DR. DAVID VIJAY KUMAR M.D., PH. D.
Prescription History 1770784530
Internal Medicine in Chicago, IL

NPI Status: Active since May 30, 2007

Contact Information

2900 N LAKE SHORE DR
CHICAGO, IL
ZIP 60657
Phone: (773) 665-3000

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Prescription History for Informed Healthcare Decisions

Explore the verified Medicare Part D prescription history, volume metrics, and calculated drug costs for DR. DAVID VIJAY KUMAR M.D., PH. D., an active Internal Medicine specialist practicing in Chicago, IL. Our medical registry currently tracks 15 unique pharmaceutical formulations prescribed by this provider, representing an estimated volume of 283 documented patient claims. Among these therapy options, the most frequently utilized medication is Cefdinir, which accounts for 36 claims alone.


Amlodipine Besylate

Generic Formulation: Amlodipine BesylateSpecialty: Internal Medicine
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 17
30-Day Fills 17.0
Days Supply 495
IL State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims136.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills327.2
Peer Average Days Supply9,665
Highly Conservative Utilization

This provider demonstrates a highly selective approach to this formula, recording 87.5% less volume than the regional standard for practitioners inside IL. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $70.55 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$4.15

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$8.25

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

A long-acting dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker. It is effective in the treatment of ANGINA PECTORIS and HYPERTENSION.

Therapeutic Applications

Amlodipine is used with or without other medications to treat high blood pressure. Lowering high blood pressure helps prevent strokes, heart attacks, and kidney problems. Amlodipine belongs to a class of drugs known as calcium channel blockers. It works by relaxing blood vessels so blood can flow more easily. Amlodipine is also used to prevent certain types of chest pain (angina). It may help to increase your ability to exercise and decrease the frequency of angina attacks. It should not be used to treat attacks of chest pain when they occur. Use other medications (such as sublingual nitroglycerin) to relieve attacks of chest pain as directed by your doctor.

Atorvastatin Calcium

Generic Formulation: Atorvastatin CalciumSpecialty: Internal Medicine
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 18
30-Day Fills 18.0
Days Supply 540
IL State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims191.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills466.6
Peer Average Days Supply13,780
Highly Conservative Utilization

This provider demonstrates a highly selective approach to this formula, recording 90.6% less volume than the regional standard for practitioners inside IL. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $96.02 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$5.33

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$12.78

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

A pyrrole and heptanoic acid derivative, HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL-COA REDUCTASE INHIBITOR (statin), and ANTICHOLESTEREMIC AGENT that is used to reduce serum levels of LDL-CHOLESTEROL; APOLIPOPROTEIN B; and TRIGLYCERIDES. It is used to increase serum levels of HDL-CHOLESTEROL in the treatment of HYPERLIPIDEMIAS, and for the prevention of CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES in patients with multiple risk factors.

Therapeutic Applications

Atorvastatin is used along with a proper diet to help lower bad cholesterol and fats (such as LDL, triglycerides) and raise good cholesterol (HDL) in the blood. It belongs to a group of drugs known as statins. It works by reducing the amount of cholesterol made by the liver. Lowering bad cholesterol and triglycerides and raising good cholesterol decreases the risk of heart disease and helps prevent strokes and heart attacks. In addition to eating a proper diet (such as a low-cholesterol/low-fat diet), other lifestyle changes that may help this medication work better include exercising, losing weight if overweight, and stopping smoking. Consult your doctor for more details.

Carvedilol

Generic Formulation: CarvedilolSpecialty: Internal Medicine
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 19
30-Day Fills 19.0
Days Supply 547
IL State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims66.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills151.1
Peer Average Days Supply4,442
Highly Conservative Utilization

This provider demonstrates a highly selective approach to this formula, recording 71.2% less volume than the regional standard for practitioners inside IL. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $104.01 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$5.47

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$12.18

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

A carbazole and propanol derivative that acts as a non-cardioselective beta blocker and vasodilator. It has blocking activity for ALPHA 1 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS and, at higher doses, may function as a blocker of CALCIUM CHANNELS; it also has antioxidant properties. Carvedilol is used in the treatment of HYPERTENSION; ANGINA PECTORIS; and HEART FAILURE. It can also reduce the risk of death following MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.

Therapeutic Applications

Carvedilol is used to treat high blood pressure and heart failure. It is also used after a heart attack to improve the chance of survival if your heart is not pumping well. Lowering high blood pressure helps prevent strokes, heart attacks, and kidney problems. This drug works by blocking the action of certain natural substances in your body, such as epinephrine, on the heart and blood vessels. This effect lowers your heart rate, blood pressure, and strain on your heart. Carvedilol belongs to a class of drugs known as alpha and beta blockers.

Cefdinir

Generic Formulation: CefdinirSpecialty: Internal Medicine
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 36
30-Day Fills 36.0
Days Supply 283
IL State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims25.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills25.9
Peer Average Days Supply216
Elevated Utilization

This provider maintains an active emphasis on this therapeutic option, recording 44.0% more claims than the standard regional baseline profile for IL. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $623.58 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$17.32

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$21.43

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

A third-generation oral cephalosporin antibacterial agent that is used to treat bacterial infections of the respiratory tract and skin.

Therapeutic Applications

Cefdinir is used to treat a wide variety of bacterial infections. This medication is known as a cephalosporin antibiotic. It works by stopping the growth of bacteria. This antibiotic treats only bacterial infections. It will not work for viral infections (such as common cold, flu). Using any antibiotic when it is not needed can cause it to not work for future infections.

Doxycycline Hyclate

Generic Formulation: Doxycycline HyclateSpecialty: Internal Medicine
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 11
30-Day Fills 11.0
Days Supply 89
IL State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims27.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills30.8
Peer Average Days Supply485
Highly Conservative Utilization

This provider demonstrates a highly selective approach to this formula, recording 59.3% less volume than the regional standard for practitioners inside IL. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $97.38 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$8.85

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$29.58

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

A synthetic tetracycline derivative with similar antimicrobial activity.

Therapeutic Applications

This medication is used to treat a wide variety of bacterial infections, including those that cause acne. This medication is also used to prevent malaria. This medication is known as a tetracycline antibiotic. It works by stopping the growth of bacteria. This antibiotic treats only bacterial infections. It will not work for viral infections (such as common cold, flu). Using any antibiotic when it is not needed can cause it to not work for future infections.

Doxycycline Monohydrate

Generic Formulation: Doxycycline MonohydrateSpecialty: Internal Medicine
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 13
30-Day Fills 13.0
Days Supply 121
IL State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims25.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills27.7
Peer Average Days Supply418
Conservative Utilization

This provider writes prescriptions for this formulation 48.0% less frequently than the standard regional baseline metric for practitioners inside IL. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $213.43 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$16.42

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$23.05

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

A plant family of the order Dipsacales, subclass Asteridae, class Magnoliopsida. Members of this family are sometimes classified in CAPRIFOLIACEAE.

Therapeutic Applications

This medication is used to treat a certain type of skin condition called rosacea. It helps to reduce the number of pimples and bumps on the face, but it may not decrease redness. It works by reducing skin inflammation caused by rosacea. Although doxycycline belongs to the class of antibiotics known as tetracyclines, this product does not work as an antibiotic because it does not stop the growth of bacteria. Do not use this product to treat any infection, including viral infections (such as the common cold, flu). Use this medication only as prescribed by your doctor.

Eliquis

Generic Formulation: ApixabanSpecialty: Internal Medicine
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 16
30-Day Fills 16.0
Days Supply 481
IL State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims82.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills129.6
Peer Average Days Supply3,556
Highly Conservative Utilization

This provider demonstrates a highly selective approach to this formula, recording 80.5% less volume than the regional standard for practitioners inside IL. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $9,610.46 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$600.65

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$799.19

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Therapeutic Applications

Apixaban is used to prevent serious blood clots from forming due to a certain irregular heartbeat (atrial fibrillation) or after hip/knee replacement surgery. With atrial fibrillation, part of the heart does not beat the way it should. This can lead to blood clots forming, which can travel to other parts of your body (such as the lungs or legs) or increase your risk for stroke. In the United States, apixaban is also approved to treat certain types of blood clots (deep vein thrombosis-DVT, pulmonary embolus-PE) and to prevent them from forming again. Apixaban is an anticoagulant that works by blocking certain clotting proteins in your blood.

Furosemide

Generic Formulation: FurosemideSpecialty: Internal Medicine
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 20
30-Day Fills 22.0
Days Supply 612
IL State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims88.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills170.8
Peer Average Days Supply4,861
Highly Conservative Utilization

This provider demonstrates a highly selective approach to this formula, recording 77.3% less volume than the regional standard for practitioners inside IL. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $54.86 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$2.74

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$6.59

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

A benzoic-sulfonamide-furan. It is a diuretic with fast onset and short duration that is used for EDEMA and chronic RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.

Therapeutic Applications

Furosemide is used to reduce extra fluid in the body (edema) caused by conditions such as heart failure, liver disease, and kidney disease. This can lessen symptoms such as shortness of breath and swelling in your arms, legs, and abdomen. This drug is also used to treat high blood pressure. Lowering high blood pressure helps prevent strokes, heart attacks, and kidney problems. Furosemide is a water pill (diuretic) that causes you to make more urine. This helps your body get rid of extra water and salt.

Hydralazine Hcl

Generic Formulation: Hydralazine HclSpecialty: Internal Medicine
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 12
30-Day Fills 12.0
Days Supply 325
IL State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims40.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills79.7
Peer Average Days Supply2,295
Highly Conservative Utilization

This provider demonstrates a highly selective approach to this formula, recording 70.0% less volume than the regional standard for practitioners inside IL. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $138.03 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$11.50

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$20.83

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Therapeutic Applications

Hydralazine is used with or without other medications to treat high blood pressure. Lowering high blood pressure helps prevent strokes, heart attacks, and kidney problems. Hydralazine is called a vasodilator. It works by relaxing blood vessels so blood can flow through the body more easily.

Jardiance

Generic Formulation: EmpagliflozinSpecialty: Internal Medicine
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 13
30-Day Fills 13.0
Days Supply 390
IL State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims42.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills77.8
Peer Average Days Supply2,277
Highly Conservative Utilization

This provider demonstrates a highly selective approach to this formula, recording 69.0% less volume than the regional standard for practitioners inside IL. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $8,096.16 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$622.78

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$1,074.72

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Therapeutic Applications

Empagliflozin is used with a proper diet and exercise program to control high blood sugar in people with type 2 diabetes. Controlling high blood sugar helps prevent kidney damage, blindness, nerve problems, loss of limbs, and sexual function problems. Empagliflozin is also used in patients with type 2 diabetes and heart disease to lower the risk of death from heart attack or stroke. Empagliflozin works by increasing the removal of sugar by your kidneys. Empagliflozin is also used to treat heart failure. It may help you live longer and lower your risk of going to the hospital for heart failure. Empagliflozin works by increasing the removal of sodium by your kidneys.

Levofloxacin

Generic Formulation: LevofloxacinSpecialty: Internal Medicine
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 27
30-Day Fills 27.0
Days Supply 179
IL State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims24.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills25.0
Peer Average Days Supply205
Standard Average Utilization

This provider's prescribing patterns for this therapeutic formulation sit directly in line with standard baseline averages across IL. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $135.59 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$5.02

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$8.96

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

The L-isomer of Ofloxacin.

Therapeutic Applications

This medication is used to treat a variety of bacterial infections. Levofloxacin belongs to a class of drugs known as quinolone antibiotics. It works by stopping the growth of bacteria. Levofloxacin injection is used if you cannot take the medication by mouth. This antibiotic treats only bacterial infections. It will not work for viral infections (such as common cold, flu). Using any antibiotic when it is not needed can cause it to not work for future infections.

Metoprolol Succinate

Generic Formulation: Metoprolol SuccinateSpecialty: Internal Medicine
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 11
30-Day Fills 11.0
Days Supply 330
IL State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims114.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills279.8
Peer Average Days Supply8,276
Highly Conservative Utilization

This provider demonstrates a highly selective approach to this formula, recording 90.4% less volume than the regional standard for practitioners inside IL. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $72.97 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$6.63

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$20.07

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

A selective adrenergic beta-1 blocking agent that is commonly used to treat ANGINA PECTORIS; HYPERTENSION; and CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS.

Therapeutic Applications

This medication is a beta-blocker used to treat chest pain (angina), heart failure, and high blood pressure. Lowering high blood pressure helps prevent strokes, heart attacks, and kidney problems. This drug works by blocking the action of certain natural chemicals in your body (such as epinephrine) that affect the heart and blood vessels. This lowers heart rate, blood pressure, and strain on the heart.

Pantoprazole Sodium

Generic Formulation: Pantoprazole SodiumSpecialty: Internal Medicine
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 22
30-Day Fills 22.0
Days Supply 611
IL State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims76.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills159.5
Peer Average Days Supply4,666
Highly Conservative Utilization

This provider demonstrates a highly selective approach to this formula, recording 71.1% less volume than the regional standard for practitioners inside IL. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $207.02 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$9.41

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$17.54

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

2-pyridinylmethylsulfinylbenzimidazole proton pump inhibitor that is used in the treatment of GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX and PEPTIC ULCER.

Therapeutic Applications

Pantoprazole is used to treat certain stomach and esophagus problems (such as acid reflux). It works by decreasing the amount of acid your stomach makes. This medication relieves symptoms such as heartburn, difficulty swallowing, and cough. It helps heal acid damage to the stomach and esophagus, helps prevent ulcers, and may help prevent cancer of the esophagus. Pantoprazole belongs to a class of drugs known as proton pump inhibitors (PPIs).

Prednisone

Generic Formulation: PrednisoneSpecialty: Internal Medicine
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 35
30-Day Fills 35.0
Days Supply 473
IL State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims45.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills55.3
Peer Average Days Supply1,013
Standard Average Utilization

This provider's prescribing patterns for this therapeutic formulation sit directly in line with standard baseline averages across IL. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $105.51 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$3.01

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$6.07

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

A synthetic anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid derived from CORTISONE. It is biologically inert and converted to PREDNISOLONE in the liver.

Therapeutic Applications

Prednisone is used to treat conditions such as arthritis, blood disorders, breathing problems, severe allergies, skin diseases, cancer, eye problems, and immune system disorders. Prednisone belongs to a class of drugs known as corticosteroids. It decreases your immune system's response to various diseases to reduce symptoms such as swelling and allergic-type reactions.

Spironolactone

Generic Formulation: SpironolactoneSpecialty: Internal Medicine
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 13
30-Day Fills 13.0
Days Supply 390
IL State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims45.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills100.3
Peer Average Days Supply2,944
Highly Conservative Utilization

This provider demonstrates a highly selective approach to this formula, recording 71.1% less volume than the regional standard for practitioners inside IL. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $90.88 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$6.99

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$12.40

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

A potassium sparing diuretic that acts by antagonism of aldosterone in the distal renal tubules. It is used mainly in the treatment of refractory edema in patients with congestive heart failure, nephrotic syndrome, or hepatic cirrhosis. Its effects on the endocrine system are utilized in the treatments of hirsutism and acne but they can lead to adverse effects. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p827)

Therapeutic Applications

Spironolactone is used to treat high blood pressure and heart failure. Lowering high blood pressure helps prevent strokes, heart attacks, and kidney problems. It is also used to treat swelling (edema) caused by certain conditions (such as heart failure, liver disease) by removing excess fluid and improving symptoms such as breathing problems. This medication is also used to treat conditions in which the body is making too much of a natural substance (aldosterone). Spironolactone is known as a water pill (potassium-sparing diuretic).

Dataset Methodology & CMS Source Information

This analytical profile maps public infrastructure records sourced directly from official **Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS)** public data releases. The statistics above track documented pharmaceutical treatment trends assigned to beneficiaries specifically under federal public programs. Evaluating the prescriptive footprints of clinical practitioners like DR. DAVID VIJAY KUMAR M.D., PH. D. provides transparency into local medical care patterns within Chicago, IL.

Key Learning Objectives for this Profile:

  • Prescribing Frequencies: Track and evaluate the volume metrics of specific brand-name and generic medical formulas chosen by this provider over time.
  • Clinical Focus Areas: Identify how the provider distributes therapeutic selections across medical care options to gain insight into their true day-to-day **Internal Medicine** practice concentrations.
  • Program Cost Awareness: Review the calculated total systemic drug costs and raw transactional volumes linked to these orders to better anticipate network insurance coverage structures.
  • Patient-Centered Evaluation: Cross-reference localized regional care comparisons to align practitioner habits directly with your proactive health maintenance goals.

Data Scope Exclusion & Limitations: The data elements presented above explicitly reflect prescription orders processed for Medicare beneficiaries during the year 2023. This informational profile does not aggregate prescription data for individuals utilizing private commercial health plans, state Medicaid coverage, or self-pay options. However, because medical decision-making remains highly consistent across clinical settings, this public registry provides a reliable proxy for understanding the general prescribing preferences and pharmaceutical care approach used by this provider.