MS. BETHANY NICHOLE COWAN FNP-C
Prescription History 1164094744
Nurse Practitioner - Family in Tyler, TX
Medicare Part D Prescription History
Explore the verified Medicare Part D prescription history, volume metrics, and calculated drug costs for MS. BETHANY NICHOLE COWAN FNP-C, an active Family specialist practicing in Tyler, TX. Our medical registry currently tracks 18 unique pharmaceutical formulations prescribed by this provider, representing an estimated volume of 3,331 documented patient claims. Among these therapy options, the most frequently utilized medication is Eliquis, which accounts for 991 claims alone. Use the table below to sort by claims, cost, or utilization compared with the state average; select any medication for its full profile.
| Medication | Prescriptions (2024)Rx (2024) | Avg Cost per FillCost / Fill | Vs. Other TX PrescribersVs. TX Avg |
|---|---|---|---|
| EliquisApixaban | 991 | $902.86 | ▲ More than typical |
About Eliquis: Apixaban is used to prevent serious blood clots from forming due to a certain irregular heartbeat (atrial fibrillation) or after hip/knee replacement surgery. Show more ▾ With atrial fibrillation, part of the heart does not beat the way it should. This can lead to blood clots forming, which can travel to other parts of your body (such as the lungs or legs) or increase your risk for stroke. In the United States, apixaban is also approved to treat certain types of blood clots (deep vein thrombosis-DVT, pulmonary embolus-PE) and to prevent them from forming again. Apixaban is an anticoagulant that works by blocking certain clotting proteins in your blood. An antithrombotic agent. In 2024, this provider wrote 991 Medicare prescriptions for Eliquis, about 12 times the volume of the typical Texas prescriber of this medication (81.5). Medicare paid an average of $902.86 per fill, versus $870.72 statewide. How often this provider prescribes it This provider prescribes this medication more often than the average TX prescriber. Utilization reflects practice size as well as clinical preference. What Medicare paid per fill Gross Part D cost per fill; not the patient's out-of-pocket price. 1,620.7 30-Day Fills standardized to 30-day supplies 48,335 Days of Medication total across all patients in 2024 | |||
| Metoprolol Succinate | 546 | $15.14 | ▲ More than typical |
About Metoprolol Succinate: This medication is a beta-blocker used to treat chest pain (angina), heart failure, and high blood pressure. Show more ▾ Lowering high blood pressure helps prevent strokes, heart attacks, and kidney problems. This drug works by blocking the action of certain natural chemicals in your body (such as epinephrine) that affect the heart and blood vessels. This lowers heart rate, blood pressure, and strain on the heart. A selective adrenergic beta-1 blocking agent that is commonly used to treat ANGINA PECTORIS; HYPERTENSION; and CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS. In 2024, this provider wrote 546 Medicare prescriptions for Metoprolol Succinate, about 5.4 times the volume of the typical Texas prescriber of this medication (100.9). Medicare paid an average of $15.14 per fill, versus $14.00 statewide. How often this provider prescribes it This provider prescribes this medication more often than the average TX prescriber. Utilization reflects practice size as well as clinical preference. What Medicare paid per fill Gross Part D cost per fill; not the patient's out-of-pocket price. 1,423.6 30-Day Fills standardized to 30-day supplies 42,684 Days of Medication total across all patients in 2024 | |||
| XareltoRivaroxaban | 387 | $875.58▼ below TX avg | ▲ More than typical |
About Xarelto: Rivaroxaban is used to prevent blood clots from forming due to a certain irregular heartbeat (atrial fibrillation) or after hip or knee replacement surgery. Show more ▾ It is also used to prevent blood clots from forming in high-risk patients with limited mobility during their hospital stay and after discharge. In addition, rivaroxaban is used to treat blood clots (such as in deep vein thrombosis-DVT or pulmonary embolus-PE) and to prevent the blood clots from forming again. Rivaroxaban may be used in children to prevent blood clots from forming after a certain heart surgery (Fontan procedure). Rivaroxaban is an anticoagulant that works by blocking certain clotting proteins in your blood. A morpholine and thiophene derivative that functions as a FACTOR XA INHIBITOR and is used in the treatment and prevention of DEEP-VEIN THROMBOSIS and PULMONARY EMBOLISM. It is also used for the prevention of STROKE and systemic embolization in patients with non-valvular ATRIAL FIBRILLATION, and for the prevention of atherothrombotic events in patients after an ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME. In 2024, this provider wrote 387 Medicare prescriptions for Xarelto, about 8.6 times the volume of the typical Texas prescriber of this medication (45.2). Medicare paid an average of $875.58 per fill, versus $943.32 statewide. How often this provider prescribes it This provider prescribes this medication more often than the average TX prescriber. Utilization reflects practice size as well as clinical preference. What Medicare paid per fill This provider's average cost per fill is below the TX average for this medication. 627.7 30-Day Fills standardized to 30-day supplies 18,735 Days of Medication total across all patients in 2024 | |||
| Metoprolol Tartrate | 262 | $7.04 | ▲ More than typical |
About Metoprolol Tartrate: Metoprolol is used with or without other medications to treat high blood pressure (hypertension). Show more ▾ Lowering high blood pressure helps prevent strokes, heart attacks, and kidney problems. This medication is also used to treat chest pain (angina) and to improve survival after a heart attack. Metoprolol belongs to a class of drugs known as beta blockers. It works by blocking the action of certain natural chemicals in your body, such as epinephrine, on the heart and blood vessels. This effect lowers the heart rate, blood pressure, and strain on the heart. A selective adrenergic beta-1 blocking agent that is commonly used to treat ANGINA PECTORIS; HYPERTENSION; and CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS. In 2024, this provider wrote 262 Medicare prescriptions for Metoprolol Tartrate, about 4.5 times the volume of the typical Texas prescriber of this medication (58.5). Medicare paid an average of $7.04 per fill, versus $6.73 statewide. How often this provider prescribes it This provider prescribes this medication more often than the average TX prescriber. Utilization reflects practice size as well as clinical preference. What Medicare paid per fill Gross Part D cost per fill; not the patient's out-of-pocket price. 703 30-Day Fills standardized to 30-day supplies 21,027 Days of Medication total across all patients in 2024 | |||
| Amiodarone Hcl | 226 | $19.81▼ below TX avg | ▲ More than typical |
About Amiodarone Hcl: This medication is used to treat certain types of serious (possibly fatal) irregular heartbeat (such as recurrent ventricular fibrillation/tachycardia). Show more ▾ It is used to restore normal heart rhythm and maintain a regular, steady heartbeat. Amiodarone is known as an anti-arrhythmic drug. It works by blocking certain electrical signals in the heart that can cause an irregular heartbeat. An antianginal and class III antiarrhythmic drug. It increases the duration of ventricular and atrial muscle action by inhibiting POTASSIUM CHANNELS and VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS. There is a resulting decrease in heart rate and in vascular resistance. In 2024, this provider wrote 226 Medicare prescriptions for Amiodarone Hcl, about 5 times the volume of the typical Texas prescriber of this medication (44.9). Medicare paid an average of $19.81 per fill, versus $23.63 statewide. How often this provider prescribes it This provider prescribes this medication more often than the average TX prescriber. Utilization reflects practice size as well as clinical preference. What Medicare paid per fill This provider's average cost per fill is below the TX average for this medication. 419.9 30-Day Fills standardized to 30-day supplies 12,352 Days of Medication total across all patients in 2024 | |||
| Flecainide Acetate | 212 | $33.88▼ below TX avg | ▲ More than typical |
About Flecainide Acetate: This medication is used to treat certain types of serious (possibly fatal) irregular heartbeat (such as sustained ventricular tachycardia and paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia). Show more ▾ It is used to restore normal heart rhythm and maintain a regular, steady heartbeat. It is also used to prevent certain types of irregular heartbeat from returning (such as atrial fibrillation). Flecainide is known as an anti-arrhythmic drug. It works by blocking certain electrical signals in the heart that can cause an irregular heartbeat. Treating an irregular heartbeat can decrease the risk for blood clots, and this effect can reduce your risk of heart attack or stroke. Older adults should discuss the risks and benefits of this medication with their doctor or pharmacist, as well as other effective and possibly safer treatments. A potent anti-arrhythmia agent, effective in a wide range of ventricular and atrial ARRHYTHMIAS and TACHYCARDIAS. In 2024, this provider wrote 212 Medicare prescriptions for Flecainide Acetate, about 4 times the volume of the typical Texas prescriber of this medication (52.4). Medicare paid an average of $33.88 per fill, versus $37.86 statewide. How often this provider prescribes it This provider prescribes this medication more often than the average TX prescriber. Utilization reflects practice size as well as clinical preference. What Medicare paid per fill This provider's average cost per fill is below the TX average for this medication. 416.8 30-Day Fills standardized to 30-day supplies 12,475 Days of Medication total across all patients in 2024 | |||
| SotalolSotalol Hcl | 202 | $20.66 | ▲ More than typical |
About Sotalol: This medication is used to treat a serious (possibly life-threatening) type of fast heartbeat called sustained ventricular tachycardia. Show more ▾ It is also used to treat certain fast/irregular heartbeats (atrial fibrillation/flutter) in patients with severe symptoms such as weakness and shortness of breath. Sotalol helps to lessen these symptoms. It slows the heart rate and helps the heart to beat more normally and regularly. This medication is both a beta blocker and an anti-arrhythmic. An adrenergic beta-antagonist that is used in the treatment of life-threatening arrhythmias. In 2024, this provider wrote 202 Medicare prescriptions for Sotalol, about 4.8 times the volume of the typical Texas prescriber of this medication (41.9). Medicare paid an average of $20.66 per fill, versus $20.27 statewide. How often this provider prescribes it This provider prescribes this medication more often than the average TX prescriber. Utilization reflects practice size as well as clinical preference. What Medicare paid per fill Gross Part D cost per fill; not the patient's out-of-pocket price. 499 30-Day Fills standardized to 30-day supplies 14,926 Days of Medication total across all patients in 2024 | |||
| MultaqDronedarone Hcl | 148 | $1,123.43▼ below TX avg | ▲ More than typical |
About Multaq: This medication is used if you have had certain types of irregular heartbeat (paroxysmal or persistent atrial fibrillation) in the past but now have a normal heart rhythm. Show more ▾ It helps you keep a normal heart rhythm and lowers your chance of having to go to the hospital for atrial fibrillation. Dronedarone is known as an antiarrhythmic drug. This medication should not be used if you have permanent atrial fibrillation because of the increased risk of very serious side effects. See also Warning section. A non-iodinated derivative of amiodarone that is used for the treatment of ARRHYTHMIA. In 2024, this provider wrote 148 Medicare prescriptions for Multaq, about 4.6 times the volume of the typical Texas prescriber of this medication (32). Medicare paid an average of $1,123.43 per fill, versus $1,191.56 statewide. How often this provider prescribes it This provider prescribes this medication more often than the average TX prescriber. Utilization reflects practice size as well as clinical preference. What Medicare paid per fill This provider's average cost per fill is below the TX average for this medication. 221.4 30-Day Fills standardized to 30-day supplies 6,641 Days of Medication total across all patients in 2024 | |||
| Digoxin | 106 | $18.90▼ below TX avg | ▲ More than typical |
About Digoxin: Digoxin is used to treat heart failure, usually along with other medications. Show more ▾ It is also used to treat certain types of irregular heartbeat (such as chronic atrial fibrillation). Treating heart failure may help maintain your ability to walk and exercise and may improve the strength of your heart. Treating an irregular heartbeat can also improve your ability to exercise. Digoxin belongs to a class of medications called cardiac glycosides. It works by affecting certain minerals (sodium and potassium) inside heart cells. This reduces strain on the heart and helps it maintain a normal, steady, and strong heartbeat. A cardiotonic glycoside obtained mainly from Digitalis lanata; it consists of three sugars and the aglycone DIGOXIGENIN. Digoxin has positive inotropic and negative chronotropic activity. It is used to control ventricular rate in ATRIAL FIBRILLATION and in the management of congestive heart failure with atrial fibrillation. Its use in congestive heart failure and sinus rhythm is less certain. The margin between toxic and therapeutic doses is small. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p666) In 2024, this provider wrote 106 Medicare prescriptions for Digoxin, about 3.4 times the volume of the typical Texas prescriber of this medication (30.8). Medicare paid an average of $18.90 per fill, versus $22.47 statewide. How often this provider prescribes it This provider prescribes this medication more often than the average TX prescriber. Utilization reflects practice size as well as clinical preference. What Medicare paid per fill This provider's average cost per fill is below the TX average for this medication. 207.8 30-Day Fills standardized to 30-day supplies 6,175 Days of Medication total across all patients in 2024 | |||
| Carvedilol | 98 | $7.91▼ below TX avg | ▲ More than typical |
About Carvedilol: Carvedilol is used to treat high blood pressure and heart failure. Show more ▾ It is also used after a heart attack to improve the chance of survival if your heart is not pumping well. Lowering high blood pressure helps prevent strokes, heart attacks, and kidney problems. This drug works by blocking the action of certain natural substances in your body, such as epinephrine, on the heart and blood vessels. This effect lowers your heart rate, blood pressure, and strain on your heart. Carvedilol belongs to a class of drugs known as alpha and beta blockers. A carbazole and propanol derivative that acts as a non-cardioselective beta blocker and vasodilator. It has blocking activity for ALPHA 1 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS and, at higher doses, may function as a blocker of CALCIUM CHANNELS; it also has antioxidant properties. Carvedilol is used in the treatment of HYPERTENSION; ANGINA PECTORIS; and HEART FAILURE. It can also reduce the risk of death following MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION. In 2024, this provider wrote 98 Medicare prescriptions for Carvedilol, about 1.4 times the volume of the typical Texas prescriber of this medication (70.7). Medicare paid an average of $7.91 per fill, versus $8.22 statewide. How often this provider prescribes it This provider prescribes this medication more often than the average TX prescriber. Utilization reflects practice size as well as clinical preference. What Medicare paid per fill This provider's average cost per fill is below the TX average for this medication. 242.3 30-Day Fills standardized to 30-day supplies 7,246 Days of Medication total across all patients in 2024 | |||
| Diltiazem 24hr Er (Cd)Diltiazem Hcl | 29 | $10.84▼ below TX avg | ≈ Typical |
About Diltiazem 24hr Er (Cd): Diltiazem is used to treat high blood pressure (hypertension) and prevent chest pain (angina). Show more ▾ Lowering high blood pressure helps prevent strokes, heart attacks, and kidney problems. When used regularly, diltiazem can decrease the number and severity of episodes of chest pain from angina. It may help increase your ability to exercise. Diltiazem is called a calcium channel blocker. It works by relaxing blood vessels in the body and heart so blood can flow more easily. Diltiazem also lowers your heart rate. These effects help the heart work less hard and lower blood pressure. A benzothiazepine derivative with vasodilating action due to its antagonism of the actions of CALCIUM ion on membrane functions. In 2024, this provider wrote 29 Medicare prescriptions for Diltiazem 24hr Er (Cd), about the same volume as the typical Texas prescriber of this medication (29.1). Medicare paid an average of $10.84 per fill, versus $27.10 statewide. How often this provider prescribes it This provider's prescribing volume for this medication is in line with the average TX prescriber. Utilization reflects practice size as well as clinical preference. What Medicare paid per fill This provider's average cost per fill is below the TX average for this medication. 77 30-Day Fills standardized to 30-day supplies 2,310 Days of Medication total across all patients in 2024 | |||
| Dofetilide | 26 | $206.89 | ▼ Less than typical |
About Dofetilide: This medication is used to treat certain types of serious (possibly fatal) irregular heartbeat (such as atrial fibrillation/flutter). Show more ▾ It is used to restore normal heart rhythm and maintain a regular, steady heartbeat. Dofetilide is known as an anti-arrhythmic drug. It works by blocking the activity of certain electrical signals in the heart that can cause an irregular heartbeat. Treating an irregular heartbeat can decrease the risk for blood clots, and this effect can reduce your risk of heart attack or stroke. Potassium channel antagonist that has class III activity. In 2024, this provider wrote 26 Medicare prescriptions for Dofetilide, about half the volume of the typical Texas prescriber of this medication (46.8). Medicare paid an average of $206.89 per fill, versus $169.13 statewide. How often this provider prescribes it This provider prescribes this medication less often than the average TX prescriber. Utilization reflects practice size as well as clinical preference. What Medicare paid per fill Gross Part D cost per fill; not the patient's out-of-pocket price. 62 30-Day Fills standardized to 30-day supplies 1,860 Days of Medication total across all patients in 2024 | |||
| Diltiazem 12hr ErDiltiazem Hcl | 22 | $182.63 | ▲ More than typical |
About Diltiazem 12hr Er: Diltiazem 12-hour sustained-action capsules are used to treat high blood pressure (hypertension). Show more ▾ Lowering high blood pressure helps prevent strokes, heart attacks, and kidney problems. Diltiazem is called a calcium channel blocker. It works by relaxing blood vessels in the body and heart so blood can flow more easily. This effect lowers blood pressure. Diltiazem may also lower your heart rate. A benzothiazepine derivative with vasodilating action due to its antagonism of the actions of CALCIUM ion on membrane functions. In 2024, this provider wrote 22 Medicare prescriptions for Diltiazem 12hr Er, about 1.3 times the volume of the typical Texas prescriber of this medication (16.4). Medicare paid an average of $182.63 per fill, versus $153.11 statewide. How often this provider prescribes it This provider prescribes this medication more often than the average TX prescriber. Utilization reflects practice size as well as clinical preference. What Medicare paid per fill Gross Part D cost per fill; not the patient's out-of-pocket price. 48 30-Day Fills standardized to 30-day supplies 1,440 Days of Medication total across all patients in 2024 | |||
| Diltiazem Hcl | 22 | $23.63 | ≈ Typical |
About Diltiazem Hcl: Diltiazem is used to prevent chest pain (angina). Show more ▾ It may help to increase your ability to exercise and decrease how often you may get angina attacks. Diltiazem is called a calcium channel blocker. It works by relaxing blood vessels in the body and heart and lowers the heart rate. Blood can flow more easily and your heart works less hard to pump blood. A benzothiazepine derivative with vasodilating action due to its antagonism of the actions of CALCIUM ion on membrane functions. In 2024, this provider wrote 22 Medicare prescriptions for Diltiazem Hcl, about the same volume as the typical Texas prescriber of this medication (22). Medicare paid an average of $23.63 per fill, versus $23.35 statewide. How often this provider prescribes it This provider's prescribing volume for this medication is in line with the average TX prescriber. Utilization reflects practice size as well as clinical preference. What Medicare paid per fill Gross Part D cost per fill; not the patient's out-of-pocket price. 44 30-Day Fills standardized to 30-day supplies 1,305 Days of Medication total across all patients in 2024 | |||
| Dilt-XrDiltiazem Hcl | 16 | $23.19▼ below TX avg | ≈ Typical |
About Dilt-Xr: Diltiazem is used to treat high blood pressure (hypertension) and prevent chest pain (angina). Show more ▾ Lowering high blood pressure helps prevent strokes, heart attacks, and kidney problems. When used regularly, diltiazem can decrease the number and severity of episodes of chest pain from angina. It may help increase your ability to exercise. Diltiazem is called a calcium channel blocker. It works by relaxing blood vessels in the body and heart so blood can flow more easily. Diltiazem also lowers your heart rate. These effects help the heart work less hard and lower blood pressure. A benzothiazepine derivative with vasodilating action due to its antagonism of the actions of CALCIUM ion on membrane functions. In 2024, this provider wrote 16 Medicare prescriptions for Dilt-Xr, about the same volume as the typical Texas prescriber of this medication (16.7). Medicare paid an average of $23.19 per fill, versus $31.96 statewide. How often this provider prescribes it This provider's prescribing volume for this medication is in line with the average TX prescriber. Utilization reflects practice size as well as clinical preference. What Medicare paid per fill This provider's average cost per fill is below the TX average for this medication. 22 30-Day Fills standardized to 30-day supplies 660 Days of Medication total across all patients in 2024 | |||
| Mexiletine Hcl | 14 | $86.65▼ below TX avg | ▼ Less than typical |
About Mexiletine Hcl: This medication is used to treat certain types of serious (possibly fatal) irregular heartbeat (such as sustained ventricular tachycardia). Show more ▾ It is used to restore normal heart rhythm and maintain a regular, steady heartbeat. Mexiletine is known as an anti-arrhythmic drug. It works by blocking certain electrical signals in the heart that can cause an irregular heartbeat. Treating an irregular heartbeat can decrease the risk for blood clots, and this effect can reduce your risk of heart attack or stroke. Antiarrhythmic agent pharmacologically similar to LIDOCAINE. It may have some anticonvulsant properties. In 2024, this provider wrote 14 Medicare prescriptions for Mexiletine Hcl, about 63% of the volume of the typical Texas prescriber of this medication (22.3). Medicare paid an average of $86.65 per fill, versus $89.07 statewide. How often this provider prescribes it This provider prescribes this medication less often than the average TX prescriber. Utilization reflects practice size as well as clinical preference. What Medicare paid per fill This provider's average cost per fill is below the TX average for this medication. 22 30-Day Fills standardized to 30-day supplies 660 Days of Medication total across all patients in 2024 | |||
| ClopidogrelClopidogrel Bisulfate | 12 | $7.20▼ below TX avg | ▼ Less than typical |
About Clopidogrel: Clopidogrel is used to prevent heart attacks and strokes in persons with heart disease (recent heart attack), recent stroke, or blood circulation disease (peripheral vascular disease). Show more ▾ It is also used with aspirin to treat new/worsening chest pain (new heart attack, unstable angina) and to keep blood vessels open and prevent blood clots after certain procedures (such as cardiac stent). Clopidogrel works by blocking platelets from sticking together and prevents them from forming harmful clots. It is an antiplatelet drug. It helps keep blood flowing smoothly in your body. A ticlopidine analog and platelet purinergic P2Y receptor antagonist that inhibits adenosine diphosphate-mediated PLATELET AGGREGATION. It is used to prevent THROMBOEMBOLISM in patients with ARTERIAL OCCLUSIVE DISEASES; MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; STROKE; or ATRIAL FIBRILLATION. In 2024, this provider wrote 12 Medicare prescriptions for Clopidogrel, about 19% of the volume of the typical Texas prescriber of this medication (64.4). Medicare paid an average of $7.20 per fill, versus $11.09 statewide. How often this provider prescribes it This provider prescribes this medication less often than the average TX prescriber. Utilization reflects practice size as well as clinical preference. What Medicare paid per fill This provider's average cost per fill is below the TX average for this medication. 20 30-Day Fills standardized to 30-day supplies 600 Days of Medication total across all patients in 2024 | |||
| Droxidopa | 12 | $180.86▼ below TX avg | ▼ Less than typical |
About Droxidopa: Droxidopa is used to treat symptoms of low blood pressure when standing, caused by a certain medical condition (neurogenic orthostatic hypotension-NOH). Show more ▾ This medication can lessen symptoms of low blood pressure when standing (orthostatic hypotension), such as dizziness, lightheadedness, or the "feeling that you are about to black out." Droxidopa is used by people whose daily activities are severely affected by this condition, even after other treatments are used (such as support stockings, water bolus). It is thought to work by making the blood vessels become more narrow, which increases blood pressure. A synthetic precursor of norepinephrine that is used in the treatment of PARKINSONIAN DISORDERS and ORTHOSTATIC HYPOTENSION. In 2024, this provider wrote 12 Medicare prescriptions for Droxidopa, about half the volume of the typical Texas prescriber of this medication (21.3). Medicare paid an average of $180.86 per fill, versus $2,530.66 statewide. How often this provider prescribes it This provider prescribes this medication less often than the average TX prescriber. Utilization reflects practice size as well as clinical preference. What Medicare paid per fill This provider's average cost per fill is below the TX average for this medication. 12 30-Day Fills standardized to 30-day supplies 360 Days of Medication total across all patients in 2024 | |||
About this data. The prescription history for MS. BETHANY NICHOLE COWAN FNP-C is compiled from the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) Medicare Part D Prescriber Public Use File for calendar year 2024, the most recent federal release. Figures cover prescriptions filled for Medicare Part D beneficiaries only; prescriptions under private insurance, Medicaid, or self-pay plans are not included. Because prescribing decisions are generally consistent across coverage types, this record offers a useful view of the overall Family prescribing approach at this Tyler, TX practice.
Reading the costs. Drug costs are gross amounts paid to pharmacies under Part D, including both plan and beneficiary payments. They are not the price a patient pays at the pharmacy counter. Medications with fewer than 11 claims are excluded from the federal source data, and state comparisons use the average among TX prescribers of the same medication and form, shown only when at least five prescribers contribute. Always confirm current medications and costs directly with the provider and your plan.
About the medication summaries. Drug use descriptions come from the CMS Medicare Part D Drug Spending Dashboard (2024), and substance definitions from Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) 2026, U.S. National Library of Medicine. They are summaries that do not contain all possible information about a medication and are not individual medical advice. Ask a health care professional about any medication and your specific health needs.
