MS. LAUREN E. GROVES P.A.-C.
Prescription History 1417972613
Physician Assistant in Clinton Twp, MI

NPI Status: Active since July 12, 2006

Contact Information

43475 DALCOMA DR STE 200
CLINTON TWP, MI
ZIP 48038
Phone: (586) 228-2518
Fax: (586) 228-2517

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Prescription History for Informed Healthcare Decisions

Explore the verified Medicare Part D prescription history, volume metrics, and calculated drug costs for MS. LAUREN E. GROVES P.A.-C., an active Physician Assistant specialist practicing in Clinton Twp, MI. Our medical registry currently tracks 29 unique pharmaceutical formulations prescribed by this provider, representing an estimated volume of 1,166 documented patient claims. Among these therapy options, the most frequently utilized medication is Eliquis, which accounts for 183 claims alone.


Amiodarone Hcl

Generic Formulation: Amiodarone HclSpecialty: Physician Assistant
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 27
30-Day Fills 68.9
Days Supply 2,066
MI State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims36.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills75.0
Peer Average Days Supply2,201
Standard Average Utilization

This provider's prescribing patterns for this therapeutic formulation sit directly in line with standard baseline averages across MI. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $1,284.77 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$47.58

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$31.90

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Therapeutic Applications

This medication is used to treat certain types of serious (possibly fatal) irregular heartbeat (such as recurrent ventricular fibrillation/tachycardia). It is used to restore normal heart rhythm and maintain a regular, steady heartbeat. Amiodarone is known as an anti-arrhythmic drug. It works by blocking certain electrical signals in the heart that can cause an irregular heartbeat.

Amlodipine Besylate

Generic Formulation: Amlodipine BesylateSpecialty: Physician Assistant
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 15
30-Day Fills 37.0
Days Supply 1,110
MI State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims130.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills307.7
Peer Average Days Supply9,167
Highly Conservative Utilization

This provider demonstrates a highly selective approach to this formula, recording 88.5% less volume than the regional standard for practitioners inside MI. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $189.47 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$12.63

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$8.17

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

A long-acting dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker. It is effective in the treatment of ANGINA PECTORIS and HYPERTENSION.

Therapeutic Applications

Amlodipine is used with or without other medications to treat high blood pressure. Lowering high blood pressure helps prevent strokes, heart attacks, and kidney problems. Amlodipine belongs to a class of drugs known as calcium channel blockers. It works by relaxing blood vessels so blood can flow more easily. Amlodipine is also used to prevent certain types of chest pain (angina). It may help to increase your ability to exercise and decrease the frequency of angina attacks. It should not be used to treat attacks of chest pain when they occur. Use other medications (such as sublingual nitroglycerin) to relieve attacks of chest pain as directed by your doctor.

Atorvastatin Calcium

Generic Formulation: Atorvastatin CalciumSpecialty: Physician Assistant
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 125
30-Day Fills 355.2
Days Supply 10,653
MI State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims182.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills441.0
Peer Average Days Supply13,142
Conservative Utilization

This provider writes prescriptions for this formulation 31.3% less frequently than the standard regional baseline metric for practitioners inside MI. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $2,288.29 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$18.31

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$15.97

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

A pyrrole and heptanoic acid derivative, HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL-COA REDUCTASE INHIBITOR (statin), and ANTICHOLESTEREMIC AGENT that is used to reduce serum levels of LDL-CHOLESTEROL; APOLIPOPROTEIN B; and TRIGLYCERIDES. It is used to increase serum levels of HDL-CHOLESTEROL in the treatment of HYPERLIPIDEMIAS, and for the prevention of CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES in patients with multiple risk factors.

Therapeutic Applications

Atorvastatin is used along with a proper diet to help lower bad cholesterol and fats (such as LDL, triglycerides) and raise good cholesterol (HDL) in the blood. It belongs to a group of drugs known as statins. It works by reducing the amount of cholesterol made by the liver. Lowering bad cholesterol and triglycerides and raising good cholesterol decreases the risk of heart disease and helps prevent strokes and heart attacks. In addition to eating a proper diet (such as a low-cholesterol/low-fat diet), other lifestyle changes that may help this medication work better include exercising, losing weight if overweight, and stopping smoking. Consult your doctor for more details.

Carvedilol

Generic Formulation: CarvedilolSpecialty: Physician Assistant
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 12
30-Day Fills 29.0
Days Supply 870
MI State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims59.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills136.2
Peer Average Days Supply4,047
Highly Conservative Utilization

This provider demonstrates a highly selective approach to this formula, recording 79.7% less volume than the regional standard for practitioners inside MI. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $170.72 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$14.23

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$12.35

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

A carbazole and propanol derivative that acts as a non-cardioselective beta blocker and vasodilator. It has blocking activity for ALPHA 1 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS and, at higher doses, may function as a blocker of CALCIUM CHANNELS; it also has antioxidant properties. Carvedilol is used in the treatment of HYPERTENSION; ANGINA PECTORIS; and HEART FAILURE. It can also reduce the risk of death following MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.

Therapeutic Applications

Carvedilol is used to treat high blood pressure and heart failure. It is also used after a heart attack to improve the chance of survival if your heart is not pumping well. Lowering high blood pressure helps prevent strokes, heart attacks, and kidney problems. This drug works by blocking the action of certain natural substances in your body, such as epinephrine, on the heart and blood vessels. This effect lowers your heart rate, blood pressure, and strain on your heart. Carvedilol belongs to a class of drugs known as alpha and beta blockers.

Clopidogrel

Generic Formulation: Clopidogrel BisulfateSpecialty: Physician Assistant
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 21
30-Day Fills 63.0
Days Supply 1,890
MI State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims55.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills126.7
Peer Average Days Supply3,767
Highly Conservative Utilization

This provider demonstrates a highly selective approach to this formula, recording 61.8% less volume than the regional standard for practitioners inside MI. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $402.76 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$19.18

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$16.93

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

A ticlopidine analog and platelet purinergic P2Y receptor antagonist that inhibits adenosine diphosphate-mediated PLATELET AGGREGATION. It is used to prevent THROMBOEMBOLISM in patients with ARTERIAL OCCLUSIVE DISEASES; MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; STROKE; or ATRIAL FIBRILLATION.

Therapeutic Applications

Clopidogrel is used to prevent heart attacks and strokes in persons with heart disease (recent heart attack), recent stroke, or blood circulation disease (peripheral vascular disease). It is also used with aspirin to treat new/worsening chest pain (new heart attack, unstable angina) and to keep blood vessels open and prevent blood clots after certain procedures (such as cardiac stent). Clopidogrel works by blocking platelets from sticking together and prevents them from forming harmful clots. It is an antiplatelet drug. It helps keep blood flowing smoothly in your body.

Eliquis

Generic Formulation: ApixabanSpecialty: Physician Assistant
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 183
30-Day Fills 359.8
Days Supply 10,785
MI State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims76.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills135.2
Peer Average Days Supply3,873
Highly Elevated Utilization

This provider exhibits a high preference for this treatment path, registering a volume 140.8% higher than the standard regional baseline profile for MI. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $200,691.90 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$1,096.68

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$879.34

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Therapeutic Applications

Apixaban is used to prevent serious blood clots from forming due to a certain irregular heartbeat (atrial fibrillation) or after hip/knee replacement surgery. With atrial fibrillation, part of the heart does not beat the way it should. This can lead to blood clots forming, which can travel to other parts of your body (such as the lungs or legs) or increase your risk for stroke. In the United States, apixaban is also approved to treat certain types of blood clots (deep vein thrombosis-DVT, pulmonary embolus-PE) and to prevent them from forming again. Apixaban is an anticoagulant that works by blocking certain clotting proteins in your blood.

Eplerenone

Generic Formulation: EplerenoneSpecialty: Physician Assistant
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 15
30-Day Fills 29.0
Days Supply 870
MI State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims22.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills52.1
Peer Average Days Supply1,556
Conservative Utilization

This provider writes prescriptions for this formulation 31.8% less frequently than the standard regional baseline metric for practitioners inside MI. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $779.75 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$51.98

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$166.18

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

A spironolactone derivative and selective ALDOSTERONE RECEPTOR antagonist that is used in the management of HYPERTENSION and CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE, post-MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.

Therapeutic Applications

This medication is used alone or in combination with other medicines to treat high blood pressure. It works by blocking a chemical (aldosterone) in your body which in turn lowers the amount of sodium and water the body retains. Lowering high blood pressure helps prevent strokes, heart attacks and kidney problems. It is also used to treat congestive heart failure following a heart attack.

Ezetimibe

Generic Formulation: EzetimibeSpecialty: Physician Assistant
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 46
30-Day Fills 136.0
Days Supply 4,080
MI State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims37.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills95.2
Peer Average Days Supply2,847
Standard Average Utilization

This provider's prescribing patterns for this therapeutic formulation sit directly in line with standard baseline averages across MI. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $1,143.76 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$24.86

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$58.78

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

An azetidine derivative and ANTICHOLESTEREMIC AGENT that inhibits intestinal STEROL absorption. It is used to reduce total CHOLESTEROL; LDL CHOLESTEROL, and APOLIPOPROTEINS B in the treatment of HYPERLIPIDEMIAS.

Therapeutic Applications

Ezetimibe is used along with a low cholesterol/low fat diet and exercise to help lower cholesterol in the blood. Ezetimibe may be used alone or with other drugs (such as statins or fibrates). Ezetimibe works by reducing the amount of cholesterol your body absorbs from your diet. Reducing cholesterol may help prevent strokes and heart attacks.

Fenofibrate

Generic Formulation: FenofibrateSpecialty: Physician Assistant
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 13
30-Day Fills 23.2
Days Supply 691
MI State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims23.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills53.2
Peer Average Days Supply1,588
Conservative Utilization

This provider writes prescriptions for this formulation 43.5% less frequently than the standard regional baseline metric for practitioners inside MI. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $338.31 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$26.02

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$49.26

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

An antilipemic agent which reduces both CHOLESTEROL and TRIGLYCERIDES in the blood.

Therapeutic Applications

Fenofibrate is used along with a proper diet to help lower bad cholesterol and fats (such as LDL, triglycerides) and raise good cholesterol (HDL) in the blood. It works by increasing the natural substance (enzyme) that breaks down fats in the blood. Fenofibrate belongs to a group of drugs known as fibrates. Lowering triglycerides in people with very high triglyceride blood levels may decrease the risk of pancreas disease (pancreatitis). However, fenofibrate might not lower your risk of a heart attack or stroke. Talk to your doctor about the risks and benefits of fenofibrate. In addition to eating a proper diet (such as a low-cholesterol/low-fat diet), other lifestyle changes that may help this medication work better include exercising, losing weight if overweight, and stopping smoking. Consult your doctor for more details.

Furosemide

Generic Formulation: FurosemideSpecialty: Physician Assistant
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 56
30-Day Fills 125.0
Days Supply 3,723
MI State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims73.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills145.3
Peer Average Days Supply4,237
Standard Average Utilization

This provider's prescribing patterns for this therapeutic formulation sit directly in line with standard baseline averages across MI. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $281.58 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$5.03

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$6.12

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

A benzoic-sulfonamide-furan. It is a diuretic with fast onset and short duration that is used for EDEMA and chronic RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.

Therapeutic Applications

Furosemide is used to reduce extra fluid in the body (edema) caused by conditions such as heart failure, liver disease, and kidney disease. This can lessen symptoms such as shortness of breath and swelling in your arms, legs, and abdomen. This drug is also used to treat high blood pressure. Lowering high blood pressure helps prevent strokes, heart attacks, and kidney problems. Furosemide is a water pill (diuretic) that causes you to make more urine. This helps your body get rid of extra water and salt.

Hydrochlorothiazide

Generic Formulation: HydrochlorothiazideSpecialty: Physician Assistant
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 13
30-Day Fills 31.0
Days Supply 930
MI State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims69.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills171.2
Peer Average Days Supply5,118
Highly Conservative Utilization

This provider demonstrates a highly selective approach to this formula, recording 81.2% less volume than the regional standard for practitioners inside MI. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $90.30 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$6.95

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$5.71

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

A thiazide diuretic often considered the prototypical member of this class. It reduces the reabsorption of electrolytes from the renal tubules. This results in increased excretion of water and electrolytes, including sodium, potassium, chloride, and magnesium. It is used in the treatment of several disorders including edema, hypertension, diabetes insipidus, and hypoparathyroidism.

Therapeutic Applications

This medication is used to treat high blood pressure. Lowering high blood pressure helps prevent strokes, heart attacks, and kidney problems. Hydrochlorothiazide belongs to a class of drugs known as diuretics/water pills. It works by causing you to make more urine. This helps your body get rid of extra salt and water. This medication also reduces extra fluid in the body (edema) caused by conditions such as heart failure, liver disease, or kidney disease. This can lessen symptoms such as shortness of breath or swelling in your ankles or feet.

Isosorbide Mononitrate Er

Generic Formulation: Isosorbide MononitrateSpecialty: Physician Assistant
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 17
30-Day Fills 43.0
Days Supply 1,290
MI State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims42.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills95.8
Peer Average Days Supply2,849
Highly Conservative Utilization

This provider demonstrates a highly selective approach to this formula, recording 59.5% less volume than the regional standard for practitioners inside MI. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $231.64 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$13.63

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$19.59

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Therapeutic Applications

Isosorbide mononitrate is used to prevent chest pain (angina) in patients with a certain heart condition (coronary artery disease). This medication belongs to a class of drugs known as nitrates. It works by relaxing and widening blood vessels so blood can flow more easily to the heart. This medication will not relieve chest pain once it occurs. Also, it is not intended to be taken just before physical activities (such as exercise or sexual intercourse) to prevent chest pain. Other medications may be prescribed by your doctor for these conditions. Consult your doctor for more details.

Jardiance

Generic Formulation: EmpagliflozinSpecialty: Physician Assistant
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 27
30-Day Fills 64.0
Days Supply 1,920
MI State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims38.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills72.1
Peer Average Days Supply2,133
Conservative Utilization

This provider writes prescriptions for this formulation 28.9% less frequently than the standard regional baseline metric for practitioners inside MI. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $36,504.39 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$1,352.01

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$1,053.35

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Therapeutic Applications

Empagliflozin is used with a proper diet and exercise program to control high blood sugar in people with type 2 diabetes. Controlling high blood sugar helps prevent kidney damage, blindness, nerve problems, loss of limbs, and sexual function problems. Empagliflozin is also used in patients with type 2 diabetes and heart disease to lower the risk of death from heart attack or stroke. Empagliflozin works by increasing the removal of sugar by your kidneys. Empagliflozin is also used to treat heart failure. It may help you live longer and lower your risk of going to the hospital for heart failure. Empagliflozin works by increasing the removal of sodium by your kidneys.

Lisinopril

Generic Formulation: LisinoprilSpecialty: Physician Assistant
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 22
30-Day Fills 66.0
Days Supply 1,980
MI State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims125.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills305.7
Peer Average Days Supply9,117
Highly Conservative Utilization

This provider demonstrates a highly selective approach to this formula, recording 82.4% less volume than the regional standard for practitioners inside MI. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $250.67 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$11.39

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$9.00

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

One of the ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS (ACE inhibitors), orally active, that has been used in the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure.

Therapeutic Applications

Lisinopril is used to treat high blood pressure. Lowering high blood pressure helps prevent strokes, heart attacks, and kidney problems. It is also used to treat heart failure and to improve survival after a heart attack. Lisinopril belongs to a class of drugs known as ACE inhibitors. It works by relaxing blood vessels so blood can flow more easily.

Lisinopril-Hydrochlorothiazide

Generic Formulation: Lisinopril/HydrochlorothiazideSpecialty: Physician Assistant
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 12
30-Day Fills 36.0
Days Supply 1,080
MI State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims41.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills107.1
Peer Average Days Supply3,205
Highly Conservative Utilization

This provider demonstrates a highly selective approach to this formula, recording 70.7% less volume than the regional standard for practitioners inside MI. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $91.59 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$7.63

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$11.65

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Therapeutic Applications

This medication is used to treat high blood pressure. Lowering high blood pressure helps prevent strokes, heart attacks, and kidney problems. This product contains two medications: lisinopril and hydrochlorothiazide. Lisinopril is an ACE inhibitor and works by relaxing blood vessels so that blood can flow more easily. Hydrochlorothiazide is a water pill (diuretic) that causes you to make more urine, which helps your body get rid of extra salt and water. This product is used when one drug is not controlling your blood pressure. Your doctor may direct you to take the individual medications first, and then switch you to this combination product. Do not continue taking the individual medications (lisinopril and/or hydrochlorothiazide) after you start this medication.

Losartan Potassium

Generic Formulation: Losartan PotassiumSpecialty: Physician Assistant
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 60
30-Day Fills 150.5
Days Supply 4,491
MI State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims106.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills262.3
Peer Average Days Supply7,829
Conservative Utilization

This provider writes prescriptions for this formulation 43.4% less frequently than the standard regional baseline metric for practitioners inside MI. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $1,088.87 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$18.15

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$16.32

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

An antagonist of ANGIOTENSIN TYPE 1 RECEPTOR with antihypertensive activity due to the reduced pressor effect of ANGIOTENSIN II.

Therapeutic Applications

Losartan is used to treat high blood pressure (hypertension) and to help protect the kidneys from damage due to diabetes. It is also used to lower the risk of strokes in patients with high blood pressure and an enlarged heart. Lowering high blood pressure helps prevent strokes, heart attacks, and kidney problems. Losartan belongs to a class of drugs called angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs). It works by relaxing blood vessels so that blood can flow more easily.

Metoprolol Succinate

Generic Formulation: Metoprolol SuccinateSpecialty: Physician Assistant
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 145
30-Day Fills 359.0
Days Supply 10,768
MI State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims102.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills248.2
Peer Average Days Supply7,400
Elevated Utilization

This provider maintains an active emphasis on this therapeutic option, recording 42.2% more claims than the standard regional baseline profile for MI. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $2,769.01 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$19.10

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$25.47

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

A selective adrenergic beta-1 blocking agent that is commonly used to treat ANGINA PECTORIS; HYPERTENSION; and CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS.

Therapeutic Applications

This medication is a beta-blocker used to treat chest pain (angina), heart failure, and high blood pressure. Lowering high blood pressure helps prevent strokes, heart attacks, and kidney problems. This drug works by blocking the action of certain natural chemicals in your body (such as epinephrine) that affect the heart and blood vessels. This lowers heart rate, blood pressure, and strain on the heart.

Metoprolol Tartrate

Generic Formulation: Metoprolol TartrateSpecialty: Physician Assistant
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 38
30-Day Fills 104.7
Days Supply 3,125
MI State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims72.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills161.5
Peer Average Days Supply4,785
Conservative Utilization

This provider writes prescriptions for this formulation 47.2% less frequently than the standard regional baseline metric for practitioners inside MI. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $224.35 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$5.90

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$8.40

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

A selective adrenergic beta-1 blocking agent that is commonly used to treat ANGINA PECTORIS; HYPERTENSION; and CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS.

Therapeutic Applications

Metoprolol is used with or without other medications to treat high blood pressure (hypertension). Lowering high blood pressure helps prevent strokes, heart attacks, and kidney problems. This medication is also used to treat chest pain (angina) and to improve survival after a heart attack. Metoprolol belongs to a class of drugs known as beta blockers. It works by blocking the action of certain natural chemicals in your body, such as epinephrine, on the heart and blood vessels. This effect lowers the heart rate, blood pressure, and strain on the heart.

Nifedipine Er

Generic Formulation: NifedipineSpecialty: Physician Assistant
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 51
30-Day Fills 116.0
Days Supply 3,480
MI State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims34.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills73.9
Peer Average Days Supply2,197
Elevated Utilization

This provider maintains an active emphasis on this therapeutic option, recording 50.0% more claims than the standard regional baseline profile for MI. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $1,964.22 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$38.51

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$59.35

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

A potent vasodilator agent with calcium antagonistic action. It is a useful anti-anginal agent that also lowers blood pressure.

Therapeutic Applications

This medication is used to prevent certain types of chest pain (angina). It may allow you to exercise more and decrease the frequency of angina attacks. Nifedipine belongs to a class of medications known as calcium channel blockers. It works by relaxing blood vessels so blood can flow more easily. This medication must be taken regularly to be effective. It should not be used to treat attacks of chest pain when they occur. Use other medications (such as sublingual nitroglycerin) to relieve attacks of chest pain as directed by your doctor. Consult your doctor or pharmacist for details. Older adults should discuss the risks and benefits of this medication with their doctor or pharmacist, as well as other possibly safer forms of nifedipine (such as the long-acting tablets).

Potassium Chloride

Generic Formulation: Potassium ChlorideSpecialty: Physician Assistant
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 28
30-Day Fills 56.0
Days Supply 1,680
MI State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims58.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills113.2
Peer Average Days Supply3,297
Highly Conservative Utilization

This provider demonstrates a highly selective approach to this formula, recording 51.7% less volume than the regional standard for practitioners inside MI. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $391.27 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$13.97

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$32.36

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

A white crystal or crystalline powder used in BUFFERS; FERTILIZERS; and EXPLOSIVES. It can be used to replenish ELECTROLYTES and restore WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE in treating HYPOKALEMIA.

Therapeutic Applications

This medication is a mineral supplement used to treat or prevent low amounts of potassium in the blood. A normal level of potassium in the blood is important. Potassium helps your cells, kidneys, heart, muscles, and nerves work properly. Most people get enough potassium by eating a well-balanced diet. Some conditions that can lower your body's potassium level include severe prolonged diarrhea and vomiting, hormone problems such as hyperaldosteronism, or treatment with water pills/diuretics.

Praluent Pen

Generic Formulation: AlirocumabSpecialty: Physician Assistant
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 16
30-Day Fills 24.0
Days Supply 696
MI State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims27.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills39.0
Peer Average Days Supply1,128
Conservative Utilization

This provider writes prescriptions for this formulation 40.7% less frequently than the standard regional baseline metric for practitioners inside MI. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $11,746.23 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$734.14

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$706.22

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Therapeutic Applications

Alirocumab is used by people who have blockage in the heart blood vessels to reduce the risk of heart attack, stroke, and certain types of chest pain that require treatment in a hospital. It is also used by people who have an inherited condition that causes high levels of LDL. Treatment with alirocumab, a proper diet, and cholesterol-lowering drugs can help lower bad cholesterol (LDL) in the blood. Alirocumab belongs to a class of drugs known as monoclonal antibodies. It works by improving how well your body gets rid of LDL cholesterol. In addition to eating a proper diet (such as a low-cholesterol/low-fat diet), other lifestyle changes that may help this medication work better include exercising, losing weight if overweight, and stopping smoking. Consult your doctor for more details.

Pravastatin Sodium

Generic Formulation: Pravastatin SodiumSpecialty: Physician Assistant
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 14
30-Day Fills 42.0
Days Supply 1,260
MI State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims49.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills127.2
Peer Average Days Supply3,801
Highly Conservative Utilization

This provider demonstrates a highly selective approach to this formula, recording 71.4% less volume than the regional standard for practitioners inside MI. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $229.92 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$16.42

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$21.40

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

An antilipemic fungal metabolite isolated from cultures of Nocardia autotrophica. It acts as a competitive inhibitor of HMG CoA reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES).

Therapeutic Applications

Pravastatin is used along with a proper diet to help lower bad cholesterol and fats (such as LDL, triglycerides) and raise good cholesterol (HDL) in the blood. It belongs to a group of drugs known as statins. It works by reducing the amount of cholesterol made by the liver. Lowering bad cholesterol and triglycerides and raising good cholesterol decreases the risk of heart disease and helps prevent strokes and heart attacks. In addition to eating a proper diet (such as a low-cholesterol/low-fat diet), other lifestyle changes that may help this medication work better include exercising, losing weight if overweight, and stopping smoking. Consult your doctor for more details.

Repatha Sureclick

Generic Formulation: EvolocumabSpecialty: Physician Assistant
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 38
30-Day Fills 45.2
Days Supply 1,288
MI State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims40.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills58.2
Peer Average Days Supply1,686
Standard Average Utilization

This provider's prescribing patterns for this therapeutic formulation sit directly in line with standard baseline averages across MI. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $25,112.98 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$660.87

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$749.99

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Therapeutic Applications

Evolocumab is used along with a proper diet to help lower bad cholesterol (LDL) in the blood. It may be used with other LDL-lowering treatments (such as statin drugs, ezetimibe, LDL apheresis). Evolocumab is also used by people who have heart disease to help prevent heart attacks and strokes. This medication belongs to a class of drugs known as monoclonal antibodies. It works by improving how well your body gets rid of LDL cholesterol. In addition to eating a proper diet (such as a low-cholesterol/low-fat diet), other lifestyle changes that may help this medication work better include exercising, losing weight if overweight, and stopping smoking. Consult your doctor for more details.

Rosuvastatin Calcium

Generic Formulation: Rosuvastatin CalciumSpecialty: Physician Assistant
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 24
30-Day Fills 70.0
Days Supply 2,100
MI State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims72.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills184.8
Peer Average Days Supply5,530
Highly Conservative Utilization

This provider demonstrates a highly selective approach to this formula, recording 66.7% less volume than the regional standard for practitioners inside MI. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $779.86 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$32.49

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$32.48

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

A HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL-COA-REDUCTASE INHIBITOR, or statin, that reduces the plasma concentrations of LDL-CHOLESTEROL; APOLIPOPROTEIN B, and TRIGLYCERIDES while increasing HDL-CHOLESTEROL levels in patients with HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA and those at risk for CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES.

Therapeutic Applications

Rosuvastatin is used along with a proper diet to help lower bad cholesterol and fats (such as LDL, triglycerides) and raise good cholesterol (HDL) in the blood. It belongs to a group of drugs known as statins. It works by reducing the amount of cholesterol made by the liver. Lowering bad cholesterol and triglycerides and raising good cholesterol decreases the risk of heart disease and helps to prevent strokes and heart attacks. In addition to eating a proper diet (such as a low cholesterol/low-fat diet), other lifestyle changes that may help this medication work better include exercising, losing weight if overweight, and stopping smoking. Talk with your doctor for more details.

Simvastatin

Generic Formulation: SimvastatinSpecialty: Physician Assistant
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 24
30-Day Fills 48.0
Days Supply 1,440
MI State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims86.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills217.2
Peer Average Days Supply6,495
Highly Conservative Utilization

This provider demonstrates a highly selective approach to this formula, recording 72.1% less volume than the regional standard for practitioners inside MI. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $169.48 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$7.06

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$13.65

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

A derivative of LOVASTATIN and potent competitive inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES), which is the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. It may also interfere with steroid hormone production. Due to the induction of hepatic LDL RECEPTORS, it increases breakdown of LDL CHOLESTEROL.

Therapeutic Applications

Simvastatin is used along with a proper diet to help lower bad cholesterol and fats (such as LDL, triglycerides) and raise good cholesterol (HDL) in the blood. It belongs to a group of drugs known as statins. It works by reducing the amount of cholesterol made by the liver. Lowering bad cholesterol and triglycerides and raising good cholesterol decreases the risk of heart disease and helps prevent strokes and heart attacks. In addition to eating a proper diet (such as a low-cholesterol/low-fat diet), other lifestyle changes that may help this medication work better include exercising, losing weight if overweight, and stopping smoking. Consult your doctor for more details.

Spironolactone

Generic Formulation: SpironolactoneSpecialty: Physician Assistant
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 46
30-Day Fills 126.0
Days Supply 3,765
MI State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims37.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills86.4
Peer Average Days Supply2,573
Standard Average Utilization

This provider's prescribing patterns for this therapeutic formulation sit directly in line with standard baseline averages across MI. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $449.00 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$9.76

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$13.08

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

A potassium sparing diuretic that acts by antagonism of aldosterone in the distal renal tubules. It is used mainly in the treatment of refractory edema in patients with congestive heart failure, nephrotic syndrome, or hepatic cirrhosis. Its effects on the endocrine system are utilized in the treatments of hirsutism and acne but they can lead to adverse effects. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p827)

Therapeutic Applications

Spironolactone is used to treat high blood pressure and heart failure. Lowering high blood pressure helps prevent strokes, heart attacks, and kidney problems. It is also used to treat swelling (edema) caused by certain conditions (such as heart failure, liver disease) by removing excess fluid and improving symptoms such as breathing problems. This medication is also used to treat conditions in which the body is making too much of a natural substance (aldosterone). Spironolactone is known as a water pill (potassium-sparing diuretic).

Torsemide

Generic Formulation: TorsemideSpecialty: Physician Assistant
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 35
30-Day Fills 80.3
Days Supply 2,333
MI State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims35.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills68.2
Peer Average Days Supply1,988
Standard Average Utilization

This provider's prescribing patterns for this therapeutic formulation sit directly in line with standard baseline averages across MI. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $543.43 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$15.53

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$20.66

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

A pyridine and sulfonamide derivative that acts as a sodium-potassium chloride symporter inhibitor (loop diuretic). It is used for the treatment of EDEMA associated with CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE; CHRONIC RENAL INSUFFICIENCY; and LIVER DISEASES. It is also used for the management of HYPERTENSION.

Therapeutic Applications

Torsemide is used to reduce extra fluid in the body (edema) caused by conditions such as heart failure, liver disease, and kidney disease. This can lessen symptoms such as shortness of breath and swelling in your arms, legs, and abdomen. This drug is also used to treat high blood pressure. Lowering high blood pressure helps prevent strokes, heart attacks, and kidney problems. Torsemide is a water pill (diuretic) that causes you to make more urine. This helps your body get rid of extra water and salt.

Warfarin Sodium

Generic Formulation: Warfarin SodiumSpecialty: Physician Assistant
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 12
30-Day Fills 35.8
Days Supply 1,074
MI State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims38.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills82.4
Peer Average Days Supply2,366
Highly Conservative Utilization

This provider demonstrates a highly selective approach to this formula, recording 68.4% less volume than the regional standard for practitioners inside MI. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $42.82 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$3.57

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$14.40

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

An anticoagulant that acts by inhibiting the synthesis of vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors. Warfarin is indicated for the prophylaxis and/or treatment of venous thrombosis and its extension, pulmonary embolism, and atrial fibrillation with embolization. It is also used as an adjunct in the prophylaxis of systemic embolism after myocardial infarction. Warfarin is also used as a rodenticide.

Therapeutic Applications

This medication is used to treat blood clots (such as in deep vein thrombosis-DVT or pulmonary embolus-PE) and/or to prevent new clots from forming in your body. Preventing harmful blood clots helps to reduce the risk of a stroke or heart attack. Conditions that increase your risk of developing blood clots include a certain type of irregular heart rhythm (atrial fibrillation), heart valve replacement, recent heart attack, and certain surgeries (such as hip/knee replacement). Warfarin is commonly called a blood thinner, but the more correct term is anticoagulant. It helps to keep blood flowing smoothly in your body by decreasing the amount of certain substances (clotting proteins) in your blood.

Xarelto

Generic Formulation: RivaroxabanSpecialty: Physician Assistant
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 31
30-Day Fills 73.5
Days Supply 2,181
MI State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims41.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills80.8
Peer Average Days Supply2,339
Standard Average Utilization

This provider's prescribing patterns for this therapeutic formulation sit directly in line with standard baseline averages across MI. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $38,735.53 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$1,249.53

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$965.31

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

A morpholine and thiophene derivative that functions as a FACTOR XA INHIBITOR and is used in the treatment and prevention of DEEP-VEIN THROMBOSIS and PULMONARY EMBOLISM. It is also used for the prevention of STROKE and systemic embolization in patients with non-valvular ATRIAL FIBRILLATION, and for the prevention of atherothrombotic events in patients after an ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME.

Therapeutic Applications

Rivaroxaban is used to prevent blood clots from forming due to a certain irregular heartbeat (atrial fibrillation) or after hip or knee replacement surgery. It is also used to prevent blood clots from forming in high-risk patients with limited mobility during their hospital stay and after discharge. In addition, rivaroxaban is used to treat blood clots (such as in deep vein thrombosis-DVT or pulmonary embolus-PE) and to prevent the blood clots from forming again. Rivaroxaban may be used in children to prevent blood clots from forming after a certain heart surgery (Fontan procedure). Rivaroxaban is an anticoagulant that works by blocking certain clotting proteins in your blood.

Dataset Methodology & CMS Source Information

This analytical profile maps public infrastructure records sourced directly from official **Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS)** public data releases. The statistics above track documented pharmaceutical treatment trends assigned to beneficiaries specifically under federal public programs. Evaluating the prescriptive footprints of clinical practitioners like MS. LAUREN E. GROVES P.A.-C. provides transparency into local medical care patterns within Clinton Twp, MI.

Key Learning Objectives for this Profile:

  • Prescribing Frequencies: Track and evaluate the volume metrics of specific brand-name and generic medical formulas chosen by this provider over time.
  • Clinical Focus Areas: Identify how the provider distributes therapeutic selections across medical care options to gain insight into their true day-to-day **Physician Assistant** practice concentrations.
  • Program Cost Awareness: Review the calculated total systemic drug costs and raw transactional volumes linked to these orders to better anticipate network insurance coverage structures.
  • Patient-Centered Evaluation: Cross-reference localized regional care comparisons to align practitioner habits directly with your proactive health maintenance goals.

Data Scope Exclusion & Limitations: The data elements presented above explicitly reflect prescription orders processed for Medicare beneficiaries during the year 2023. This informational profile does not aggregate prescription data for individuals utilizing private commercial health plans, state Medicaid coverage, or self-pay options. However, because medical decision-making remains highly consistent across clinical settings, this public registry provides a reliable proxy for understanding the general prescribing preferences and pharmaceutical care approach used by this provider.