MS. JOYCE MESERVE PMHNP-BC
Prescription History 1235444530
Nurse Practitioner - Psychiatric/Mental Health in Las Vegas, NM

NPI Status: Active since August 11, 2010

Contact Information

3695 HOT SPRINGS BLVD
LAS VEGAS, NM
ZIP 87701
Phone: (505) 454-2348
Fax: (505) 454-2329

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Prescription History for Informed Healthcare Decisions

Explore the verified Medicare Part D prescription history, volume metrics, and calculated drug costs for MS. JOYCE MESERVE PMHNP-BC, an active Psychiatric/Mental Health specialist practicing in Las Vegas, NM. Our medical registry currently tracks 14 unique pharmaceutical formulations prescribed by this provider, representing an estimated volume of 202 documented patient claims. Among these therapy options, the most frequently utilized medication is Quetiapine Fumarate, which accounts for 22 claims alone.


Benztropine Mesylate

Generic Formulation: Benztropine MesylateSpecialty: Nurse Practitioner
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 16
30-Day Fills 16.0
Days Supply 441
NM State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims40.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills51.3
Peer Average Days Supply1,453
Highly Conservative Utilization

This provider demonstrates a highly selective approach to this formula, recording 60.0% less volume than the regional standard for practitioners inside NM. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $245.58 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$15.35

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$14.83

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

A centrally active muscarinic antagonist that has been used in the symptomatic treatment of PARKINSON DISEASE. Benztropine also inhibits the uptake of dopamine.

Therapeutic Applications

Benztropine is used to treat symptoms of Parkinson's disease or involuntary movements due to the side effects of certain psychiatric drugs (antipsychotics such as chlorpromazine/haloperidol). Benztropine belongs to a class of medication called anticholinergics that work by blocking a certain natural substance (acetylcholine). This helps decrease muscle stiffness, sweating, and the production of saliva, and helps improve walking ability in people with Parkinson's disease. Anticholinergics can stop severe muscle spasms of the back, neck, and eyes that are sometimes caused by psychiatric drugs. It can also decrease other side effects such as muscle stiffness/rigidity (extrapyramidal signs-EPS). It is not helpful in treating movement problems caused by tardive dyskinesia and may worsen them. Benztropine should not be used by children younger than 3 years.

Clonazepam

Generic Formulation: ClonazepamSpecialty: Nurse Practitioner
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 15
30-Day Fills 15.0
Days Supply 433
NM State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims42.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills45.2
Peer Average Days Supply1,283
Highly Conservative Utilization

This provider demonstrates a highly selective approach to this formula, recording 64.3% less volume than the regional standard for practitioners inside NM. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $221.07 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$14.74

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$8.50

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

An anticonvulsant used for several types of seizures, including myotonic or atonic seizures, photosensitive epilepsy, and absence seizures, although tolerance may develop. It is seldom effective in generalized tonic-clonic or partial seizures. The mechanism of action appears to involve the enhancement of GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID receptor responses.

Therapeutic Applications

Clonazepam is used to prevent and control seizures. This medication is known as an anticonvulsant or antiepileptic drug. It is also used to treat panic attacks. Clonazepam works by calming your brain and nerves. It belongs to a class of drugs called benzodiazepines.

Clozapine

Generic Formulation: ClozapineSpecialty: Nurse Practitioner
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 13
30-Day Fills 13.0
Days Supply 390
NM State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims46.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills46.4
Peer Average Days Supply1,168
Highly Conservative Utilization

This provider demonstrates a highly selective approach to this formula, recording 71.7% less volume than the regional standard for practitioners inside NM. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $774.76 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$59.60

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$86.90

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

A tricylic dibenzodiazepine, classified as an atypical antipsychotic agent. It binds several types of central nervous system receptors, and displays a unique pharmacological profile. Clozapine is a serotonin antagonist, with strong binding to 5-HT 2A/2C receptor subtype. It also displays strong affinity to several dopaminergic receptors, but shows only weak antagonism at the dopamine D2 receptor, a receptor commonly thought to modulate neuroleptic activity. Agranulocytosis is a major adverse effect associated with administration of this agent.

Therapeutic Applications

See also Warning section. This medication is used to treat certain mental/mood disorders (schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorders). Clozapine is a psychiatric medication (anti-psychotic type) that works by helping to restore the balance of certain natural substances (neurotransmitters) in the brain. Clozapine decreases hallucinations and helps prevent suicide in people who are likely to try to harm themselves. It helps you to think more clearly and positively about yourself, feel less nervous, and take part in everyday life.

Divalproex Sodium Er

Generic Formulation: Divalproex SodiumSpecialty: Nurse Practitioner
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 13
30-Day Fills 13.0
Days Supply 390
NM State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims31.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills43.5
Peer Average Days Supply1,258
Highly Conservative Utilization

This provider demonstrates a highly selective approach to this formula, recording 58.1% less volume than the regional standard for practitioners inside NM. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $580.88 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$44.68

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$98.19

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

A fatty acid with anticonvulsant and anti-manic properties that is used in the treatment of EPILEPSY and BIPOLAR DISORDER. The mechanisms of its therapeutic actions are not well understood. It may act by increasing GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID levels in the brain or by altering the properties of VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS.

Therapeutic Applications

This medication is used to treat seizure disorders, certain psychiatric conditions (manic phase of bipolar disorder), and to prevent migraine headaches. It works by restoring the balance of certain natural substances (neurotransmitters) in the brain.

Haloperidol

Generic Formulation: HaloperidolSpecialty: Nurse Practitioner
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 14
30-Day Fills 14.0
Days Supply 420
NM State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims25.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills28.9
Peer Average Days Supply783
Conservative Utilization

This provider writes prescriptions for this formulation 44.0% less frequently than the standard regional baseline metric for practitioners inside NM. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $383.58 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$27.40

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$33.16

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

A phenyl-piperidinyl-butyrophenone that is used primarily to treat SCHIZOPHRENIA and other PSYCHOSES. It is also used in schizoaffective disorder, DELUSIONAL DISORDERS, ballism, and TOURETTE SYNDROME (a drug of choice) and occasionally as adjunctive therapy in INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY and the chorea of HUNTINGTON DISEASE. It is a potent antiemetic and is used in the treatment of intractable HICCUPS. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p279)

Therapeutic Applications

Haloperidol is used to treat certain mental/mood disorders (such as schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorders). This medicine helps you to think more clearly, feel less nervous, and take part in everyday life. It can also help prevent suicide in people who are likely to harm themselves. It also reduces aggression and the desire to hurt others. It can decrease negative thoughts and hallucinations. Haloperidol can also be used to treat uncontrolled movements and outbursts of words/sounds related to Tourette's syndrome. Haloperidol is also used for severe behavior problems in hyperactive children when other treatments or medications have not worked. Haloperidol is a psychiatric medication (antipsychotic-type) that works by helping to restore the balance of certain natural substances in the brain (neurotransmitters).

Haloperidol Decanoate

Generic Formulation: Haloperidol DecanoateSpecialty: Nurse Practitioner
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 13
30-Day Fills 13.0
Days Supply 376
NM State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims26.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills27.2
Peer Average Days Supply706
Conservative Utilization

This provider writes prescriptions for this formulation 50.0% less frequently than the standard regional baseline metric for practitioners inside NM. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $880.97 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$67.77

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$53.96

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Therapeutic Applications

Haloperidol decanoate is used for long-term treatment of a certain mental/mood disorder (schizophrenia). It may be used in people who have trouble remembering to take medication every day. This medicine helps you to think more clearly, feel less nervous, and take part in everyday life. It can also prevent suicide in people who are likely to harm themselves. It also reduces aggression and the desire to hurt others. It can decrease negative thoughts and hallucinations. Haloperidol decanoate is a long-acting form of psychiatric medication (antipsychotic-type) that works by helping to restore the balance of certain natural substances (neurotransmitters) in the brain.

Lamotrigine

Generic Formulation: LamotrigineSpecialty: Nurse Practitioner
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 14
30-Day Fills 14.0
Days Supply 398
NM State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims46.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills74.4
Peer Average Days Supply2,190
Highly Conservative Utilization

This provider demonstrates a highly selective approach to this formula, recording 69.6% less volume than the regional standard for practitioners inside NM. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $89.16 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$6.37

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$19.03

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

A phenyltriazine compound, sodium and calcium channel blocker that is used for the treatment of SEIZURES and BIPOLAR DISORDER.

Therapeutic Applications

Lamotrigine is used alone or with other medications to prevent and control seizures. It may also be used to help prevent the extreme mood swings of bipolar disorder in adults. Lamotrigine is known as an anticonvulsant or antiepileptic drug. It is thought to work by restoring the balance of certain natural substances in the brain. This drug is not approved for use in children younger than 2 years due to an increased risk of side effects (such as infections).

Lorazepam

Generic Formulation: LorazepamSpecialty: Nurse Practitioner
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 12
30-Day Fills 12.0
Days Supply 339
NM State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims37.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills39.0
Peer Average Days Supply1,032
Highly Conservative Utilization

This provider demonstrates a highly selective approach to this formula, recording 67.6% less volume than the regional standard for practitioners inside NM. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $115.11 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$9.59

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$6.79

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

A benzodiazepine used as an anti-anxiety agent with few side effects. It also has hypnotic, anticonvulsant, and considerable sedative properties and has been proposed as a preanesthetic agent.

Therapeutic Applications

This medication is used to treat serious seizures that do not stop (status epilepticus). It is also used before surgeries or procedures to cause drowsiness, decrease anxiety, and cause forgetfulness about the procedure or surgery. Lorazepam belongs to a class of medications called benzodiazepines, which produce a calming effect on the brain and nerves (central nervous system). It is thought to work by increasing the effect of a certain natural chemical (GABA) in the brain.

Olanzapine

Generic Formulation: OlanzapineSpecialty: Nurse Practitioner
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 14
30-Day Fills 14.0
Days Supply 406
NM State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims38.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills48.3
Peer Average Days Supply1,381
Highly Conservative Utilization

This provider demonstrates a highly selective approach to this formula, recording 63.2% less volume than the regional standard for practitioners inside NM. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $1,642.47 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$117.32

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$44.25

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

A benzodiazepine derivative that binds SEROTONIN RECEPTORS; MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS; HISTAMINE H1 RECEPTORS; ADRENERGIC ALPHA-1 RECEPTORS; and DOPAMINE RECEPTORS. It is an antipsychotic agent used in the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA; BIPOLAR DISORDER; and MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER; it may also reduce nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing chemotherapy.

Therapeutic Applications

Olanzapine is used to treat certain mental/mood conditions (such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder). It may also be used in combination with other medication to treat depression. This medication can help to decrease hallucinations and help you to think more clearly and positively about yourself, feel less agitated, and take a more active part in everyday life. Olanzapine belongs to a class of drugs called atypical antipsychotics. It works by helping to restore the balance of certain natural substances in the brain. Talk to the doctor about the risks and benefits of treatment (especially when used by teenagers). See also Precautions section.

Paroxetine Hcl

Generic Formulation: Paroxetine HclSpecialty: Nurse Practitioner
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 13
30-Day Fills 13.0
Days Supply 390
NM State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims24.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills48.0
Peer Average Days Supply1,428
Conservative Utilization

This provider writes prescriptions for this formulation 45.8% less frequently than the standard regional baseline metric for practitioners inside NM. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $196.50 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$15.12

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$17.87

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Therapeutic Applications

Paroxetine is used to treat depression, panic attacks, anxiety disorders, and a severe form of premenstrual syndrome (premenstrual dysphoric disorder). It works by helping to restore the balance of a certain natural substance (serotonin) in the brain. Paroxetine is known as a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI). This medication may improve your mood, sleep, appetite, and energy level and may help restore your interest in daily living. It may decrease fear, anxiety, unwanted thoughts, and the number of panic attacks. Paroxetine may lessen premenstrual symptoms such as irritability, increased appetite, and depression.

Quetiapine Fumarate

Generic Formulation: Quetiapine FumarateSpecialty: Nurse Practitioner
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 22
30-Day Fills 22.0
Days Supply 635
NM State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims45.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills62.4
Peer Average Days Supply1,797
Highly Conservative Utilization

This provider demonstrates a highly selective approach to this formula, recording 51.1% less volume than the regional standard for practitioners inside NM. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $302.92 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$13.77

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$33.38

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

A dibenzothiazepine and ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENT that targets the SEROTONIN 5-HT2 RECEPTOR; HISTAMINE H1 RECEPTOR, adrenergic alpha1 and alpha2 receptors, as well as the DOPAMINE D1 RECEPTOR and DOPAMINE D2 RECEPTOR. It is used in the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA; BIPOLAR DISORDER and DEPRESSIVE DISORDER.

Therapeutic Applications

This medication is used to treat certain mental/mood conditions (such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, sudden episodes of mania or depression associated with bipolar disorder). Quetiapine is known as an anti-psychotic drug (atypical type). It works by helping to restore the balance of certain natural substances (neurotransmitters) in the brain. This medication can decrease hallucinations and improve your concentration. It helps you to think more clearly and positively about yourself, feel less nervous, and take a more active part in everyday life. It may also improve your mood, sleep, appetite, and energy level. Quetiapine can help prevent severe mood swings or decrease how often mood swings occur.

Risperidone

Generic Formulation: RisperidoneSpecialty: Nurse Practitioner
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 11
30-Day Fills 11.0
Days Supply 281
NM State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims42.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills52.6
Peer Average Days Supply1,508
Highly Conservative Utilization

This provider demonstrates a highly selective approach to this formula, recording 73.8% less volume than the regional standard for practitioners inside NM. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $142.97 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$13.00

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$16.46

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

A selective blocker of DOPAMINE D2 RECEPTORS and SEROTONIN 5-HT2 RECEPTORS that acts as an atypical antipsychotic agent. It has been shown to improve both positive and negative symptoms in the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA.

Therapeutic Applications

Risperidone is used to treat a certain mental/mood disorder called schizophrenia. This medication can decrease hallucinations, help you to think more clearly and positively about yourself, feel less agitated, and take a more active part in everyday life. Risperidone is an antipsychotic drug (atypical type). It works by helping to restore the balance of certain natural substances in the brain.

Sertraline Hcl

Generic Formulation: Sertraline HclSpecialty: Nurse Practitioner
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 16
30-Day Fills 16.0
Days Supply 460
NM State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims48.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills93.8
Peer Average Days Supply2,781
Highly Conservative Utilization

This provider demonstrates a highly selective approach to this formula, recording 66.7% less volume than the regional standard for practitioners inside NM. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $115.13 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$7.20

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$13.53

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Therapeutic Applications

Sertraline is used to treat depression, panic attacks, obsessive compulsive disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, social anxiety disorder (social phobia), and a severe form of premenstrual syndrome (premenstrual dysphoric disorder). This medication may improve your mood, sleep, appetite, and energy level and may help restore your interest in daily living. It may decrease fear, anxiety, unwanted thoughts, and the number of panic attacks. It may also reduce the urge to perform repeated tasks (compulsions such as hand-washing, counting, and checking) that interfere with daily living. Sertraline is known as a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI). It works by helping to restore the balance of a certain natural substance (serotonin) in the brain.

Trazodone Hcl

Generic Formulation: Trazodone HclSpecialty: Nurse Practitioner
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 16
30-Day Fills 16.0
Days Supply 449
NM State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims57.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills101.8
Peer Average Days Supply3,005
Highly Conservative Utilization

This provider demonstrates a highly selective approach to this formula, recording 71.9% less volume than the regional standard for practitioners inside NM. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $102.06 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$6.38

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$14.58

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Therapeutic Applications

This medication is used to treat depression. It may help to improve your mood, appetite, and energy level as well as decrease anxiety and insomnia related to depression. Trazodone works by helping to restore the balance of a certain natural chemical (serotonin) in the brain.

Dataset Methodology & CMS Source Information

This analytical profile maps public infrastructure records sourced directly from official **Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS)** public data releases. The statistics above track documented pharmaceutical treatment trends assigned to beneficiaries specifically under federal public programs. Evaluating the prescriptive footprints of clinical practitioners like MS. JOYCE MESERVE PMHNP-BC provides transparency into local medical care patterns within Las Vegas, NM.

Key Learning Objectives for this Profile:

  • Prescribing Frequencies: Track and evaluate the volume metrics of specific brand-name and generic medical formulas chosen by this provider over time.
  • Clinical Focus Areas: Identify how the provider distributes therapeutic selections across medical care options to gain insight into their true day-to-day **Psychiatric/Mental Health** practice concentrations.
  • Program Cost Awareness: Review the calculated total systemic drug costs and raw transactional volumes linked to these orders to better anticipate network insurance coverage structures.
  • Patient-Centered Evaluation: Cross-reference localized regional care comparisons to align practitioner habits directly with your proactive health maintenance goals.

Data Scope Exclusion & Limitations: The data elements presented above explicitly reflect prescription orders processed for Medicare beneficiaries during the year 2023. This informational profile does not aggregate prescription data for individuals utilizing private commercial health plans, state Medicaid coverage, or self-pay options. However, because medical decision-making remains highly consistent across clinical settings, this public registry provides a reliable proxy for understanding the general prescribing preferences and pharmaceutical care approach used by this provider.