DR. JAY B JANI MD
Prescription History 1982922936
Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation in Topeka, KS

NPI Status: Active since May 13, 2010

Contact Information

2660 SW 3RD ST
TOPEKA, KS
ZIP 66606
Phone: (785) 354-9591
Fax: (785) 368-0739

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Prescription History for Informed Healthcare Decisions

Explore the verified Medicare Part D prescription history, volume metrics, and calculated drug costs for DR. JAY B JANI MD, an active Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation specialist practicing in Topeka, KS. Our medical registry currently tracks 17 unique pharmaceutical formulations prescribed by this provider, representing an estimated volume of 881 documented patient claims. Among these therapy options, the most frequently utilized medication is Cyclobenzaprine Hcl, which accounts for 147 claims alone.


Acetaminophen-Codeine

Generic Formulation: Acetaminophen With CodeineSpecialty: Pain Management
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 50
30-Day Fills 50.0
Days Supply 1,328
KS State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims26.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills26.7
Peer Average Days Supply445
Highly Elevated Utilization

This provider exhibits a high preference for this treatment path, registering a volume 92.3% higher than the standard regional baseline profile for KS. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $694.87 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$13.90

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$18.89

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Therapeutic Applications

See also Warning section. This combination medication is used to help relieve mild to moderate pain. It contains an opioid pain reliever (codeine) and a non-opioid pain reliever (acetaminophen). Codeine works in the brain to change how your body feels and responds to pain. Acetaminophen can also reduce a fever.

Amitriptyline Hcl

Generic Formulation: Amitriptyline HclSpecialty: Pain Management
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 16
30-Day Fills 34.0
Days Supply 1,020
KS State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims29.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills49.8
Peer Average Days Supply1,470
Conservative Utilization

This provider writes prescriptions for this formulation 44.8% less frequently than the standard regional baseline metric for practitioners inside KS. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $191.78 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$11.99

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$20.04

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Therapeutic Applications

This medication is used to treat mental/mood problems such as depression. It may help improve mood and feelings of well-being, relieve anxiety and tension, help you sleep better, and increase your energy level. This medication belongs to a class of medications called tricyclic antidepressants. It works by affecting the balance of certain natural chemicals (neurotransmitters such as serotonin) in the brain.

Baclofen

Generic Formulation: BaclofenSpecialty: Pain Management
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 54
30-Day Fills 76.6
Days Supply 2,284
KS State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims36.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills46.4
Peer Average Days Supply1,271
Elevated Utilization

This provider maintains an active emphasis on this therapeutic option, recording 50.0% more claims than the standard regional baseline profile for KS. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $2,327.17 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$43.10

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$34.60

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

A GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID derivative that is a specific agonist of GABA-B RECEPTORS. It is used in the treatment of MUSCLE SPASTICITY, especially that due to SPINAL CORD INJURIES. Its therapeutic effects result from actions at spinal and supraspinal sites, generally the reduction of excitatory transmission.

Therapeutic Applications

Baclofen is used to treat muscle spasms caused by certain conditions (such as multiple sclerosis, spinal cord injury/disease). It works by helping to relax the muscles.

Buprenorphine

Generic Formulation: BuprenorphineSpecialty: Pain Management
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 11
30-Day Fills 11.0
Days Supply 306
KS State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims28.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills29.0
Peer Average Days Supply809
Highly Conservative Utilization

This provider demonstrates a highly selective approach to this formula, recording 60.7% less volume than the regional standard for practitioners inside KS. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $1,902.01 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$172.91

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$355.32

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

A derivative of the opioid alkaloid THEBAINE that is a more potent and longer lasting analgesic than MORPHINE. It appears to act as a partial agonist at mu and kappa opioid receptors and as an antagonist at delta receptors. The lack of delta-agonist activity has been suggested to account for the observation that buprenorphine tolerance may not develop with chronic use.

Therapeutic Applications

This medication is used to help relieve severe ongoing pain (such as due to arthritis, chronic back pain). Buprenorphine belongs to a class of drugs known as opioid analgesics. It works in the brain to change how your body feels and responds to pain. The higher strengths of this drug (7.5, 10, 15, or 20 micrograms per hour patches) should be used only if you have been regularly taking moderate amounts of opioid pain medication. These strengths may cause overdose (even death) if used by a person who has not been regularly taking opioids. Do not use this medication to relieve pain that is mild or that will go away in a few days. This medication is not for occasional (as needed) use.

Cyclobenzaprine Hcl

Generic Formulation: Cyclobenzaprine HclSpecialty: Pain Management
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 147
30-Day Fills 169.0
Days Supply 4,968
KS State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims38.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills45.6
Peer Average Days Supply1,126
Highly Elevated Utilization

This provider exhibits a high preference for this treatment path, registering a volume 286.8% higher than the standard regional baseline profile for KS. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $2,316.23 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$15.76

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$17.19

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Therapeutic Applications

Cyclobenzaprine is used short-term to treat muscle spasms. It is usually used along with rest and physical therapy. It works by helping to relax the muscles. This medication is not recommended for use in older adults because they may be at greater risk for side effects while using this drug. Ask the doctor or pharmacist for details.

Diclofenac Sodium

Generic Formulation: Diclofenac SodiumSpecialty: Pain Management
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 117
30-Day Fills 125.7
Days Supply 1,907
KS State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims39.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills49.0
Peer Average Days Supply1,099
Highly Elevated Utilization

This provider exhibits a high preference for this treatment path, registering a volume 200.0% higher than the standard regional baseline profile for KS. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $7,607.77 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$65.02

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$29.32

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) with antipyretic and analgesic actions. It is primarily available as the sodium salt.

Therapeutic Applications

See also Warning section. This medication is used to relieve joint pain from arthritis. Diclofenac belongs to a class of drugs known as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). If you are treating a chronic condition such as arthritis, ask your doctor about non-drug treatments and/or using other medications to treat your pain.

Duloxetine Hcl

Generic Formulation: Duloxetine HclSpecialty: Pain Management
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 14
30-Day Fills 14.0
Days Supply 420
KS State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims59.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills96.6
Peer Average Days Supply2,823
Highly Conservative Utilization

This provider demonstrates a highly selective approach to this formula, recording 76.3% less volume than the regional standard for practitioners inside KS. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $270.86 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$19.35

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$40.42

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

A thiophene derivative and selective NEUROTRANSMITTER UPTAKE INHIBITOR for SEROTONIN and NORADRENALINE (SNRI). It is an ANTIDEPRESSIVE AGENT and ANXIOLYTIC, and is also used for the treatment of pain in patients with DIABETES MELLITUS and FIBROMYALGIA.

Therapeutic Applications

Duloxetine is used to treat depression and anxiety. In addition, duloxetine is used to help relieve nerve pain (peripheral neuropathy) in people with diabetes or ongoing pain due to medical conditions such as arthritis, chronic back pain, or fibromyalgia (a condition that causes widespread pain). Duloxetine may improve your mood, sleep, appetite, and energy level, and decrease nervousness. It can also decrease pain due to certain medical conditions. Duloxetine is known as a serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI). This medication works by helping to restore the balance of certain natural substances (serotonin and norepinephrine) in the brain.

Gabapentin

Generic Formulation: GabapentinSpecialty: Pain Management
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 121
30-Day Fills 170.0
Days Supply 5,080
KS State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims96.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills143.3
Peer Average Days Supply4,155
Elevated Utilization

This provider maintains an active emphasis on this therapeutic option, recording 26.0% more claims than the standard regional baseline profile for KS. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $2,358.76 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$19.49

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$22.76

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

A cyclohexane-gamma-aminobutyric acid derivative that is used for the treatment of PARTIAL SEIZURES; NEURALGIA; and RESTLESS LEGS SYNDROME.

Therapeutic Applications

Gabapentin is used with other medications to prevent and control seizures. It is also used to relieve nerve pain following shingles (a painful rash due to herpes zoster infection) in adults. Gabapentin is known as an anticonvulsant or antiepileptic drug.

Hydrocodone-Acetaminophen

Generic Formulation: Hydrocodone/AcetaminophenSpecialty: Pain Management
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 43
30-Day Fills 43.0
Days Supply 1,290
KS State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims74.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills74.4
Peer Average Days Supply1,400
Conservative Utilization

This provider writes prescriptions for this formulation 41.9% less frequently than the standard regional baseline metric for practitioners inside KS. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $1,254.19 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$29.17

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$22.85

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Therapeutic Applications

This combination medication is used to relieve moderate to severe pain. It contains an opioid pain reliever (hydrocodone) and a non-opioid pain reliever (acetaminophen). Hydrocodone works in the brain to change how your body feels and responds to pain. Acetaminophen can also reduce a fever.

Meloxicam

Generic Formulation: MeloxicamSpecialty: Pain Management
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 31
30-Day Fills 44.0
Days Supply 1,320
KS State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims60.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills104.0
Peer Average Days Supply3,067
Conservative Utilization

This provider writes prescriptions for this formulation 48.3% less frequently than the standard regional baseline metric for practitioners inside KS. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $206.97 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$6.68

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$6.36

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

A benzothiazine and thiazole derivative that acts as a NSAID and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor. It is used in the treatment of RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; OSTEOARTHRITIS; and ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS.

Therapeutic Applications

Meloxicam is used to help relieve moderate to severe pain. Meloxicam is known as a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). It works by blocking your body's production of certain natural substances that cause inflammation. This effect helps to decrease swelling or pain.

Methylprednisolone

Generic Formulation: MethylprednisoloneSpecialty: Pain Management
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 11
30-Day Fills 11.0
Days Supply 65
KS State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims29.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills29.5
Peer Average Days Supply200
Highly Conservative Utilization

This provider demonstrates a highly selective approach to this formula, recording 62.1% less volume than the regional standard for practitioners inside KS. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $72.88 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$6.63

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$9.84

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

A PREDNISOLONE derivative with similar anti-inflammatory action.

Therapeutic Applications

Methylprednisolone is used to treat conditions such as arthritis, blood disorders, severe allergic reactions, certain cancers, eye conditions, skin/kidney/intestinal/lung diseases, and immune system disorders. It decreases your immune system's response to various diseases to reduce symptoms such as swelling, pain, and allergic-type reactions. This medication is a corticosteroid hormone. Methylprednisolone may also be used with other medications in hormone disorders.

Morphine Sulfate Er

Generic Formulation: Morphine SulfateSpecialty: Pain Management
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 13
30-Day Fills 13.0
Days Supply 390
KS State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims35.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills35.9
Peer Average Days Supply1,001
Highly Conservative Utilization

This provider demonstrates a highly selective approach to this formula, recording 62.9% less volume than the regional standard for practitioners inside KS. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $477.10 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$36.70

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$44.15

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

The principal alkaloid in opium and the prototype opiate analgesic and narcotic. Morphine has widespread effects in the central nervous system and on smooth muscle.

Therapeutic Applications

This medication is used to treat severe pain. Morphine belongs to a class of drugs known as opioid analgesics. It works in the brain to change how your body feels and responds to pain.

Oxycodone Hcl

Generic Formulation: Oxycodone HclSpecialty: Pain Management
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 25
30-Day Fills 25.0
Days Supply 713
KS State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims45.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills46.0
Peer Average Days Supply870
Conservative Utilization

This provider writes prescriptions for this formulation 44.4% less frequently than the standard regional baseline metric for practitioners inside KS. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $447.93 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$17.92

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$25.16

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

A semisynthetic derivative of CODEINE.

Therapeutic Applications

This medication is used to help relieve moderate to severe pain. Oxycodone belongs to a class of drugs known as opioid analgesics. It works in the brain to change how your body feels and responds to pain.

Oxycodone-Acetaminophen

Generic Formulation: Oxycodone Hcl/AcetaminophenSpecialty: Pain Management
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 11
30-Day Fills 11.0
Days Supply 330
KS State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims50.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills50.7
Peer Average Days Supply1,047
Highly Conservative Utilization

This provider demonstrates a highly selective approach to this formula, recording 78.0% less volume than the regional standard for practitioners inside KS. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $642.40 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$58.40

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$32.38

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Therapeutic Applications

This combination medication is used to help relieve moderate to severe pain. It contains an opioid pain reliever (oxycodone) and a non-opioid pain reliever (acetaminophen). Oxycodone works in the brain to change how your body feels and responds to pain. Acetaminophen can also reduce a fever.

Pregabalin

Generic Formulation: PregabalinSpecialty: Pain Management
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 38
30-Day Fills 56.0
Days Supply 1,680
KS State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims40.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills49.7
Peer Average Days Supply1,444
Standard Average Utilization

This provider's prescribing patterns for this therapeutic formulation sit directly in line with standard baseline averages across KS. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $2,732.16 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$71.90

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$45.20

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

A gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) derivative that functions as a CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKER and is used as an ANTICONVULSANT as well as an ANTI-ANXIETY AGENT. It is also used as an ANALGESIC in the treatment of NEUROPATHIC PAIN and FIBROMYALGIA.

Therapeutic Applications

This medication is used to treat pain caused by nerve damage due to diabetes, shingles (herpes zoster) infection, or spinal cord injury. This medication is also used to treat pain in people with fibromyalgia. It is also used with other medications to treat certain types of seizures (focal seizures).

Tizanidine Hcl

Generic Formulation: Tizanidine HclSpecialty: Pain Management
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 102
30-Day Fills 108.0
Days Supply 3,185
KS State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims41.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills52.4
Peer Average Days Supply1,343
Highly Elevated Utilization

This provider exhibits a high preference for this treatment path, registering a volume 148.8% higher than the standard regional baseline profile for KS. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $1,545.70 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$15.15

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$15.25

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Therapeutic Applications

This medication is used to treat muscle spasms caused by certain conditions (such as multiple sclerosis, spinal cord injury). It works by helping to relax the muscles.

Tramadol Hcl

Generic Formulation: Tramadol HclSpecialty: Pain Management
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 77
30-Day Fills 77.0
Days Supply 2,092
KS State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims59.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills60.6
Peer Average Days Supply1,205
Elevated Utilization

This provider maintains an active emphasis on this therapeutic option, recording 30.5% more claims than the standard regional baseline profile for KS. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $669.44 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$8.69

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$8.16

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

A narcotic analgesic proposed for severe pain. It may be habituating.

Therapeutic Applications

See also Warning section. This medication is used to help relieve moderate to moderately severe pain. Tramadol belongs to a class of drugs known as opioid analgesics. It works in the brain to change how your body feels and responds to pain.

Dataset Methodology & CMS Source Information

This analytical profile maps public infrastructure records sourced directly from official **Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS)** public data releases. The statistics above track documented pharmaceutical treatment trends assigned to beneficiaries specifically under federal public programs. Evaluating the prescriptive footprints of clinical practitioners like DR. JAY B JANI MD provides transparency into local medical care patterns within Topeka, KS.

Key Learning Objectives for this Profile:

  • Prescribing Frequencies: Track and evaluate the volume metrics of specific brand-name and generic medical formulas chosen by this provider over time.
  • Clinical Focus Areas: Identify how the provider distributes therapeutic selections across medical care options to gain insight into their true day-to-day **Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation** practice concentrations.
  • Program Cost Awareness: Review the calculated total systemic drug costs and raw transactional volumes linked to these orders to better anticipate network insurance coverage structures.
  • Patient-Centered Evaluation: Cross-reference localized regional care comparisons to align practitioner habits directly with your proactive health maintenance goals.

Data Scope Exclusion & Limitations: The data elements presented above explicitly reflect prescription orders processed for Medicare beneficiaries during the year 2023. This informational profile does not aggregate prescription data for individuals utilizing private commercial health plans, state Medicaid coverage, or self-pay options. However, because medical decision-making remains highly consistent across clinical settings, this public registry provides a reliable proxy for understanding the general prescribing preferences and pharmaceutical care approach used by this provider.