MRS. ELLEN TERESE HOLM AGPCNP-BC
Prescription History 1942606413
Nurse Practitioner - Gerontology in Bettendorf, IA

NPI Status: Active since November 11, 2014

Contact Information

3682 UTICA RIDGE RD UNIT A
BETTENDORF, IA
ZIP 52722
Phone: (563) 370-1853
Fax: (563) 386-0965

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Prescription History for Informed Healthcare Decisions

Explore the verified Medicare Part D prescription history, volume metrics, and calculated drug costs for MRS. ELLEN TERESE HOLM AGPCNP-BC, an active Gerontology specialist practicing in Bettendorf, IA. Our medical registry currently tracks 15 unique pharmaceutical formulations prescribed by this provider, representing an estimated volume of 769 documented patient claims. Among these therapy options, the most frequently utilized medication is Furosemide, which accounts for 181 claims alone.


Bumetanide

Generic Formulation: BumetanideSpecialty: Nurse Practitioner
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 59
30-Day Fills 115.2
Days Supply 3,402
IA State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims38.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills56.5
Peer Average Days Supply1,593
Highly Elevated Utilization

This provider exhibits a high preference for this treatment path, registering a volume 55.3% higher than the standard regional baseline profile for IA. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $5,298.06 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$89.80

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$66.30

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

A sulfamyl diuretic.

Therapeutic Applications

Bumetanide is used to reduce extra fluid in the body (edema) caused by conditions such as heart failure, liver disease, and kidney disease. This can lessen symptoms such as shortness of breath and swelling in your arms, legs, and abdomen. Bumetanide is a water pill (diuretic) that causes you to make more urine. This helps your body get rid of extra water and salt.

Carvedilol

Generic Formulation: CarvedilolSpecialty: Nurse Practitioner
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 13
30-Day Fills 39.0
Days Supply 1,170
IA State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims56.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills114.0
Peer Average Days Supply3,373
Highly Conservative Utilization

This provider demonstrates a highly selective approach to this formula, recording 76.8% less volume than the regional standard for practitioners inside IA. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $203.19 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$15.63

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$8.83

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

A carbazole and propanol derivative that acts as a non-cardioselective beta blocker and vasodilator. It has blocking activity for ALPHA 1 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS and, at higher doses, may function as a blocker of CALCIUM CHANNELS; it also has antioxidant properties. Carvedilol is used in the treatment of HYPERTENSION; ANGINA PECTORIS; and HEART FAILURE. It can also reduce the risk of death following MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.

Therapeutic Applications

Carvedilol is used to treat high blood pressure and heart failure. It is also used after a heart attack to improve the chance of survival if your heart is not pumping well. Lowering high blood pressure helps prevent strokes, heart attacks, and kidney problems. This drug works by blocking the action of certain natural substances in your body, such as epinephrine, on the heart and blood vessels. This effect lowers your heart rate, blood pressure, and strain on your heart. Carvedilol belongs to a class of drugs known as alpha and beta blockers.

Entresto

Generic Formulation: Sacubitril/ValsartanSpecialty: Nurse Practitioner
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 59
30-Day Fills 92.5
Days Supply 2,775
IA State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims49.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills69.3
Peer Average Days Supply1,980
Standard Average Utilization

This provider's prescribing patterns for this therapeutic formulation sit directly in line with standard baseline averages across IA. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $65,662.61 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$1,112.93

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$859.36

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Therapeutic Applications

This product is used to treat certain types of heart failure. It may help you live longer and lower your chance of having to go to the hospital for heart failure. This product contains 2 medications: sacubitril and valsartan. Sacubitril belongs to a class of drugs called neprilysin inhibitors and valsartan belongs to a class of drugs called angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs). They work by relaxing blood vessels so that blood can flow more easily, which makes it easier for your heart to pump blood to your body.

Farxiga

Generic Formulation: Dapagliflozin PropanediolSpecialty: Nurse Practitioner
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 11
30-Day Fills 11.1
Days Supply 317
IA State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims31.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills46.5
Peer Average Days Supply1,333
Highly Conservative Utilization

This provider demonstrates a highly selective approach to this formula, recording 64.5% less volume than the regional standard for practitioners inside IA. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $6,392.32 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$581.12

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$831.02

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Therapeutic Applications

Dapagliflozin is used with a proper diet and exercise program to control high blood sugar in people with type 2 diabetes. Controlling high blood sugar helps prevent kidney damage, blindness, nerve problems, loss of limbs, and sexual function problems. Proper control of diabetes may also lessen your risk of a heart attack or stroke. This medication is also used in people with type 2 diabetes and heart disease to lower the risk of going to the hospital for heart failure. Dapagliflozin works by increasing the removal of sugar by your kidneys. Dapagliflozin is also used to treat kidney disease and heart failure. It may help you live longer and lower your risk of going to the hospital for heart failure. Dapagliflozin works by increasing the removal of sodium by your kidneys.

Furosemide

Generic Formulation: FurosemideSpecialty: Nurse Practitioner
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 181
30-Day Fills 313.8
Days Supply 9,209
IA State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims108.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills190.0
Peer Average Days Supply5,464
Highly Elevated Utilization

This provider exhibits a high preference for this treatment path, registering a volume 67.6% higher than the standard regional baseline profile for IA. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $1,930.22 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$10.66

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$5.55

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

A benzoic-sulfonamide-furan. It is a diuretic with fast onset and short duration that is used for EDEMA and chronic RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.

Therapeutic Applications

Furosemide is used to reduce extra fluid in the body (edema) caused by conditions such as heart failure, liver disease, and kidney disease. This can lessen symptoms such as shortness of breath and swelling in your arms, legs, and abdomen. This drug is also used to treat high blood pressure. Lowering high blood pressure helps prevent strokes, heart attacks, and kidney problems. Furosemide is a water pill (diuretic) that causes you to make more urine. This helps your body get rid of extra water and salt.

Hydralazine Hcl

Generic Formulation: Hydralazine HclSpecialty: Nurse Practitioner
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 24
30-Day Fills 44.0
Days Supply 1,281
IA State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims34.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills56.9
Peer Average Days Supply1,660
Conservative Utilization

This provider writes prescriptions for this formulation 29.4% less frequently than the standard regional baseline metric for practitioners inside IA. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $181.85 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$7.58

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$17.18

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Therapeutic Applications

Hydralazine is used with or without other medications to treat high blood pressure. Lowering high blood pressure helps prevent strokes, heart attacks, and kidney problems. Hydralazine is called a vasodilator. It works by relaxing blood vessels so blood can flow through the body more easily.

Jardiance

Generic Formulation: EmpagliflozinSpecialty: Nurse Practitioner
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 46
30-Day Fills 76.5
Days Supply 2,263
IA State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims40.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills66.6
Peer Average Days Supply1,935
Standard Average Utilization

This provider's prescribing patterns for this therapeutic formulation sit directly in line with standard baseline averages across IA. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $46,903.54 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$1,019.64

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$962.73

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Therapeutic Applications

Empagliflozin is used with a proper diet and exercise program to control high blood sugar in people with type 2 diabetes. Controlling high blood sugar helps prevent kidney damage, blindness, nerve problems, loss of limbs, and sexual function problems. Empagliflozin is also used in patients with type 2 diabetes and heart disease to lower the risk of death from heart attack or stroke. Empagliflozin works by increasing the removal of sugar by your kidneys. Empagliflozin is also used to treat heart failure. It may help you live longer and lower your risk of going to the hospital for heart failure. Empagliflozin works by increasing the removal of sodium by your kidneys.

Lisinopril

Generic Formulation: LisinoprilSpecialty: Nurse Practitioner
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 22
30-Day Fills 46.0
Days Supply 1,365
IA State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims137.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills316.6
Peer Average Days Supply9,404
Highly Conservative Utilization

This provider demonstrates a highly selective approach to this formula, recording 83.9% less volume than the regional standard for practitioners inside IA. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $121.43 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$5.52

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$6.02

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

One of the ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS (ACE inhibitors), orally active, that has been used in the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure.

Therapeutic Applications

Lisinopril is used to treat high blood pressure. Lowering high blood pressure helps prevent strokes, heart attacks, and kidney problems. It is also used to treat heart failure and to improve survival after a heart attack. Lisinopril belongs to a class of drugs known as ACE inhibitors. It works by relaxing blood vessels so blood can flow more easily.

Losartan Potassium

Generic Formulation: Losartan PotassiumSpecialty: Nurse Practitioner
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 16
30-Day Fills 24.4
Days Supply 704
IA State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims115.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills267.2
Peer Average Days Supply7,947
Highly Conservative Utilization

This provider demonstrates a highly selective approach to this formula, recording 86.1% less volume than the regional standard for practitioners inside IA. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $113.46 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$7.09

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$9.71

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

An antagonist of ANGIOTENSIN TYPE 1 RECEPTOR with antihypertensive activity due to the reduced pressor effect of ANGIOTENSIN II.

Therapeutic Applications

Losartan is used to treat high blood pressure (hypertension) and to help protect the kidneys from damage due to diabetes. It is also used to lower the risk of strokes in patients with high blood pressure and an enlarged heart. Lowering high blood pressure helps prevent strokes, heart attacks, and kidney problems. Losartan belongs to a class of drugs called angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs). It works by relaxing blood vessels so that blood can flow more easily.

Metolazone

Generic Formulation: MetolazoneSpecialty: Nurse Practitioner
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 42
30-Day Fills 57.8
Days Supply 1,403
IA State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims25.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills33.9
Peer Average Days Supply899
Highly Elevated Utilization

This provider exhibits a high preference for this treatment path, registering a volume 68.0% higher than the standard regional baseline profile for IA. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $673.86 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$16.04

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$30.36

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

A quinazoline-sulfonamide derived DIURETIC that functions by inhibiting SODIUM CHLORIDE SYMPORTERS.

Therapeutic Applications

Metolazone is a water pill (diuretic) that increases the amount of urine you make, which causes your body to get rid of excess water. This drug is used to treat high blood pressure. Lowering high blood pressure helps prevent strokes, heart attacks, and kidney problems. This medication also reduces swelling/fluid retention (edema) which can result from conditions such as congestive heart failure or kidney disease. This can help to improve symptoms such as trouble breathing.

Metoprolol Succinate

Generic Formulation: Metoprolol SuccinateSpecialty: Nurse Practitioner
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 51
30-Day Fills 107.0
Days Supply 3,210
IA State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims128.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills281.7
Peer Average Days Supply8,353
Highly Conservative Utilization

This provider demonstrates a highly selective approach to this formula, recording 60.2% less volume than the regional standard for practitioners inside IA. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $683.99 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$13.41

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$17.66

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

A selective adrenergic beta-1 blocking agent that is commonly used to treat ANGINA PECTORIS; HYPERTENSION; and CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS.

Therapeutic Applications

This medication is a beta-blocker used to treat chest pain (angina), heart failure, and high blood pressure. Lowering high blood pressure helps prevent strokes, heart attacks, and kidney problems. This drug works by blocking the action of certain natural chemicals in your body (such as epinephrine) that affect the heart and blood vessels. This lowers heart rate, blood pressure, and strain on the heart.

Metoprolol Tartrate

Generic Formulation: Metoprolol TartrateSpecialty: Nurse Practitioner
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 11
30-Day Fills 31.0
Days Supply 930
IA State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims78.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills163.2
Peer Average Days Supply4,813
Highly Conservative Utilization

This provider demonstrates a highly selective approach to this formula, recording 85.9% less volume than the regional standard for practitioners inside IA. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $95.39 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$8.67

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$6.67

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

A selective adrenergic beta-1 blocking agent that is commonly used to treat ANGINA PECTORIS; HYPERTENSION; and CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS.

Therapeutic Applications

Metoprolol is used with or without other medications to treat high blood pressure (hypertension). Lowering high blood pressure helps prevent strokes, heart attacks, and kidney problems. This medication is also used to treat chest pain (angina) and to improve survival after a heart attack. Metoprolol belongs to a class of drugs known as beta blockers. It works by blocking the action of certain natural chemicals in your body, such as epinephrine, on the heart and blood vessels. This effect lowers the heart rate, blood pressure, and strain on the heart.

Potassium Chloride

Generic Formulation: Potassium ChlorideSpecialty: Nurse Practitioner
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 144
30-Day Fills 253.2
Days Supply 7,342
IA State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims83.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills143.4
Peer Average Days Supply4,125
Highly Elevated Utilization

This provider exhibits a high preference for this treatment path, registering a volume 73.5% higher than the standard regional baseline profile for IA. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $17,833.34 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$123.84

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$30.51

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

A white crystal or crystalline powder used in BUFFERS; FERTILIZERS; and EXPLOSIVES. It can be used to replenish ELECTROLYTES and restore WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE in treating HYPOKALEMIA.

Therapeutic Applications

This medication is a mineral supplement used to treat or prevent low amounts of potassium in the blood. A normal level of potassium in the blood is important. Potassium helps your cells, kidneys, heart, muscles, and nerves work properly. Most people get enough potassium by eating a well-balanced diet. Some conditions that can lower your body's potassium level include severe prolonged diarrhea and vomiting, hormone problems such as hyperaldosteronism, or treatment with water pills/diuretics.

Spironolactone

Generic Formulation: SpironolactoneSpecialty: Nurse Practitioner
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 63
30-Day Fills 127.1
Days Supply 3,770
IA State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims51.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills99.6
Peer Average Days Supply2,937
Standard Average Utilization

This provider's prescribing patterns for this therapeutic formulation sit directly in line with standard baseline averages across IA. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $549.51 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$8.72

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$10.61

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

A potassium sparing diuretic that acts by antagonism of aldosterone in the distal renal tubules. It is used mainly in the treatment of refractory edema in patients with congestive heart failure, nephrotic syndrome, or hepatic cirrhosis. Its effects on the endocrine system are utilized in the treatments of hirsutism and acne but they can lead to adverse effects. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p827)

Therapeutic Applications

Spironolactone is used to treat high blood pressure and heart failure. Lowering high blood pressure helps prevent strokes, heart attacks, and kidney problems. It is also used to treat swelling (edema) caused by certain conditions (such as heart failure, liver disease) by removing excess fluid and improving symptoms such as breathing problems. This medication is also used to treat conditions in which the body is making too much of a natural substance (aldosterone). Spironolactone is known as a water pill (potassium-sparing diuretic).

Torsemide

Generic Formulation: TorsemideSpecialty: Nurse Practitioner
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 27
30-Day Fills 59.0
Days Supply 1,722
IA State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims38.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills63.8
Peer Average Days Supply1,829
Conservative Utilization

This provider writes prescriptions for this formulation 28.9% less frequently than the standard regional baseline metric for practitioners inside IA. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $922.81 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$34.18

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$25.56

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

A pyridine and sulfonamide derivative that acts as a sodium-potassium chloride symporter inhibitor (loop diuretic). It is used for the treatment of EDEMA associated with CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE; CHRONIC RENAL INSUFFICIENCY; and LIVER DISEASES. It is also used for the management of HYPERTENSION.

Therapeutic Applications

Torsemide is used to reduce extra fluid in the body (edema) caused by conditions such as heart failure, liver disease, and kidney disease. This can lessen symptoms such as shortness of breath and swelling in your arms, legs, and abdomen. This drug is also used to treat high blood pressure. Lowering high blood pressure helps prevent strokes, heart attacks, and kidney problems. Torsemide is a water pill (diuretic) that causes you to make more urine. This helps your body get rid of extra water and salt.

Dataset Methodology & CMS Source Information

This analytical profile maps public infrastructure records sourced directly from official **Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS)** public data releases. The statistics above track documented pharmaceutical treatment trends assigned to beneficiaries specifically under federal public programs. Evaluating the prescriptive footprints of clinical practitioners like MRS. ELLEN TERESE HOLM AGPCNP-BC provides transparency into local medical care patterns within Bettendorf, IA.

Key Learning Objectives for this Profile:

  • Prescribing Frequencies: Track and evaluate the volume metrics of specific brand-name and generic medical formulas chosen by this provider over time.
  • Clinical Focus Areas: Identify how the provider distributes therapeutic selections across medical care options to gain insight into their true day-to-day **Gerontology** practice concentrations.
  • Program Cost Awareness: Review the calculated total systemic drug costs and raw transactional volumes linked to these orders to better anticipate network insurance coverage structures.
  • Patient-Centered Evaluation: Cross-reference localized regional care comparisons to align practitioner habits directly with your proactive health maintenance goals.

Data Scope Exclusion & Limitations: The data elements presented above explicitly reflect prescription orders processed for Medicare beneficiaries during the year 2023. This informational profile does not aggregate prescription data for individuals utilizing private commercial health plans, state Medicaid coverage, or self-pay options. However, because medical decision-making remains highly consistent across clinical settings, this public registry provides a reliable proxy for understanding the general prescribing preferences and pharmaceutical care approach used by this provider.