JUSTIN M ZBRZEZNY M.D.
Prescription History 1699938639
Urology in Needham, MA

NPI Status: Active since July 09, 2008

Contact Information

100 WEST ST
NEEDHAM, MA
ZIP 02494
Phone: (781) 433-2110
Fax: (781) 433-2117

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Prescription History for Informed Healthcare Decisions

Explore the verified Medicare Part D prescription history, volume metrics, and calculated drug costs for JUSTIN M ZBRZEZNY M.D., an active Urology specialist practicing in Needham, MA. Our medical registry currently tracks 16 unique pharmaceutical formulations prescribed by this provider, representing an estimated volume of 1,237 documented patient claims. Among these therapy options, the most frequently utilized medication is Tamsulosin Hcl, which accounts for 539 claims alone.


Alfuzosin Hcl Er

Generic Formulation: Alfuzosin HclSpecialty: Urology
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 51
30-Day Fills 139.0
Days Supply 4,170
MA State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims48.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills117.8
Peer Average Days Supply3,517
Standard Average Utilization

This provider's prescribing patterns for this therapeutic formulation sit directly in line with standard baseline averages across MA. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $2,304.79 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$45.19

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$30.44

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Therapeutic Applications

Alfuzosin is used by men to treat the symptoms of an enlarged prostate (benign prostatic hyperplasia-BPH). It does not shrink the prostate, but it works by relaxing the muscles in the prostate and the bladder. This helps to relieve symptoms of BPH such as difficulty in beginning the flow of urine, weak stream, and the need to urinate often or urgently (including during the middle of the night). Alfuzosin belongs to a class of drugs known as alpha blockers. Do not use this medication to treat high blood pressure.

Amoxicillin-Clavulanate Potass

Generic Formulation: Amoxicillin/Potassium ClavSpecialty: Urology
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 12
30-Day Fills 12.0
Days Supply 82
MA State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims21.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills21.9
Peer Average Days Supply189
Conservative Utilization

This provider writes prescriptions for this formulation 42.9% less frequently than the standard regional baseline metric for practitioners inside MA. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $88.42 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$7.37

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$12.93

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

A fixed-ratio combination of amoxicillin trihydrate and potassium clavulanate.

Therapeutic Applications

Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid is a combination penicillin-type antibiotic used to treat a wide variety of bacterial infections. It works by stopping the growth of bacteria. This antibiotic treats only bacterial infections. It will not work for viral infections (such as common cold, flu). Using any antibiotic when it is not needed can cause it to not work for future infections.

Cephalexin

Generic Formulation: CephalexinSpecialty: Urology
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 21
30-Day Fills 25.0
Days Supply 298
MA State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims26.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills28.4
Peer Average Days Supply295
Standard Average Utilization

This provider's prescribing patterns for this therapeutic formulation sit directly in line with standard baseline averages across MA. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $63.93 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$3.04

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$9.07

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

A semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic with antimicrobial activity similar to that of CEPHALORIDINE or CEPHALOTHIN, but somewhat less potent. It is effective against both gram-positive and gram-negative organisms.

Therapeutic Applications

This medication is used to treat a wide variety of bacterial infections. This medication is known as a cephalosporin antibiotic. It works by stopping the growth of bacteria. This medication will not work for viral infections (such as common cold, flu). Unnecessary use or misuse of any antibiotic can lead to its decreased effectiveness.

Ciprofloxacin Hcl

Generic Formulation: Ciprofloxacin HclSpecialty: Urology
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 26
30-Day Fills 26.0
Days Supply 198
MA State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims24.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills24.7
Peer Average Days Supply197
Standard Average Utilization

This provider's prescribing patterns for this therapeutic formulation sit directly in line with standard baseline averages across MA. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $127.87 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$4.92

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$6.69

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

A broad-spectrum antimicrobial carboxyfluoroquinoline.

Therapeutic Applications

This medication is used to treat eye infections. Ciprofloxacin belongs to a class of drugs called quinolone antibiotics. It works by stopping the growth of bacteria. This medication treats only bacterial eye infections. It will not work for other types of eye infections. Unnecessary use or overuse of any antibiotic can lead to its decreased effectiveness.

Finasteride

Generic Formulation: FinasterideSpecialty: Urology
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 238
30-Day Fills 645.7
Days Supply 19,370
MA State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims56.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills130.2
Peer Average Days Supply3,839
Highly Elevated Utilization

This provider exhibits a high preference for this treatment path, registering a volume 325.0% higher than the standard regional baseline profile for MA. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $5,974.41 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$25.10

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$17.73

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

An orally active 3-OXO-5-ALPHA-STEROID 4-DEHYDROGENASE inhibitor. It is used as a surgical alternative for treatment of benign PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA.

Therapeutic Applications

Finasteride is used to shrink an enlarged prostate (benign prostatic hyperplasia or BPH) in adult men. It may be used alone or taken in combination with other medications to reduce symptoms of BPH and may also reduce the need for surgery. Finasteride may improve symptoms of BPH and provide benefits such as decreased urge to urinate, better urine flow with less straining, less of a feeling that the bladder is not completely emptied, and decreased nighttime urination. This medication works by decreasing the amount of a natural body hormone (DHT) that causes growth of the prostate. Finasteride is not approved for prevention of prostate cancer. It may slightly increase the risk of developing a very serious form of prostate cancer. Talk to your doctor about the benefits and risks. Women and children should not use this medication.

Methenamine Hippurate

Generic Formulation: Methenamine HippurateSpecialty: Urology
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 34
30-Day Fills 49.0
Days Supply 1,454
MA State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims37.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills52.9
Peer Average Days Supply1,485
Standard Average Utilization

This provider's prescribing patterns for this therapeutic formulation sit directly in line with standard baseline averages across MA. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $3,023.16 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$88.92

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$89.19

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Therapeutic Applications

Methenamine is used to prevent or control returning urinary tract infections caused by certain bacteria. It is not used to treat an active infection. Antibiotics must be used first to treat and cure the infection. Methenamine is a drug that stops the growth of bacteria in urine. This medication also contains an ingredient that helps to make the urine acidic. When the urine is acidic, methenamine turns into formaldehyde to kill the bacteria. This drug is effective only against bacterial infections in the urinary tract. It will not work for other types of bacterial infections (such as in the blood) or for viral infections (such as the common cold or flu). Unnecessary use or misuse of any antibacterial drug can lead to its decreased effectiveness.

Myrbetriq

Generic Formulation: MirabegronSpecialty: Urology
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 96
30-Day Fills 104.0
Days Supply 3,067
MA State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims55.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills74.8
Peer Average Days Supply2,074
Highly Elevated Utilization

This provider exhibits a high preference for this treatment path, registering a volume 74.5% higher than the standard regional baseline profile for MA. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $46,650.72 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$485.95

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$561.34

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Therapeutic Applications

This medication is used to treat certain bladder problems (overactive bladder, neurogenic detrusor overactivity). Overactive bladder is a problem with how your bladder stores urine. Neurogenic detrusor overactivity is a bladder control condition caused by brain, spinal cord, or nerve problems. Symptoms of these conditions may include frequent urination, strong sudden urges to urinate that are hard to control, or involuntary loss of urine (incontinence). Mirabegron works by relaxing a certain bladder muscle (detrusor), which helps the bladder hold more urine and lessens symptoms of overactive bladder and neurogenic detrusor overactivity.

Nitrofurantoin

Generic Formulation: Nitrofurantoin MacrocrystalSpecialty: Urology
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 12
30-Day Fills 12.0
Days Supply 360
MA State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims24.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills32.5
Peer Average Days Supply822
Conservative Utilization

This provider writes prescriptions for this formulation 50.0% less frequently than the standard regional baseline metric for practitioners inside MA. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $321.85 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$26.82

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$37.07

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

A urinary anti-infective agent effective against most gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. Although sulfonamides and antibiotics are usually the agents of choice for urinary tract infections, nitrofurantoin is widely used for prophylaxis and long-term suppression.

Therapeutic Applications

Nitrofurantoin is an antibiotic used to treat or prevent certain bladder infections. It works by stopping the growth of bacteria. This antibiotic treats only bacterial infections. It will not work for viral infections (such as common cold, flu). Using any antibiotic when it is not needed can cause it to not work for future infections. This medication should not be used in infants younger than 1 month old (see also Precautions section). This drug should not be used to treat infections outside the bladder (including kidney infections such as pyelonephritis or perinephric abscesses).

Nitrofurantoin Mono-Macro

Generic Formulation: Nitrofurantoin Monohyd/M-CrystSpecialty: Urology
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 19
30-Day Fills 19.0
Days Supply 189
MA State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims23.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills24.7
Peer Average Days Supply212
Standard Average Utilization

This provider's prescribing patterns for this therapeutic formulation sit directly in line with standard baseline averages across MA. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $334.85 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$17.62

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$20.99

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Therapeutic Applications

This medication is an antibiotic used to treat bladder infections (acute cystitis). It works by stopping the growth of bacteria. This antibiotic treats only bacterial infections. It will not work for viral infections (such as common cold, flu). Using any antibiotic when it is not needed can cause it to not work for future infections. This medication should not be used in infants younger than 1 month old (see also Precautions section). This drug should not be used to treat infections outside the bladder (including kidney infections such as pyelonephritis or perinephric abscesses).

Oxybutynin Chloride Er

Generic Formulation: Oxybutynin ChlorideSpecialty: Urology
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 67
30-Day Fills 166.3
Days Supply 4,990
MA State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims33.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills65.7
Peer Average Days Supply1,925
Highly Elevated Utilization

This provider exhibits a high preference for this treatment path, registering a volume 103.0% higher than the standard regional baseline profile for MA. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $2,063.71 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$30.80

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$50.84

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Therapeutic Applications

This is a long-acting form of oxybutynin that is used to treat overactive bladder and urinary conditions. It relaxes the muscles in the bladder to help decrease problems of urgency and frequent urination. Oxybutynin belongs to a class of drugs known as antispasmodics. This medication is also used to treat children 6 years of age and older who have an overactive bladder due to certain nerve disorders (such as spina bifida).

Potassium Citrate Er

Generic Formulation: Potassium CitrateSpecialty: Urology
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 32
30-Day Fills 66.0
Days Supply 1,980
MA State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims25.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills51.8
Peer Average Days Supply1,524
Elevated Utilization

This provider maintains an active emphasis on this therapeutic option, recording 28.0% more claims than the standard regional baseline profile for MA. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $6,582.86 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$205.71

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$159.42

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

A powder that dissolves in water, which is administered orally, and is used as a diuretic, expectorant, systemic alkalizer, and electrolyte replenisher.

Therapeutic Applications

This medication is used to make the urine less acidic. This effect helps the kidneys get rid of uric acid, thereby helping to prevent gout and kidney stones. This medication can also prevent and treat certain metabolic problems (acidosis) caused by kidney disease. Citric acid and citrate salts (which contain potassium and sodium) belong to a class of drugs known as urinary alkalinizers. If you have a condition that requires you to limit your intake of potassium and sodium, your doctor may direct you to take a product that is lower in potassium and sodium.

Sulfamethoxazole-Trimethoprim

Generic Formulation: Sulfamethoxazole/TrimethoprimSpecialty: Urology
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 32
30-Day Fills 32.0
Days Supply 473
MA State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims25.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills29.5
Peer Average Days Supply486
Elevated Utilization

This provider maintains an active emphasis on this therapeutic option, recording 28.0% more claims than the standard regional baseline profile for MA. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $144.49 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$4.52

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$6.23

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

A drug combination with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. It is effective in the treatment of many infections, including PNEUMOCYSTIS PNEUMONIA in AIDS.

Therapeutic Applications

This medication is a combination of two antibiotics: sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim. It is used to treat a wide variety of bacterial infections (such as middle ear, urine, respiratory, and intestinal infections). It is also used to prevent and treat a certain type of pneumonia (pneumocystis-type). This medication should not be used by children less than 2 months of age due to the risk of serious side effects. This medication treats only certain types of infections. It will not work for viral infections (such as flu). Unnecessary use or misuse of any antibiotic can lead to its decreased effectiveness.

Tamsulosin Hcl

Generic Formulation: Tamsulosin HclSpecialty: Urology
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 539
30-Day Fills 1,345.2
Days Supply 40,324
MA State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims74.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills163.8
Peer Average Days Supply4,817
Highly Elevated Utilization

This provider exhibits a high preference for this treatment path, registering a volume 628.4% higher than the standard regional baseline profile for MA. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $16,132.13 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$29.93

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$24.27

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Therapeutic Applications

Tamsulosin is used by men to treat the symptoms of an enlarged prostate (benign prostatic hyperplasia-BPH). It does not shrink the prostate, but it works by relaxing the muscles in the prostate and the bladder. This helps to relieve symptoms of BPH such as difficulty in beginning the flow of urine, weak stream, and the need to urinate often or urgently (including during the middle of the night). Tamsulosin belongs to a class of drugs known as alpha blockers. Do not use this medication to treat high blood pressure.

Tolterodine Tartrate

Generic Formulation: Tolterodine TartrateSpecialty: Urology
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 16
30-Day Fills 22.0
Days Supply 634
MA State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims16.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills19.8
Peer Average Days Supply506
Standard Average Utilization

This provider's prescribing patterns for this therapeutic formulation sit directly in line with standard baseline averages across MA. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $1,806.60 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$112.91

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$99.35

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

An ANTIMUSCARINIC AGENT selective for the MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS of the BLADDER that is used in the treatment of URINARY INCONTINENCE and URINARY URGE INCONTINENCE.

Therapeutic Applications

This medication is used to treat an overactive bladder. By relaxing the muscles in the bladder, tolterodine improves your ability to control your urination. It helps to reduce leaking of urine, feelings of needing to urinate right away, and frequent trips to the bathroom. This medication belongs to the class of drugs known as antispasmodics.

Trospium Chloride

Generic Formulation: Trospium ChlorideSpecialty: Urology
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 25
30-Day Fills 61.0
Days Supply 1,830
MA State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims29.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills52.0
Peer Average Days Supply1,520
Standard Average Utilization

This provider's prescribing patterns for this therapeutic formulation sit directly in line with standard baseline averages across MA. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $2,405.49 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$96.22

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$87.42

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Therapeutic Applications

This medication is used to treat an overactive bladder. By relaxing the muscles in the bladder, trospium improves your ability to control your urination. It helps to reduce leaking of urine, feelings of needing to urinate right away, and frequent trips to the bathroom. Trospium belongs to a class of drugs known as antispasmodics. It is also known as an antimuscarinic.

Trospium Chloride Er

Generic Formulation: Trospium ChlorideSpecialty: Urology
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 17
30-Day Fills 23.0
Days Supply 690
MA State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims29.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills51.2
Peer Average Days Supply1,507
Conservative Utilization

This provider writes prescriptions for this formulation 41.4% less frequently than the standard regional baseline metric for practitioners inside MA. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $1,787.53 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$105.15

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$200.50

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Therapeutic Applications

This medication is used to treat an overactive bladder. By relaxing the muscles in the bladder, trospium improves your ability to control your urination. It helps to reduce leaking of urine, feelings of needing to urinate right away, and frequent trips to the bathroom. Trospium belongs to a class of drugs known as antispasmodics. It is also known as an antimuscarinic.

Dataset Methodology & CMS Source Information

This analytical profile maps public infrastructure records sourced directly from official **Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS)** public data releases. The statistics above track documented pharmaceutical treatment trends assigned to beneficiaries specifically under federal public programs. Evaluating the prescriptive footprints of clinical practitioners like JUSTIN M ZBRZEZNY M.D. provides transparency into local medical care patterns within Needham, MA.

Key Learning Objectives for this Profile:

  • Prescribing Frequencies: Track and evaluate the volume metrics of specific brand-name and generic medical formulas chosen by this provider over time.
  • Clinical Focus Areas: Identify how the provider distributes therapeutic selections across medical care options to gain insight into their true day-to-day **Urology** practice concentrations.
  • Program Cost Awareness: Review the calculated total systemic drug costs and raw transactional volumes linked to these orders to better anticipate network insurance coverage structures.
  • Patient-Centered Evaluation: Cross-reference localized regional care comparisons to align practitioner habits directly with your proactive health maintenance goals.

Data Scope Exclusion & Limitations: The data elements presented above explicitly reflect prescription orders processed for Medicare beneficiaries during the year 2023. This informational profile does not aggregate prescription data for individuals utilizing private commercial health plans, state Medicaid coverage, or self-pay options. However, because medical decision-making remains highly consistent across clinical settings, this public registry provides a reliable proxy for understanding the general prescribing preferences and pharmaceutical care approach used by this provider.