-acting beta agonists (like vilanterol) may rarely increase the risk of serious (sometimes fatal) asthma-related breathing problems. However, combination inhaled corticosteroid and long-acting beta agonists, such as this product, do not increase the risk of serious asthma-related breathing problems. For asthma treatment, this product should be used when breathing problems are not well controlled with one asthma-control medication (such as inhaled corticosteroid) or if your symptoms need combination treatment. Before using this medication, it is important to learn how to use it properly. This medication must be used regularly to be effective. It does not work right away and should not be used to relieve sudden asthma attacks. If an asthma attack occurs, use your quick-relief inhaler (such as albuterol, also called salbutamol in some countries) as prescribed.

Breztri Aerosphere

Generic Formulation: Budesonide/Glycopyr/FormoterolSpecialty: Pulmonary Disease
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 24
30-Day Fills 44.0
Days Supply 1,320
TX State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims35.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills44.3
Peer Average Days Supply1,327
Conservative Utilization

This provider writes prescriptions for this formulation 31.4% less frequently than the standard regional baseline metric for practitioners inside TX. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $26,502.92 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$1,104.29

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$794.69

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Therapeutic Applications

This product is used to control and prevent symptoms (such as wheezing and shortness of breath) caused by ongoing lung disease (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease-COPD, which includes chronic bronchitis and emphysema). Controlling symptoms of breathing problems helps you maintain your normal activities and decreases time lost from work or school. This inhaler contains 3 medications: budesonide, glycopyrrolate, and formoterol. Budesonide works by reducing the irritation and swelling of the airways. Budesonide belongs to a class of drugs known as corticosteroids. Glycopyrrolate and formoterol work by relaxing the muscles around the airways so that they open up and you can breathe more easily. Glycopyrrolate belongs to a class of drugs known as anticholinergics. Formoterol belongs to the class of drugs known as long-acting beta agonists (LABAs). Both drugs are also known as bronchodilators. This medication must be used regularly to be effective. It does not work right away and should not be used to relieve sudden breathing problems. If sudden shortness of breath occurs, use your quick-relief inhaler as prescribed. This medication is not approved to treat asthma.

Budesonide

Generic Formulation: BudesonideSpecialty: Pulmonary Disease
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 13
30-Day Fills 13.0
Days Supply 390
TX State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims24.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills24.7
Peer Average Days Supply498
Conservative Utilization

This provider writes prescriptions for this formulation 45.8% less frequently than the standard regional baseline metric for practitioners inside TX. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $1,322.15 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$101.70

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$205.59

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

A glucocorticoid used in the management of ASTHMA, the treatment of various skin disorders, and allergic RHINITIS.

Therapeutic Applications

Budesonide is used to control and prevent symptoms (wheezing and shortness of breath) caused by asthma. This medication belongs to a class of drugs known as corticosteroids. It works directly in the lungs to make breathing easier by reducing the irritation and swelling of the airways. This medication must be used regularly to be effective. It does not work right away and should not be used to relieve sudden asthma attacks. If an asthma attack occurs, use your quick-relief inhaler as prescribed.

Clonazepam

Generic Formulation: ClonazepamSpecialty: Pulmonary Disease
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 34
30-Day Fills 34.0
Days Supply 990
TX State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims50.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills56.7
Peer Average Days Supply1,631
Conservative Utilization

This provider writes prescriptions for this formulation 32.0% less frequently than the standard regional baseline metric for practitioners inside TX. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $157.96 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$4.65

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$9.40

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

An anticonvulsant used for several types of seizures, including myotonic or atonic seizures, photosensitive epilepsy, and absence seizures, although tolerance may develop. It is seldom effective in generalized tonic-clonic or partial seizures. The mechanism of action appears to involve the enhancement of GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID receptor responses.

Therapeutic Applications

Clonazepam is used to prevent and control seizures. This medication is known as an anticonvulsant or antiepileptic drug. It is also used to treat panic attacks. Clonazepam works by calming your brain and nerves. It belongs to a class of drugs called benzodiazepines.

Combivent Respimat

Generic Formulation: Ipratropium/Albuterol SulfateSpecialty: Pulmonary Disease
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 12
30-Day Fills 14.0
Days Supply 418
TX State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims19.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills24.9
Peer Average Days Supply722
Conservative Utilization

This provider writes prescriptions for this formulation 36.8% less frequently than the standard regional baseline metric for practitioners inside TX. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $7,125.22 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$593.77

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$645.18

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Therapeutic Applications

This product is used to treat and prevent symptoms (wheezing and shortness of breath) caused by ongoing lung disease (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease-COPD, which includes bronchitis and emphysema). This product contains 2 medications: ipratropium and albuterol (also known as salbutamol). Both drugs work by relaxing the muscles around the airways so that the airways open up and you can breathe more easily. Controlling symptoms of breathing problems can decrease time lost from work or school.

Doxycycline Hyclate

Generic Formulation: Doxycycline HyclateSpecialty: Pulmonary Disease
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 27
30-Day Fills 27.0
Days Supply 195
TX State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims31.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills33.7
Peer Average Days Supply495
Standard Average Utilization

This provider's prescribing patterns for this therapeutic formulation sit directly in line with standard baseline averages across TX. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $256.47 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$9.50

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$23.67

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

A synthetic tetracycline derivative with similar antimicrobial activity.

Therapeutic Applications

This medication is used to treat a wide variety of bacterial infections, including those that cause acne. This medication is also used to prevent malaria. This medication is known as a tetracycline antibiotic. It works by stopping the growth of bacteria. This antibiotic treats only bacterial infections. It will not work for viral infections (such as common cold, flu). Using any antibiotic when it is not needed can cause it to not work for future infections.

Dulera

Generic Formulation: Mometasone/FormoterolSpecialty: Pulmonary Disease
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 16
30-Day Fills 24.0
Days Supply 720
TX State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims16.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills19.8
Peer Average Days Supply586
Standard Average Utilization

This provider's prescribing patterns for this therapeutic formulation sit directly in line with standard baseline averages across TX. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $8,623.12 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$538.95

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$400.38

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

A pharmaceutical preparation of mometasone furoate and formoterol fumarate that is used as an inhaled dosage form for the treatment of ASTHMA.

Therapeutic Applications

This product is used to control and prevent symptoms (wheezing and shortness of breath) caused by asthma. It contains 2 medications: mometasone and formoterol. Mometasone belongs to a class of drugs known as corticosteroids. It works by reducing the irritation and swelling of the airways. Formoterol belongs to the class of drugs known as long-acting beta agonists. It works by relaxing the muscles around the airways so that they open up and you can breathe more easily. Controlling symptoms of breathing problems can decrease time lost from work or school. When used alone, long-acting beta agonists (such as formoterol) may rarely increase the risk of serious (sometimes fatal) asthma-related breathing problems. However, combination inhaled corticosteroid and long-acting beta agonists, such as this product, do not increase the risk of serious asthma-related breathing problems. Before using this medication, it is important to learn how to use it properly. If an asthma attack occurs, use your quick-relief inhaler (such as albuterol, also called salbutamol in some countries) as prescribed. See also How to Use section.

Escitalopram Oxalate

Generic Formulation: Escitalopram OxalateSpecialty: Pulmonary Disease
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 11
30-Day Fills 15.0
Days Supply 450
TX State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims50.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills97.5
Peer Average Days Supply2,886
Highly Conservative Utilization

This provider demonstrates a highly selective approach to this formula, recording 78.0% less volume than the regional standard for practitioners inside TX. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $65.02 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$5.91

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$14.13

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

S-enantiomer of CITALOPRAM. Belongs to a class of drugs known as SELECTIVE SEROTONIN REUPTAKE INHIBITORS, used to treat depression and generalized anxiety disorder.

Therapeutic Applications

Escitalopram is used to treat depression and anxiety. It works by helping to restore the balance of a certain natural substance (serotonin) in the brain. Escitalopram belongs to a class of drugs known as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI). It may improve your energy level and feelings of well-being and decrease nervousness.

Fluticasone-Salmeterol

Generic Formulation: Fluticasone Propion/SalmeterolSpecialty: Pulmonary Disease
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 17
30-Day Fills 25.0
Days Supply 750
TX State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims20.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills28.5
Peer Average Days Supply854
Standard Average Utilization

This provider's prescribing patterns for this therapeutic formulation sit directly in line with standard baseline averages across TX. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $4,949.74 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$291.16

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$281.20

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Therapeutic Applications

This product is used to control and prevent symptoms (wheezing and shortness of breath) caused by asthma or ongoing lung disease (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease-COPD, which includes chronic bronchitis and emphysema). It contains 2 medications: fluticasone and salmeterol. Fluticasone belongs to a class of drugs known as corticosteroids. It works by reducing the irritation and swelling of the airways. Salmeterol belongs to the class of drugs known as long-acting beta agonists. It works by relaxing the muscles around the airways so that they open up and you can breathe more easily. Controlling symptoms of breathing problems can decrease time lost from work or school. When used alone, long-acting beta agonists (such as salmeterol) may rarely increase the risk of serious (sometimes fatal) asthma-related breathing problems. However, combination inhaled corticosteroid and long-acting beta agonists, such as this product, do not increase the risk of serious asthma-related breathing problems. For asthma treatment, this product should be used when breathing problems are not well controlled with one asthma-control medication (such as inhaled corticosteroid) or if your symptoms need combination treatment. Before using this medication, it is important to learn how to use it properly. This medication must be used regularly to be effective. It does not work right away and should not be used to relieve sudden asthma attacks. If an asthma attack occurs, use your quick-relief inhaler (such as albuterol, also called salbutamol in some countries) as prescribed.

Furosemide

Generic Formulation: FurosemideSpecialty: Pulmonary Disease
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 15
30-Day Fills 33.0
Days Supply 990
TX State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims78.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills159.0
Peer Average Days Supply4,614
Highly Conservative Utilization

This provider demonstrates a highly selective approach to this formula, recording 80.8% less volume than the regional standard for practitioners inside TX. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $56.41 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$3.76

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$6.45

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

A benzoic-sulfonamide-furan. It is a diuretic with fast onset and short duration that is used for EDEMA and chronic RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.

Therapeutic Applications

Furosemide is used to reduce extra fluid in the body (edema) caused by conditions such as heart failure, liver disease, and kidney disease. This can lessen symptoms such as shortness of breath and swelling in your arms, legs, and abdomen. This drug is also used to treat high blood pressure. Lowering high blood pressure helps prevent strokes, heart attacks, and kidney problems. Furosemide is a water pill (diuretic) that causes you to make more urine. This helps your body get rid of extra water and salt.

Incruse Ellipta

Generic Formulation: Umeclidinium BromideSpecialty: Pulmonary Disease
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 12
30-Day Fills 28.0
Days Supply 840
TX State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims25.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills31.9
Peer Average Days Supply932
Highly Conservative Utilization

This provider demonstrates a highly selective approach to this formula, recording 52.0% less volume than the regional standard for practitioners inside TX. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $10,848.97 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$904.08

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$460.04

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Therapeutic Applications

Umeclidinium is used to control and prevent symptoms (such as wheezing, shortness of breath) caused by ongoing lung disease (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease-COPD, which includes bronchitis and emphysema). It works by relaxing the muscles around the airways so that they open up and you can breathe more easily. Umeclidinium belongs to a class of drugs known as anticholinergics. Controlling symptoms of breathing problems can decrease time lost from work or school. This medication must be used regularly to be effective. It does not work right away and should not be used to relieve sudden shortness of breath. If wheezing or sudden shortness of breath occurs, use your quick-relief inhaler (such as albuterol, also called salbutamol in some countries) as prescribed.

Montelukast Sodium

Generic Formulation: Montelukast SodiumSpecialty: Pulmonary Disease
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 34
30-Day Fills 58.0
Days Supply 1,740
TX State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims68.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills156.5
Peer Average Days Supply4,670
Conservative Utilization

This provider writes prescriptions for this formulation 50.0% less frequently than the standard regional baseline metric for practitioners inside TX. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $531.72 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$15.64

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$18.30

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Therapeutic Applications

Montelukast is used to control and prevent symptoms caused by asthma (such as wheezing and shortness of breath). It is also used before exercise to prevent breathing problems during exercise (bronchospasm). This medication can help decrease the number of times you need to use your quick relief inhaler. Montelukast is also used to relieve symptoms of hay fever and allergic rhinitis (such as sneezing, stuffy/runny/itchy nose). Since there are other allergy medications that may be safer (see also Warning section), this medication should be used for this condition only when you cannot take other allergy medications or they do not work well. This medication must be used regularly to be effective. It does not work right away and should not be used to relieve sudden asthma attacks or breathing problems. If an asthma attack or sudden shortness of breath occurs, use your quick-relief inhaler as prescribed. This drug works by blocking certain natural substances (leukotrienes) that may cause or worsen asthma and allergies. It helps make breathing easier by reducing swelling (inflammation) in the airways.

Mycophenolate Mofetil

Generic Formulation: Mycophenolate MofetilSpecialty: Pulmonary Disease
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 15
30-Day Fills 21.0
Days Supply 630
TX State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims30.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills52.2
Peer Average Days Supply1,548
Conservative Utilization

This provider writes prescriptions for this formulation 50.0% less frequently than the standard regional baseline metric for practitioners inside TX. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $2,493.75 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$166.25

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$152.19

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

Compound derived from Penicillium stoloniferum and related species. It blocks de novo biosynthesis of purine nucleotides by inhibition of the enzyme inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMP DEHYDROGENASE). Mycophenolic acid exerts selective effects on the immune system in which it prevents the proliferation of T-CELLS, LYMPHOCYTES, and the formation of antibodies from B-CELLS. It may also inhibit recruitment of LEUKOCYTES to sites of INFLAMMATION.

Therapeutic Applications

Mycophenolate is used in combination with other medications to keep your body from attacking and rejecting your transplanted organ (such as kidney, liver, heart). It belongs to a class of medications called immunosuppressants. It works by weakening your body's defense system (immune system) to help your body accept the new organ as if it were your own.

Potassium Chloride

Generic Formulation: Potassium ChlorideSpecialty: Pulmonary Disease
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 15
30-Day Fills 25.0
Days Supply 750
TX State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims62.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills118.6
Peer Average Days Supply3,443
Highly Conservative Utilization

This provider demonstrates a highly selective approach to this formula, recording 75.8% less volume than the regional standard for practitioners inside TX. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $155.97 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$10.40

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$29.33

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

A white crystal or crystalline powder used in BUFFERS; FERTILIZERS; and EXPLOSIVES. It can be used to replenish ELECTROLYTES and restore WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE in treating HYPOKALEMIA.

Therapeutic Applications

This medication is a mineral supplement used to treat or prevent low amounts of potassium in the blood. A normal level of potassium in the blood is important. Potassium helps your cells, kidneys, heart, muscles, and nerves work properly. Most people get enough potassium by eating a well-balanced diet. Some conditions that can lower your body's potassium level include severe prolonged diarrhea and vomiting, hormone problems such as hyperaldosteronism, or treatment with water pills/diuretics.

Prednisone

Generic Formulation: PrednisoneSpecialty: Pulmonary Disease
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 142
30-Day Fills 172.9
Days Supply 3,847
TX State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims47.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills57.7
Peer Average Days Supply1,050
Highly Elevated Utilization

This provider exhibits a high preference for this treatment path, registering a volume 202.1% higher than the standard regional baseline profile for TX. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $832.72 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$5.86

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$5.74

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

A synthetic anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid derived from CORTISONE. It is biologically inert and converted to PREDNISOLONE in the liver.

Therapeutic Applications

Prednisone is used to treat conditions such as arthritis, blood disorders, breathing problems, severe allergies, skin diseases, cancer, eye problems, and immune system disorders. Prednisone belongs to a class of drugs known as corticosteroids. It decreases your immune system's response to various diseases to reduce symptoms such as swelling and allergic-type reactions.

Spiriva Handihaler

Generic Formulation: Tiotropium BromideSpecialty: Pulmonary Disease
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 18
30-Day Fills 40.0
Days Supply 1,200
TX State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims20.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills30.3
Peer Average Days Supply899
Standard Average Utilization

This provider's prescribing patterns for this therapeutic formulation sit directly in line with standard baseline averages across TX. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $21,537.17 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$1,196.51

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$771.26

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

A scopolamine derivative and CHOLINERGIC ANTAGONIST that functions as a BRONCHODILATOR AGENT. It is used in the treatment of CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE.

Therapeutic Applications

Tiotropium is used to control and prevent symptoms (such as wheezing, shortness of breath) caused by ongoing lung disease (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease-COPD which includes bronchitis and emphysema). It works by relaxing the muscles around the airways so that they open up and you can breathe more easily. Tiotropium belongs to a class of drugs known as anticholinergics. Controlling symptoms of breathing problems can decrease time lost from work or school. This medication must be used regularly to be effective. It does not work right away and should not be used to relieve sudden breathing problems. If wheezing or sudden shortness of breath occurs, use your quick-relief inhaler (such as albuterol, also called salbutamol in some countries) as prescribed.

Spiriva Respimat

Generic Formulation: Tiotropium BromideSpecialty: Pulmonary Disease
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 46
30-Day Fills 59.0
Days Supply 1,770
TX State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims32.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills44.3
Peer Average Days Supply1,326
Elevated Utilization

This provider maintains an active emphasis on this therapeutic option, recording 43.8% more claims than the standard regional baseline profile for TX. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $29,647.88 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$644.52

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$695.61

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

A scopolamine derivative and CHOLINERGIC ANTAGONIST that functions as a BRONCHODILATOR AGENT. It is used in the treatment of CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE.

Therapeutic Applications

Tiotropium is used to control and prevent symptoms (such as wheezing, shortness of breath) caused by ongoing lung disease (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease-COPD which includes bronchitis and emphysema). It works by relaxing the muscles around the airways so that they open up and you can breathe more easily. Tiotropium belongs to a class of drugs known as anticholinergics. Controlling symptoms of breathing problems can decrease time lost from work or school. This medication must be used regularly to be effective. It does not work right away and should not be used to relieve sudden breathing problems. If wheezing or sudden shortness of breath occurs, use your quick-relief inhaler (such as albuterol, also called salbutamol in some countries) as prescribed.

Stiolto Respimat

Generic Formulation: Tiotropium Br/Olodaterol HclSpecialty: Pulmonary Disease
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 53
30-Day Fills 65.0
Days Supply 1,950
TX State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims28.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills38.5
Peer Average Days Supply1,152
Highly Elevated Utilization

This provider exhibits a high preference for this treatment path, registering a volume 89.3% higher than the standard regional baseline profile for TX. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $31,968.28 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$603.18

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$648.25

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Therapeutic Applications

This product is used to control and prevent symptoms (such as wheezing and shortness of breath) caused by ongoing lung disease (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease-COPD, which includes chronic bronchitis and emphysema). Controlling symptoms of breathing problems helps you stay active. This inhaler contains 2 medications: tiotropium and olodaterol. Both drugs work by relaxing the muscles around the airways so that they open up and you can breathe more easily. Tiotropium belongs to a class of drugs known as anticholinergics. Olodaterol belongs to the class of drugs known as long-acting inhaled beta-agonists (LABAs). Both drugs are also known as bronchodilators. This medication must be used regularly to be effective. It does not work right away and should not be used to relieve sudden shortness of breath. If sudden breathing problems occur, use your quick-relief inhaler as prescribed. Tiotropium/olodaterol is not approved to treat asthma. People with asthma using long-acting inhaled beta agonists (such as olodaterol) without also using an inhaled corticosteroid may have an increased risk of serious (sometimes fatal) breathing problems.

Sulfamethoxazole-Trimethoprim

Generic Formulation: Sulfamethoxazole/TrimethoprimSpecialty: Pulmonary Disease
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 28
30-Day Fills 28.0
Days Supply 754
TX State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims27.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills30.4
Peer Average Days Supply411
Standard Average Utilization

This provider's prescribing patterns for this therapeutic formulation sit directly in line with standard baseline averages across TX. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $304.89 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$10.89

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$6.17

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

A drug combination with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. It is effective in the treatment of many infections, including PNEUMOCYSTIS PNEUMONIA in AIDS.

Therapeutic Applications

This medication is a combination of two antibiotics: sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim. It is used to treat a wide variety of bacterial infections (such as middle ear, urine, respiratory, and intestinal infections). It is also used to prevent and treat a certain type of pneumonia (pneumocystis-type). This medication should not be used by children less than 2 months of age due to the risk of serious side effects. This medication treats only certain types of infections. It will not work for viral infections (such as flu). Unnecessary use or misuse of any antibiotic can lead to its decreased effectiveness.

Symbicort

Generic Formulation: Budesonide/Formoterol FumarateSpecialty: Pulmonary Disease
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 37
30-Day Fills 61.0
Days Supply 1,830
TX State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims30.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills43.9
Peer Average Days Supply1,317
Standard Average Utilization

This provider's prescribing patterns for this therapeutic formulation sit directly in line with standard baseline averages across TX. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $24,677.16 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$666.95

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$550.22

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

A pharmaceutical preparation of budesonide and formoterol fumarate that is used as an ANTI-ASTHMATIC AGENT and for the treatment of CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE.

Therapeutic Applications

This product is used to control and prevent symptoms (wheezing and shortness of breath) caused by asthma or ongoing lung disease (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease-COPD, which includes chronic bronchitis and emphysema). It contains 2 medications: budesonide and formoterol. Budesonide belongs to a class of drugs known as corticosteroids. It works by reducing the irritation and swelling of the airways. Formoterol belongs to the class of drugs known as long-acting beta agonists. It works by relaxing the muscles around the airways so that they open up and you can breathe more easily. Controlling symptoms of breathing problems can decrease time lost from work or school. When used alone, long-acting beta agonists (such as formoterol) may rarely increase the risk of serious (sometimes fatal) asthma-related breathing problems. However, combination inhaled corticosteroid and long-acting beta agonists, such as this product, do not increase the risk of serious asthma-related breathing problems. Before using this medication, it is important to learn how to use it properly. If an asthma attack occurs, use your quick-relief inhaler (such as albuterol, also called salbutamol in some countries) as prescribed. See also How to Use section.

Trelegy Ellipta

Generic Formulation: Fluticasone/Umeclidin/VilanterSpecialty: Pulmonary Disease
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 199
30-Day Fills 245.0
Days Supply 7,350
TX State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims55.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills72.8
Peer Average Days Supply2,180
Highly Elevated Utilization

This provider exhibits a high preference for this treatment path, registering a volume 261.8% higher than the standard regional baseline profile for TX. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $161,460.18 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$811.36

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$853.39

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Therapeutic Applications

This product is used to control and prevent symptoms (such as wheezing and shortness of breath) caused by asthma and ongoing lung disease (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease-COPD, which includes chronic bronchitis and emphysema). Controlling symptoms of breathing problems helps you stay active. This inhaler contains 3 medications: fluticasone, umeclidinium, and vilanterol. Fluticasone belongs to a class of drugs known as corticosteroids. It works by reducing swelling of the airways in the lungs to make breathing easier. Umeclidinium belongs to a class of drugs known as anticholinergics and vilanterol is a LABA medication. Both drugs work by relaxing the muscles around the airways so that they open up and you can breathe more easily. Both drugs are also known as bronchodilators. When used alone, long-acting beta agonists (such as vilanterol) may rarely increase the risk of serious (sometimes fatal) asthma-related breathing problems. However, combination products containing both an inhaled corticosteroid and long-acting beta agonist, such as this product, do not increase the risk of serious asthma-related breathing problems. For asthma treatment, this product should be used when breathing problems are not well controlled with two asthma-control medications (such as inhaled corticosteroid and long-acting beta agonist) or if your symptoms need combination treatment. This medication must be used regularly to be effective. It does not work right away and should not be used to relieve sudden shortness of breath. If sudden breathing problems occur, use your quick-relief inhaler as prescribed.

Ventolin Hfa

Generic Formulation: Albuterol SulfateSpecialty: Pulmonary Disease
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 19
30-Day Fills 19.0
Days Supply 429
TX State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims21.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills25.0
Peer Average Days Supply614
Standard Average Utilization

This provider's prescribing patterns for this therapeutic formulation sit directly in line with standard baseline averages across TX. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $1,219.97 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$64.21

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$76.87

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

A short-acting beta-2 adrenergic agonist that is primarily used as a bronchodilator agent to treat ASTHMA. Albuterol is prepared as a racemic mixture of R(-) and S(+) stereoisomers. The stereospecific preparation of R(-) isomer of albuterol is referred to as levalbuterol.

Therapeutic Applications

Albuterol (also known as salbutamol) is used to treat wheezing and shortness of breath caused by breathing problems such as asthma. It is a quick-relief medication. Albuterol belongs to a class of drugs known as bronchodilators. It works by relaxing the muscles around the airways so that they open up and you can breathe more easily. Controlling symptoms of breathing problems can decrease time lost from work or school.

Dataset Methodology & CMS Source Information

This analytical profile maps public infrastructure records sourced directly from official **Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS)** public data releases. The statistics above track documented pharmaceutical treatment trends assigned to beneficiaries specifically under federal public programs. Evaluating the prescriptive footprints of clinical practitioners like SHANNON TURNBOW MD provides transparency into local medical care patterns within Lubbock, TX.

Key Learning Objectives for this Profile:

  • Prescribing Frequencies: Track and evaluate the volume metrics of specific brand-name and generic medical formulas chosen by this provider over time.
  • Clinical Focus Areas: Identify how the provider distributes therapeutic selections across medical care options to gain insight into their true day-to-day **Pulmonary Disease** practice concentrations.
  • Program Cost Awareness: Review the calculated total systemic drug costs and raw transactional volumes linked to these orders to better anticipate network insurance coverage structures.
  • Patient-Centered Evaluation: Cross-reference localized regional care comparisons to align practitioner habits directly with your proactive health maintenance goals.

Data Scope Exclusion & Limitations: The data elements presented above explicitly reflect prescription orders processed for Medicare beneficiaries during the year 2023. This informational profile does not aggregate prescription data for individuals utilizing private commercial health plans, state Medicaid coverage, or self-pay options. However, because medical decision-making remains highly consistent across clinical settings, this public registry provides a reliable proxy for understanding the general prescribing preferences and pharmaceutical care approach used by this provider.