DR. GERALD NICHOLAS SCHMUKER M.D.
Prescription History 1306824321
Psychiatry & Neurology - Child & Adolescent Psychiatry in Spring Lake, MI

NPI Status: Active since January 09, 2006

Contact Information

701 E SAVIDGE ST STE 6
SPRING LAKE, MI
ZIP 49456
Phone: (616) 566-5441

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Prescription History for Informed Healthcare Decisions

Explore the verified Medicare Part D prescription history, volume metrics, and calculated drug costs for DR. GERALD NICHOLAS SCHMUKER M.D., an active Child & Adolescent Psychiatry specialist practicing in Spring Lake, MI. Our medical registry currently tracks 16 unique pharmaceutical formulations prescribed by this provider, representing an estimated volume of 361 documented patient claims. Among these therapy options, the most frequently utilized medication is Dextroamphetamine-Amphetamine, which accounts for 63 claims alone.


Adderall Xr

Generic Formulation: Dextroamphetamine/AmphetamineSpecialty: Psychiatry
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 13
30-Day Fills 13.0
Days Supply 390
MI State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims14.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills14.4
Peer Average Days Supply426
Standard Average Utilization

This provider's prescribing patterns for this therapeutic formulation sit directly in line with standard baseline averages across MI. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $5,083.59 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$391.05

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$332.51

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Therapeutic Applications

This combination medication is used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder - ADHD. It works by changing the amounts of certain natural substances in the brain. Amphetamine/dextroamphetamine belongs to a class of drugs known as stimulants. It can help increase your ability to pay attention, stay focused on an activity, and control behavior problems. It may also help you to organize your tasks and improve listening skills. This drug is also used to treat a certain sleeping disorder (narcolepsy) to help you stay awake during the day. It should not be used to treat tiredness or to hold off sleep in people who do not have a sleep disorder.

Alprazolam

Generic Formulation: AlprazolamSpecialty: Psychiatry
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 44
30-Day Fills 58.0
Days Supply 1,711
MI State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims68.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills77.0
Peer Average Days Supply2,064
Conservative Utilization

This provider writes prescriptions for this formulation 35.3% less frequently than the standard regional baseline metric for practitioners inside MI. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $276.53 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$6.28

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$8.41

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

A triazolobenzodiazepine compound with antianxiety and sedative-hypnotic actions, that is efficacious in the treatment of PANIC DISORDERS, with or without AGORAPHOBIA, and in generalized ANXIETY DISORDERS. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p238)

Therapeutic Applications

Alprazolam is used to treat anxiety and panic disorders. It belongs to a class of medications called benzodiazepines which act on the brain and nerves (central nervous system) to produce a calming effect. It works by enhancing the effects of a certain natural chemical in the body (GABA).

Bupropion Xl

Generic Formulation: Bupropion HclSpecialty: Psychiatry
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 17
30-Day Fills 44.0
Days Supply 1,320
MI State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims35.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills70.7
Peer Average Days Supply2,104
Highly Conservative Utilization

This provider demonstrates a highly selective approach to this formula, recording 51.4% less volume than the regional standard for practitioners inside MI. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $1,214.91 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$71.47

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$45.77

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Therapeutic Applications

Bupropion is used to treat depression. It can improve your mood and feelings of well-being. It may work by helping to restore the balance of certain natural chemicals (neurotransmitters) in your brain.

Buspirone Hcl

Generic Formulation: Buspirone HclSpecialty: Psychiatry
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 16
30-Day Fills 32.0
Days Supply 960
MI State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims41.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills62.3
Peer Average Days Supply1,816
Highly Conservative Utilization

This provider demonstrates a highly selective approach to this formula, recording 61.0% less volume than the regional standard for practitioners inside MI. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $197.46 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$12.34

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$19.25

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Therapeutic Applications

This medication is used to treat anxiety. It may help you think more clearly, relax, worry less, and take part in everyday life. It may also help you to feel less jittery and irritable, and may control symptoms such as trouble sleeping, sweating, and pounding heartbeat. Buspirone is a medication for anxiety (anxiolytic) that works by affecting certain natural substances in the brain (neurotransmitters).

Clonazepam

Generic Formulation: ClonazepamSpecialty: Psychiatry
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 27
30-Day Fills 27.0
Days Supply 810
MI State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims44.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills51.2
Peer Average Days Supply1,434
Conservative Utilization

This provider writes prescriptions for this formulation 38.6% less frequently than the standard regional baseline metric for practitioners inside MI. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $137.32 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$5.09

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$8.81

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

An anticonvulsant used for several types of seizures, including myotonic or atonic seizures, photosensitive epilepsy, and absence seizures, although tolerance may develop. It is seldom effective in generalized tonic-clonic or partial seizures. The mechanism of action appears to involve the enhancement of GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID receptor responses.

Therapeutic Applications

Clonazepam is used to prevent and control seizures. This medication is known as an anticonvulsant or antiepileptic drug. It is also used to treat panic attacks. Clonazepam works by calming your brain and nerves. It belongs to a class of drugs called benzodiazepines.

Desipramine Hcl

Generic Formulation: Desipramine HclSpecialty: Psychiatry
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 13
30-Day Fills 13.0
Days Supply 390
MI State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims15.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills16.8
Peer Average Days Supply481
Standard Average Utilization

This provider's prescribing patterns for this therapeutic formulation sit directly in line with standard baseline averages across MI. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $4,048.59 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$311.43

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$61.07

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Therapeutic Applications

Desipramine is used to treat depression. This medication may improve your mood, sleep, appetite, and energy level and may help restore your interest in daily living. This medication belongs to a class of medications called tricyclic antidepressants. It works by restoring the balance of a certain natural substance (norepinephrine) in the brain. This drug is not recommended for use in children younger than 18 years due to risk of serious side effects.

Dextroamphetamine-Amphet Er

Generic Formulation: Dextroamphetamine/AmphetamineSpecialty: Psychiatry
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 21
30-Day Fills 21.0
Days Supply 596
MI State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims22.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills23.6
Peer Average Days Supply698
Standard Average Utilization

This provider's prescribing patterns for this therapeutic formulation sit directly in line with standard baseline averages across MI. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $656.72 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$31.27

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$68.81

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Therapeutic Applications

This combination medication is used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder - ADHD. It works by changing the amounts of certain natural substances in the brain. Amphetamine/dextroamphetamine belongs to a class of drugs known as stimulants. It can help increase your ability to pay attention, stay focused on an activity, and control behavior problems. It may also help you to organize your tasks and improve listening skills. This drug is also used to treat a certain sleeping disorder (narcolepsy) to help you stay awake during the day. It should not be used to treat tiredness or to hold off sleep in people who do not have a sleep disorder.

Dextroamphetamine-Amphetamine

Generic Formulation: Dextroamphetamine/AmphetamineSpecialty: Psychiatry
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 63
30-Day Fills 65.0
Days Supply 1,950
MI State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims32.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills33.9
Peer Average Days Supply996
Highly Elevated Utilization

This provider exhibits a high preference for this treatment path, registering a volume 96.9% higher than the standard regional baseline profile for MI. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $2,838.32 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$45.05

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$39.62

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Therapeutic Applications

This combination medication is used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder - ADHD. It works by changing the amounts of certain natural substances in the brain. Amphetamine/dextroamphetamine belongs to a class of drugs known as stimulants. It can help increase your ability to pay attention, stay focused on an activity, and control behavior problems. It may also help you to organize your tasks and improve listening skills. This drug is also used to treat a certain sleeping disorder (narcolepsy) to help you stay awake during the day. It should not be used to treat tiredness or to hold off sleep in people who do not have a sleep disorder.

Fluoxetine Hcl

Generic Formulation: Fluoxetine HclSpecialty: Psychiatry
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 20
30-Day Fills 46.0
Days Supply 1,380
MI State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims37.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills74.1
Peer Average Days Supply2,196
Conservative Utilization

This provider writes prescriptions for this formulation 45.9% less frequently than the standard regional baseline metric for practitioners inside MI. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $208.77 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$10.44

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$16.63

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

The first highly specific serotonin uptake inhibitor. It is used as an antidepressant and often has a more acceptable side-effects profile than traditional antidepressants.

Therapeutic Applications

This long-acting form of fluoxetine is used to treat depression in people who have been successfully treated with the form of fluoxetine that is taken daily. Fluoxetine is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI). SSRIs work by helping to restore the balance of certain natural substances in the brain (neurotransmitters such as serotonin). Fluoxetine may decrease anxiety, improve your mood, sleep, appetite, and energy level and may help restore your interest in daily living.

Fluvoxamine Maleate

Generic Formulation: Fluvoxamine MaleateSpecialty: Psychiatry
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 13
30-Day Fills 21.0
Days Supply 630
MI State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims24.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills27.7
Peer Average Days Supply767
Conservative Utilization

This provider writes prescriptions for this formulation 45.8% less frequently than the standard regional baseline metric for practitioners inside MI. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $834.72 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$64.21

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$46.01

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

A selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor that is used in the treatment of DEPRESSION and a variety of ANXIETY DISORDERS.

Therapeutic Applications

Fluvoxamine is used to treat obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). It helps decrease thoughts that are unwanted or that don't go away (obsessions), and it helps to reduce the urge to perform repeated tasks (compulsions such as hand-washing, counting, checking) that interfere with daily living. Fluvoxamine is known as a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI). This medication works by helping to restore the balance of a certain natural substance (serotonin) in the brain.

Hydrocodone-Acetaminophen

Generic Formulation: Hydrocodone/AcetaminophenSpecialty: Psychiatry
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 18
30-Day Fills 18.0
Days Supply 345
MI State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims94.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills95.2
Peer Average Days Supply2,065
Highly Conservative Utilization

This provider demonstrates a highly selective approach to this formula, recording 80.9% less volume than the regional standard for practitioners inside MI. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $222.99 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$12.39

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$19.98

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Therapeutic Applications

This combination medication is used to relieve moderate to severe pain. It contains an opioid pain reliever (hydrocodone) and a non-opioid pain reliever (acetaminophen). Hydrocodone works in the brain to change how your body feels and responds to pain. Acetaminophen can also reduce a fever.

Quetiapine Fumarate

Generic Formulation: Quetiapine FumarateSpecialty: Psychiatry
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 27
30-Day Fills 52.0
Days Supply 1,560
MI State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims58.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills77.6
Peer Average Days Supply2,224
Highly Conservative Utilization

This provider demonstrates a highly selective approach to this formula, recording 53.4% less volume than the regional standard for practitioners inside MI. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $360.13 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$13.34

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$30.54

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

A dibenzothiazepine and ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENT that targets the SEROTONIN 5-HT2 RECEPTOR; HISTAMINE H1 RECEPTOR, adrenergic alpha1 and alpha2 receptors, as well as the DOPAMINE D1 RECEPTOR and DOPAMINE D2 RECEPTOR. It is used in the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA; BIPOLAR DISORDER and DEPRESSIVE DISORDER.

Therapeutic Applications

This medication is used to treat certain mental/mood conditions (such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, sudden episodes of mania or depression associated with bipolar disorder). Quetiapine is known as an anti-psychotic drug (atypical type). It works by helping to restore the balance of certain natural substances (neurotransmitters) in the brain. This medication can decrease hallucinations and improve your concentration. It helps you to think more clearly and positively about yourself, feel less nervous, and take a more active part in everyday life. It may also improve your mood, sleep, appetite, and energy level. Quetiapine can help prevent severe mood swings or decrease how often mood swings occur.

Trazodone Hcl

Generic Formulation: Trazodone HclSpecialty: Psychiatry
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 11
30-Day Fills 23.0
Days Supply 690
MI State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims59.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills103.7
Peer Average Days Supply3,053
Highly Conservative Utilization

This provider demonstrates a highly selective approach to this formula, recording 81.4% less volume than the regional standard for practitioners inside MI. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $120.45 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$10.95

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$13.20

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Therapeutic Applications

This medication is used to treat depression. It may help to improve your mood, appetite, and energy level as well as decrease anxiety and insomnia related to depression. Trazodone works by helping to restore the balance of a certain natural chemical (serotonin) in the brain.

Trintellix

Generic Formulation: Vortioxetine HydrobromideSpecialty: Psychiatry
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 17
30-Day Fills 19.0
Days Supply 570
MI State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims30.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills36.0
Peer Average Days Supply1,028
Conservative Utilization

This provider writes prescriptions for this formulation 43.3% less frequently than the standard regional baseline metric for practitioners inside MI. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $8,712.32 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$512.49

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$533.16

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

A piperazine derivative that acts as a serotonin reuptake inhibitor, as a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, and 5-HT1A receptor agonist. It is used for the treatment of anxiety and depression.

Therapeutic Applications

This medication is used to treat depression. It works by helping to restore the balance of a certain natural substance (serotonin) in the brain. Vortioxetine is an SSRI (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor) and serotonin receptor modulator. This medication may improve your mood, sleep, appetite, and energy level and may help restore your interest in daily living.

Venlafaxine Hcl Er

Generic Formulation: Venlafaxine HclSpecialty: Psychiatry
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 26
30-Day Fills 53.0
Days Supply 1,562
MI State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims32.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills64.8
Peer Average Days Supply1,920
Standard Average Utilization

This provider's prescribing patterns for this therapeutic formulation sit directly in line with standard baseline averages across MI. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $1,363.63 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$52.45

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$33.35

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Therapeutic Applications

Venlafaxine is used to treat depression, anxiety, panic attacks, and social anxiety disorder (social phobia). It may improve your mood and energy level and may help restore your interest in daily living. It may also decrease fear, anxiety, unwanted thoughts, and the number of panic attacks. Venlafaxine is known as a serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI). It works by helping to restore the balance of certain natural substances (serotonin and norepinephrine) in the brain.

Vyvanse

Generic Formulation: Lisdexamfetamine DimesylateSpecialty: Psychiatry
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 15
30-Day Fills 15.0
Days Supply 450
MI State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims19.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills20.6
Peer Average Days Supply608
Standard Average Utilization

This provider's prescribing patterns for this therapeutic formulation sit directly in line with standard baseline averages across MI. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $5,986.86 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$399.12

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$395.51

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

A dextroamphetamine drug precursor that also functions as a CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM STIMULANT and DOPAMINE UPTAKE INHIBITOR and is used in the treatment of ATTENTION DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER.

Therapeutic Applications

Lisdexamfetamine is used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) as part of a total treatment plan, including psychological, social, and other treatments. It may help to increase the ability to pay attention, stay focused, and stop fidgeting. Lisdexamfetamine may also be used to treat binge eating disorder (BED). It may help to reduce the number of binge eating days. This medication is a stimulant. It is thought to work by restoring the balance of certain natural chemicals (neurotransmitters) in the brain. This medication is not recommended for use for weight loss due to the risk of serious side effects.

Dataset Methodology & CMS Source Information

This analytical profile maps public infrastructure records sourced directly from official **Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS)** public data releases. The statistics above track documented pharmaceutical treatment trends assigned to beneficiaries specifically under federal public programs. Evaluating the prescriptive footprints of clinical practitioners like DR. GERALD NICHOLAS SCHMUKER M.D. provides transparency into local medical care patterns within Spring Lake, MI.

Key Learning Objectives for this Profile:

  • Prescribing Frequencies: Track and evaluate the volume metrics of specific brand-name and generic medical formulas chosen by this provider over time.
  • Clinical Focus Areas: Identify how the provider distributes therapeutic selections across medical care options to gain insight into their true day-to-day **Child & Adolescent Psychiatry** practice concentrations.
  • Program Cost Awareness: Review the calculated total systemic drug costs and raw transactional volumes linked to these orders to better anticipate network insurance coverage structures.
  • Patient-Centered Evaluation: Cross-reference localized regional care comparisons to align practitioner habits directly with your proactive health maintenance goals.

Data Scope Exclusion & Limitations: The data elements presented above explicitly reflect prescription orders processed for Medicare beneficiaries during the year 2023. This informational profile does not aggregate prescription data for individuals utilizing private commercial health plans, state Medicaid coverage, or self-pay options. However, because medical decision-making remains highly consistent across clinical settings, this public registry provides a reliable proxy for understanding the general prescribing preferences and pharmaceutical care approach used by this provider.