DR. STEPHEN ROSS SHOROFSKY M.D.
Prescription History 1124068721
Internal Medicine - Clinical Cardiac Electrophysiology in Baltimore, MD

Active since June 08, 2006PECOS EnrolledAccepts Medicare Assignment
22 S GREENE ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201(410) 328-5793(410) 328-0248 Get Directions

NPPES record last updated: March 4, 2025. Verified against the NPPES registry weekly; last sync: October 18, 2026.

Medicare Part D Prescription History

Explore the verified Medicare Part D prescription history, volume metrics, and calculated drug costs for DR. STEPHEN ROSS SHOROFSKY M.D., an active Clinical Cardiac Electrophysiology specialist practicing in Baltimore, MD. Our medical registry currently tracks 17 unique pharmaceutical formulations prescribed by this provider, representing an estimated volume of 831 documented patient claims. Among these therapy options, the most frequently utilized medication is Metoprolol Succinate, which accounts for 177 claims alone. Use the table below to sort by claims, cost, or utilization compared with the state average; select any medication for its full profile.

17
Medications
831
Total Claims
2,116
30-Day Fills
Metoprolol Succinate
Most Prescribed · 177 claims
View details
17 medications · 2024 Medicare Part D
Medicare Part D medications prescribed by DR. STEPHEN ROSS SHOROFSKY M.D. in 2024, with prescription volumes, average cost per fill, and MD state comparisons
Medication Prescriptions (2024)Rx (2024) Avg Cost per FillCost / Fill Vs. Other MD PrescribersVs. MD Avg

About Metoprolol Succinate: This medication is a beta-blocker used to treat chest pain (angina), heart failure, and high blood pressure. Show more ▾

Lowering high blood pressure helps prevent strokes, heart attacks, and kidney problems. This drug works by blocking the action of certain natural chemicals in your body (such as epinephrine) that affect the heart and blood vessels. This lowers heart rate, blood pressure, and strain on the heart. A selective adrenergic beta-1 blocking agent that is commonly used to treat ANGINA PECTORIS; HYPERTENSION; and CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS.

In 2024, this provider wrote 177 Medicare prescriptions for Metoprolol Succinate, about 1.9 times the volume of the typical Maryland prescriber of this medication (94.6). Medicare paid an average of $22.04 per fill, versus $17.16 statewide.

How often this provider prescribes it

This provider
177
MD average
94.6

This provider prescribes this medication more often than the average MD prescriber. Utilization reflects practice size as well as clinical preference.

What Medicare paid per fill

This provider
$22.04
MD average
$17.16

Gross Part D cost per fill; not the patient's out-of-pocket price.

480.9
30-Day Fills
standardized to 30-day supplies
14,426
Days of Medication
total across all patients in 2024

About Eliquis: Apixaban is used to prevent serious blood clots from forming due to a certain irregular heartbeat (atrial fibrillation) or after hip/knee replacement surgery. Show more ▾

With atrial fibrillation, part of the heart does not beat the way it should. This can lead to blood clots forming, which can travel to other parts of your body (such as the lungs or legs) or increase your risk for stroke. In the United States, apixaban is also approved to treat certain types of blood clots (deep vein thrombosis-DVT, pulmonary embolus-PE) and to prevent them from forming again. Apixaban is an anticoagulant that works by blocking certain clotting proteins in your blood. An antithrombotic agent.

In 2024, this provider wrote 142 Medicare prescriptions for Eliquis, about 1.9 times the volume of the typical Maryland prescriber of this medication (76.7). Medicare paid an average of $1,142.90 per fill, versus $934.44 statewide.

How often this provider prescribes it

This provider
142
MD average
76.7

This provider prescribes this medication more often than the average MD prescriber. Utilization reflects practice size as well as clinical preference.

What Medicare paid per fill

This provider
$1,142.90
MD average
$934.44

Gross Part D cost per fill; not the patient's out-of-pocket price.

289.5
30-Day Fills
standardized to 30-day supplies
8,665
Days of Medication
total across all patients in 2024

About Amiodarone Hcl: This medication is used to treat certain types of serious (possibly fatal) irregular heartbeat (such as recurrent ventricular fibrillation/tachycardia). Show more ▾

It is used to restore normal heart rhythm and maintain a regular, steady heartbeat. Amiodarone is known as an anti-arrhythmic drug. It works by blocking certain electrical signals in the heart that can cause an irregular heartbeat. An antianginal and class III antiarrhythmic drug. It increases the duration of ventricular and atrial muscle action by inhibiting POTASSIUM CHANNELS and VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS. There is a resulting decrease in heart rate and in vascular resistance.

In 2024, this provider wrote 105 Medicare prescriptions for Amiodarone Hcl, about 2.8 times the volume of the typical Maryland prescriber of this medication (37.4). Medicare paid an average of $17.63 per fill, versus $30.07 statewide.

How often this provider prescribes it

This provider
105
MD average
37.4

This provider prescribes this medication more often than the average MD prescriber. Utilization reflects practice size as well as clinical preference.

What Medicare paid per fill

This provider
$17.63
MD average
$30.07

This provider's average cost per fill is below the MD average for this medication.

244.8
30-Day Fills
standardized to 30-day supplies
7,286
Days of Medication
total across all patients in 2024

About Xarelto: Rivaroxaban is used to prevent blood clots from forming due to a certain irregular heartbeat (atrial fibrillation) or after hip or knee replacement surgery. Show more ▾

It is also used to prevent blood clots from forming in high-risk patients with limited mobility during their hospital stay and after discharge. In addition, rivaroxaban is used to treat blood clots (such as in deep vein thrombosis-DVT or pulmonary embolus-PE) and to prevent the blood clots from forming again. Rivaroxaban may be used in children to prevent blood clots from forming after a certain heart surgery (Fontan procedure). Rivaroxaban is an anticoagulant that works by blocking certain clotting proteins in your blood. A morpholine and thiophene derivative that functions as a FACTOR XA INHIBITOR and is used in the treatment and prevention of DEEP-VEIN THROMBOSIS and PULMONARY EMBOLISM. It is also used for the prevention of STROKE and systemic embolization in patients with non-valvular ATRIAL FIBRILLATION, and for the prevention of atherothrombotic events in patients after an ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME.

In 2024, this provider wrote 81 Medicare prescriptions for Xarelto, about 2.1 times the volume of the typical Maryland prescriber of this medication (38.6). Medicare paid an average of $1,353.12 per fill, versus $1,023.10 statewide.

How often this provider prescribes it

This provider
81
MD average
38.6

This provider prescribes this medication more often than the average MD prescriber. Utilization reflects practice size as well as clinical preference.

What Medicare paid per fill

This provider
$1,353.12
MD average
$1,023.10

Gross Part D cost per fill; not the patient's out-of-pocket price.

202
30-Day Fills
standardized to 30-day supplies
6,060
Days of Medication
total across all patients in 2024

About Atorvastatin Calcium: Atorvastatin is used along with a proper diet to help lower "bad" cholesterol and fats (such as LDL, triglycerides) and raise "good" cholesterol (HDL) in the blood. Show more ▾

It belongs to a group of drugs known as "statins." It works by reducing the amount of cholesterol made by the liver. Lowering "bad" cholesterol and triglycerides and raising "good" cholesterol decreases the risk of heart disease and helps prevent strokes and heart attacks. In addition to eating a proper diet (such as a low-cholesterol/low-fat diet), other lifestyle changes that may help this medication work better include exercising, losing weight if overweight, and stopping smoking. Consult your doctor for more details. A pyrrole and heptanoic acid derivative, HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL-COA REDUCTASE INHIBITOR (statin), and ANTICHOLESTEREMIC AGENT that is used to reduce serum levels of LDL-CHOLESTEROL; APOLIPOPROTEIN B; and TRIGLYCERIDES. It is used to increase serum levels of HDL-CHOLESTEROL in the treatment of HYPERLIPIDEMIAS, and for the prevention of CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES in patients with multiple risk factors.

In 2024, this provider wrote 50 Medicare prescriptions for Atorvastatin Calcium, about a third of the volume of the typical Maryland prescriber of this medication (167.3). Medicare paid an average of $15.62 per fill, versus $12.96 statewide.

How often this provider prescribes it

This provider
50
MD average
167.3

This provider prescribes this medication less often than the average MD prescriber. Utilization reflects practice size as well as clinical preference.

What Medicare paid per fill

This provider
$15.62
MD average
$12.96

Gross Part D cost per fill; not the patient's out-of-pocket price.

149.7
30-Day Fills
standardized to 30-day supplies
4,490
Days of Medication
total across all patients in 2024

About Amlodipine Besylate: Amlodipine is used with or without other medications to treat high blood pressure. Show more ▾

Lowering high blood pressure helps prevent strokes, heart attacks, and kidney problems. Amlodipine belongs to a class of drugs known as calcium channel blockers. It works by relaxing blood vessels so blood can flow more easily. Amlodipine is also used to prevent certain types of chest pain (angina). It may help to increase your ability to exercise and decrease the frequency of angina attacks. It should not be used to treat attacks of chest pain when they occur. Use other medications (such as sublingual nitroglycerin) to relieve attacks of chest pain as directed by your doctor. A long-acting dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker. It is effective in the treatment of ANGINA PECTORIS and HYPERTENSION.

In 2024, this provider wrote 40 Medicare prescriptions for Amlodipine Besylate, about a third of the volume of the typical Maryland prescriber of this medication (130). Medicare paid an average of $5.21 per fill, versus $8.15 statewide.

How often this provider prescribes it

This provider
40
MD average
130.0

This provider prescribes this medication less often than the average MD prescriber. Utilization reflects practice size as well as clinical preference.

What Medicare paid per fill

This provider
$5.21
MD average
$8.15

This provider's average cost per fill is below the MD average for this medication.

102
30-Day Fills
standardized to 30-day supplies
3,060
Days of Medication
total across all patients in 2024

About Metoprolol Tartrate: Metoprolol is used with or without other medications to treat high blood pressure (hypertension). Show more ▾

Lowering high blood pressure helps prevent strokes, heart attacks, and kidney problems. This medication is also used to treat chest pain (angina) and to improve survival after a heart attack. Metoprolol belongs to a class of drugs known as beta blockers. It works by blocking the action of certain natural chemicals in your body, such as epinephrine, on the heart and blood vessels. This effect lowers the heart rate, blood pressure, and strain on the heart. A selective adrenergic beta-1 blocking agent that is commonly used to treat ANGINA PECTORIS; HYPERTENSION; and CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS.

In 2024, this provider wrote 38 Medicare prescriptions for Metoprolol Tartrate, about 68% of the volume of the typical Maryland prescriber of this medication (55.8). Medicare paid an average of $3.47 per fill, versus $8.19 statewide.

How often this provider prescribes it

This provider
38
MD average
55.8

This provider prescribes this medication less often than the average MD prescriber. Utilization reflects practice size as well as clinical preference.

What Medicare paid per fill

This provider
$3.47
MD average
$8.19

This provider's average cost per fill is below the MD average for this medication.

86
30-Day Fills
standardized to 30-day supplies
2,580
Days of Medication
total across all patients in 2024

About Spironolactone: Spironolactone is used to treat high blood pressure and heart failure. Show more ▾

Lowering high blood pressure helps prevent strokes, heart attacks, and kidney problems. It is also used to treat swelling (edema) caused by certain conditions (such as heart failure, liver disease) by removing excess fluid and improving symptoms such as breathing problems. This medication is also used to treat conditions in which the body is making too much of a natural substance (aldosterone). Spironolactone is known as a "water pill" (potassium-sparing diuretic). A potassium sparing diuretic that acts by antagonism of aldosterone in the distal renal tubules. It is used mainly in the treatment of refractory edema in patients with congestive heart failure, nephrotic syndrome, or hepatic cirrhosis. Its effects on the endocrine system are utilized in the treatments of hirsutism and acne but they can lead to adverse effects. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p827)

In 2024, this provider wrote 32 Medicare prescriptions for Spironolactone, about 87% of the volume of the typical Maryland prescriber of this medication (36.8). Medicare paid an average of $7.24 per fill, versus $10.02 statewide.

How often this provider prescribes it

This provider
32
MD average
36.8

This provider's prescribing volume for this medication is in line with the average MD prescriber. Utilization reflects practice size as well as clinical preference.

What Medicare paid per fill

This provider
$7.24
MD average
$10.02

This provider's average cost per fill is below the MD average for this medication.

96
30-Day Fills
standardized to 30-day supplies
2,880
Days of Medication
total across all patients in 2024

About Furosemide: Furosemide is used to reduce extra fluid in the body (edema) caused by conditions such as heart failure, liver disease, and kidney disease. Show more ▾

This can lessen symptoms such as shortness of breath and swelling in your arms, legs, and abdomen. This drug is also used to treat high blood pressure. Lowering high blood pressure helps prevent strokes, heart attacks, and kidney problems. Furosemide is a "water pill" (diuretic) that causes you to make more urine. This helps your body get rid of extra water and salt. A benzoic-sulfonamide-furan. It is a diuretic with fast onset and short duration that is used for EDEMA and chronic RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.

In 2024, this provider wrote 31 Medicare prescriptions for Furosemide, about half the volume of the typical Maryland prescriber of this medication (64.2). Medicare paid an average of $6.50 per fill, versus $5.77 statewide.

How often this provider prescribes it

This provider
31
MD average
64.2

This provider prescribes this medication less often than the average MD prescriber. Utilization reflects practice size as well as clinical preference.

What Medicare paid per fill

This provider
$6.50
MD average
$5.77

Gross Part D cost per fill; not the patient's out-of-pocket price.

89
30-Day Fills
standardized to 30-day supplies
2,622
Days of Medication
total across all patients in 2024

About Lisinopril: Lisinopril is used to treat high blood pressure. Show more ▾

Lowering high blood pressure helps prevent strokes, heart attacks, and kidney problems. It is also used to treat heart failure and to improve survival after a heart attack. Lisinopril belongs to a class of drugs known as ACE inhibitors. It works by relaxing blood vessels so blood can flow more easily. One of the ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS (ACE inhibitors), orally active, that has been used in the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure.

In 2024, this provider wrote 29 Medicare prescriptions for Lisinopril, about a third of the volume of the typical Maryland prescriber of this medication (88.4). Medicare paid an average of $10.63 per fill, versus $8.25 statewide.

How often this provider prescribes it

This provider
29
MD average
88.4

This provider prescribes this medication less often than the average MD prescriber. Utilization reflects practice size as well as clinical preference.

What Medicare paid per fill

This provider
$10.63
MD average
$8.25

Gross Part D cost per fill; not the patient's out-of-pocket price.

87
30-Day Fills
standardized to 30-day supplies
2,610
Days of Medication
total across all patients in 2024

About Losartan Potassium: Losartan is used to treat high blood pressure (hypertension) and to help protect the kidneys from damage due to diabetes. Show more ▾

It is also used to lower the risk of strokes in patients with high blood pressure and an enlarged heart. Lowering high blood pressure helps prevent strokes, heart attacks, and kidney problems. Losartan belongs to a class of drugs called angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs). It works by relaxing blood vessels so that blood can flow more easily. An antagonist of ANGIOTENSIN TYPE 1 RECEPTOR with antihypertensive activity due to the reduced pressor effect of ANGIOTENSIN II.

In 2024, this provider wrote 24 Medicare prescriptions for Losartan Potassium, about a quarter of the volume of the typical Maryland prescriber of this medication (96.2). Medicare paid an average of $17.67 per fill, versus $11.44 statewide.

How often this provider prescribes it

This provider
24
MD average
96.2

This provider prescribes this medication less often than the average MD prescriber. Utilization reflects practice size as well as clinical preference.

What Medicare paid per fill

This provider
$17.67
MD average
$11.44

Gross Part D cost per fill; not the patient's out-of-pocket price.

70.3
30-Day Fills
standardized to 30-day supplies
2,110
Days of Medication
total across all patients in 2024

About Carvedilol: Carvedilol is used to treat high blood pressure and heart failure. Show more ▾

It is also used after a heart attack to improve the chance of survival if your heart is not pumping well. Lowering high blood pressure helps prevent strokes, heart attacks, and kidney problems. This drug works by blocking the action of certain natural substances in your body, such as epinephrine, on the heart and blood vessels. This effect lowers your heart rate, blood pressure, and strain on your heart. Carvedilol belongs to a class of drugs known as alpha and beta blockers. A carbazole and propanol derivative that acts as a non-cardioselective beta blocker and vasodilator. It has blocking activity for ALPHA 1 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS and, at higher doses, may function as a blocker of CALCIUM CHANNELS; it also has antioxidant properties. Carvedilol is used in the treatment of HYPERTENSION; ANGINA PECTORIS; and HEART FAILURE. It can also reduce the risk of death following MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.

In 2024, this provider wrote 19 Medicare prescriptions for Carvedilol, about a third of the volume of the typical Maryland prescriber of this medication (48.3). Medicare paid an average of $10.58 per fill, versus $10.39 statewide.

How often this provider prescribes it

This provider
19
MD average
48.3

This provider prescribes this medication less often than the average MD prescriber. Utilization reflects practice size as well as clinical preference.

What Medicare paid per fill

This provider
$10.58
MD average
$10.39

Gross Part D cost per fill; not the patient's out-of-pocket price.

56
30-Day Fills
standardized to 30-day supplies
1,680
Days of Medication
total across all patients in 2024

About Clopidogrel: Clopidogrel is used to prevent heart attacks and strokes in persons with heart disease (recent heart attack), recent stroke, or blood circulation disease (peripheral vascular disease). Show more ▾

It is also used with aspirin to treat new/worsening chest pain (new heart attack, unstable angina) and to keep blood vessels open and prevent blood clots after certain procedures (such as cardiac stent). Clopidogrel works by blocking platelets from sticking together and prevents them from forming harmful clots. It is an antiplatelet drug. It helps keep blood flowing smoothly in your body. A ticlopidine analog and platelet purinergic P2Y receptor antagonist that inhibits adenosine diphosphate-mediated PLATELET AGGREGATION. It is used to prevent THROMBOEMBOLISM in patients with ARTERIAL OCCLUSIVE DISEASES; MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; STROKE; or ATRIAL FIBRILLATION.

In 2024, this provider wrote 15 Medicare prescriptions for Clopidogrel, about a third of the volume of the typical Maryland prescriber of this medication (46.7). Medicare paid an average of $16.51 per fill, versus $14.20 statewide.

How often this provider prescribes it

This provider
15
MD average
46.7

This provider prescribes this medication less often than the average MD prescriber. Utilization reflects practice size as well as clinical preference.

What Medicare paid per fill

This provider
$16.51
MD average
$14.20

Gross Part D cost per fill; not the patient's out-of-pocket price.

45
30-Day Fills
standardized to 30-day supplies
1,350
Days of Medication
total across all patients in 2024

About Hydrochlorothiazide: This medication is used to treat high blood pressure. Show more ▾

Lowering high blood pressure helps prevent strokes, heart attacks, and kidney problems. Hydrochlorothiazide belongs to a class of drugs known as diuretics/"water pills." It works by causing you to make more urine. This helps your body get rid of extra salt and water. This medication also reduces extra fluid in the body (edema) caused by conditions such as heart failure, liver disease, or kidney disease. This can lessen symptoms such as shortness of breath or swelling in your ankles or feet. A thiazide diuretic often considered the prototypical member of this class. It reduces the reabsorption of electrolytes from the renal tubules. This results in increased excretion of water and electrolytes, including sodium, potassium, chloride, and magnesium. It is used in the treatment of several disorders including edema, hypertension, diabetes insipidus, and hypoparathyroidism.

In 2024, this provider wrote 14 Medicare prescriptions for Hydrochlorothiazide, about a quarter of the volume of the typical Maryland prescriber of this medication (64). Medicare paid an average of $7.49 per fill, versus $4.79 statewide.

How often this provider prescribes it

This provider
14
MD average
64.0

This provider prescribes this medication less often than the average MD prescriber. Utilization reflects practice size as well as clinical preference.

What Medicare paid per fill

This provider
$7.49
MD average
$4.79

Gross Part D cost per fill; not the patient's out-of-pocket price.

22
30-Day Fills
standardized to 30-day supplies
660
Days of Medication
total across all patients in 2024

About Verapamil Er: Verapamil is used to treat high blood pressure. Show more ▾

Lowering high blood pressure helps prevent strokes, heart attacks, and kidney problems. Verapamil belongs to a class of drugs known as calcium channel blockers. It works by relaxing blood vessels so blood can flow more easily. Verapamil may also lower your heart rate. A calcium channel blocker that is a class IV anti-arrhythmia agent.

In 2024, this provider wrote 12 Medicare prescriptions for Verapamil Er, about 66% of the volume of the typical Maryland prescriber of this medication (18.1). Medicare paid an average of $34.38 per fill, versus $30.04 statewide.

How often this provider prescribes it

This provider
12
MD average
18.1

This provider prescribes this medication less often than the average MD prescriber. Utilization reflects practice size as well as clinical preference.

What Medicare paid per fill

This provider
$34.38
MD average
$30.04

Gross Part D cost per fill; not the patient's out-of-pocket price.

32
30-Day Fills
standardized to 30-day supplies
948
Days of Medication
total across all patients in 2024

About Chlorthalidone: Chlorthalidone is used to treat high blood pressure (hypertension). Show more ▾

Lowering high blood pressure helps prevent strokes, heart attacks, and kidney problems. It is also used to reduce extra salt and water in the body caused by conditions such as heart failure, liver disease, and kidney disease. Decreasing extra salt and water in the body helps to decrease swelling (edema) and breathing problems caused by fluid in the lungs. Chlorthalidone is a "water pill" (diuretic). It increases the amount of urine you make, especially when you first start the medication. It also helps to relax the blood vessels so that blood can flow more easily. A benzenesulfonamide-phthalimidine that tautomerizes to a BENZOPHENONES form. It is considered a thiazide-like diuretic.

In 2024, this provider wrote 11 Medicare prescriptions for Chlorthalidone, about half the volume of the typical Maryland prescriber of this medication (25.3). Medicare paid an average of $43.68 per fill, versus $20.36 statewide.

How often this provider prescribes it

This provider
11
MD average
25.3

This provider prescribes this medication less often than the average MD prescriber. Utilization reflects practice size as well as clinical preference.

What Medicare paid per fill

This provider
$43.68
MD average
$20.36

Gross Part D cost per fill; not the patient's out-of-pocket price.

33
30-Day Fills
standardized to 30-day supplies
990
Days of Medication
total across all patients in 2024

About Entresto: This product is used to treat certain types of heart failure. Show more ▾

It may help you live longer and lower your chance of having to go to the hospital for heart failure. This product contains 2 medications: sacubitril and valsartan. Sacubitril belongs to a class of drugs called neprilysin inhibitors and valsartan belongs to a class of drugs called angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs). They work by relaxing blood vessels so that blood can flow more easily, which makes it easier for your heart to pump blood to your body. An angiotensin II receptor antagonist.

In 2024, this provider wrote 11 Medicare prescriptions for Entresto, about a quarter of the volume of the typical Maryland prescriber of this medication (44.6). Medicare paid an average of $1,807.86 per fill, versus $1,145.86 statewide.

How often this provider prescribes it

This provider
11
MD average
44.6

This provider prescribes this medication less often than the average MD prescriber. Utilization reflects practice size as well as clinical preference.

What Medicare paid per fill

This provider
$1,807.86
MD average
$1,145.86

Gross Part D cost per fill; not the patient's out-of-pocket price.

31
30-Day Fills
standardized to 30-day supplies
910
Days of Medication
total across all patients in 2024
No medications match the current filters.
= the 5 medications this provider prescribes most.▲ More than typical≈ Typical▼ Less than typical= prescription volume vs the average MD prescriber of the same medication; volume reflects practice size as well as clinical preference.Green cost= below the MD average cost per fill.

About this data. The prescription history for DR. STEPHEN ROSS SHOROFSKY M.D. is compiled from the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) Medicare Part D Prescriber Public Use File for calendar year 2024, the most recent federal release. Figures cover prescriptions filled for Medicare Part D beneficiaries only; prescriptions under private insurance, Medicaid, or self-pay plans are not included. Because prescribing decisions are generally consistent across coverage types, this record offers a useful view of the overall Clinical Cardiac Electrophysiology prescribing approach at this Baltimore, MD practice.

Reading the costs. Drug costs are gross amounts paid to pharmacies under Part D, including both plan and beneficiary payments. They are not the price a patient pays at the pharmacy counter. Medications with fewer than 11 claims are excluded from the federal source data, and state comparisons use the average among MD prescribers of the same medication and form, shown only when at least five prescribers contribute. Always confirm current medications and costs directly with the provider and your plan.

About the medication summaries. Drug use descriptions come from the CMS Medicare Part D Drug Spending Dashboard (2024), and substance definitions from Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) 2026, U.S. National Library of Medicine. They are summaries that do not contain all possible information about a medication and are not individual medical advice. Ask a health care professional about any medication and your specific health needs.