DR. ALICIA LEANDRA OLOWU D.O.
Prescription History 1164873113
Family Medicine in Middletown, NY

NPI Status: Active since June 30, 2016

Contact Information

707 E MAIN ST
MIDDLETOWN, NY
ZIP 10940
Phone: (845) 333-7575
Fax: (845) 333-7139

Get Directions

Prescription History for Informed Healthcare Decisions

Explore the verified Medicare Part D prescription history, volume metrics, and calculated drug costs for DR. ALICIA LEANDRA OLOWU D.O., an active Family Medicine specialist practicing in Middletown, NY. Our medical registry currently tracks 29 unique pharmaceutical formulations prescribed by this provider, representing an estimated volume of 801 documented patient claims. Among these therapy options, the most frequently utilized medication is Atorvastatin Calcium, which accounts for 126 claims alone.


Albuterol Sulfate Hfa

Generic Formulation: Albuterol SulfateSpecialty: Family Practice
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 30
30-Day Fills 31.4
Days Supply 872
NY State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims66.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills79.4
Peer Average Days Supply2,056
Highly Conservative Utilization

This provider demonstrates a highly selective approach to this formula, recording 54.5% less volume than the regional standard for practitioners inside NY. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $848.10 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$28.27

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$47.16

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

A short-acting beta-2 adrenergic agonist that is primarily used as a bronchodilator agent to treat ASTHMA. Albuterol is prepared as a racemic mixture of R(-) and S(+) stereoisomers. The stereospecific preparation of R(-) isomer of albuterol is referred to as levalbuterol.

Therapeutic Applications

Albuterol (also known as salbutamol) is used to treat wheezing and shortness of breath caused by breathing problems such as asthma. It is a quick-relief medication. Albuterol belongs to a class of drugs known as bronchodilators. It works by relaxing the muscles around the airways so that they open up and you can breathe more easily. Controlling symptoms of breathing problems can decrease time lost from work or school.

Amlodipine Besylate

Generic Formulation: Amlodipine BesylateSpecialty: Family Practice
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 57
30-Day Fills 169.7
Days Supply 5,090
NY State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims145.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills322.8
Peer Average Days Supply9,568
Highly Conservative Utilization

This provider demonstrates a highly selective approach to this formula, recording 60.7% less volume than the regional standard for practitioners inside NY. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $697.95 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$12.24

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$7.83

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

A long-acting dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker. It is effective in the treatment of ANGINA PECTORIS and HYPERTENSION.

Therapeutic Applications

Amlodipine is used with or without other medications to treat high blood pressure. Lowering high blood pressure helps prevent strokes, heart attacks, and kidney problems. Amlodipine belongs to a class of drugs known as calcium channel blockers. It works by relaxing blood vessels so blood can flow more easily. Amlodipine is also used to prevent certain types of chest pain (angina). It may help to increase your ability to exercise and decrease the frequency of angina attacks. It should not be used to treat attacks of chest pain when they occur. Use other medications (such as sublingual nitroglycerin) to relieve attacks of chest pain as directed by your doctor.

Atorvastatin Calcium

Generic Formulation: Atorvastatin CalciumSpecialty: Family Practice
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 126
30-Day Fills 347.0
Days Supply 10,410
NY State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims180.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills416.3
Peer Average Days Supply12,348
Conservative Utilization

This provider writes prescriptions for this formulation 30.0% less frequently than the standard regional baseline metric for practitioners inside NY. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $1,885.20 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$14.96

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$13.12

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

A pyrrole and heptanoic acid derivative, HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL-COA REDUCTASE INHIBITOR (statin), and ANTICHOLESTEREMIC AGENT that is used to reduce serum levels of LDL-CHOLESTEROL; APOLIPOPROTEIN B; and TRIGLYCERIDES. It is used to increase serum levels of HDL-CHOLESTEROL in the treatment of HYPERLIPIDEMIAS, and for the prevention of CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES in patients with multiple risk factors.

Therapeutic Applications

Atorvastatin is used along with a proper diet to help lower bad cholesterol and fats (such as LDL, triglycerides) and raise good cholesterol (HDL) in the blood. It belongs to a group of drugs known as statins. It works by reducing the amount of cholesterol made by the liver. Lowering bad cholesterol and triglycerides and raising good cholesterol decreases the risk of heart disease and helps prevent strokes and heart attacks. In addition to eating a proper diet (such as a low-cholesterol/low-fat diet), other lifestyle changes that may help this medication work better include exercising, losing weight if overweight, and stopping smoking. Consult your doctor for more details.

Baclofen

Generic Formulation: BaclofenSpecialty: Family Practice
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 13
30-Day Fills 16.3
Days Supply 460
NY State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims39.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills48.4
Peer Average Days Supply1,320
Highly Conservative Utilization

This provider demonstrates a highly selective approach to this formula, recording 66.7% less volume than the regional standard for practitioners inside NY. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $218.14 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$16.78

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$28.94

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

A GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID derivative that is a specific agonist of GABA-B RECEPTORS. It is used in the treatment of MUSCLE SPASTICITY, especially that due to SPINAL CORD INJURIES. Its therapeutic effects result from actions at spinal and supraspinal sites, generally the reduction of excitatory transmission.

Therapeutic Applications

Baclofen is used to treat muscle spasms caused by certain conditions (such as multiple sclerosis, spinal cord injury/disease). It works by helping to relax the muscles.

Buprenorphine-Naloxone

Generic Formulation: Buprenorphine Hcl/Naloxone HclSpecialty: Family Practice
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 31
30-Day Fills 31.0
Days Supply 912
NY State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims49.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills49.6
Peer Average Days Supply1,192
Conservative Utilization

This provider writes prescriptions for this formulation 36.7% less frequently than the standard regional baseline metric for practitioners inside NY. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $4,361.06 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$140.68

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$212.78

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Therapeutic Applications

This medication contains 2 medicines: buprenorphine and naloxone. It is used to treat opioid dependence/addiction. Buprenorphine belongs to a class of drugs called mixed opioid agonist-antagonists. Buprenorphine helps prevent withdrawal symptoms caused by stopping other opioids. Naloxone is an opioid antagonist that blocks the effect of opioids and can cause severe opioid withdrawal when injected. It has little effect when taken by mouth or dissolved under the tongue. It is combined with buprenorphine to prevent abuse and misuse (injection) of this medication. This combination medication is used as part of a complete treatment program for drug abuse (such as compliance monitoring, counseling, behavioral contract, lifestyle changes). Ask your doctor or pharmacist if you should have other forms of naloxone available to treat opioid overdose. Teach your family or household members about the signs of an opioid overdose and how to treat it.

Carvedilol

Generic Formulation: CarvedilolSpecialty: Family Practice
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 15
30-Day Fills 32.8
Days Supply 985
NY State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims53.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills112.7
Peer Average Days Supply3,321
Highly Conservative Utilization

This provider demonstrates a highly selective approach to this formula, recording 71.7% less volume than the regional standard for practitioners inside NY. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $219.70 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$14.65

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$12.27

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

A carbazole and propanol derivative that acts as a non-cardioselective beta blocker and vasodilator. It has blocking activity for ALPHA 1 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS and, at higher doses, may function as a blocker of CALCIUM CHANNELS; it also has antioxidant properties. Carvedilol is used in the treatment of HYPERTENSION; ANGINA PECTORIS; and HEART FAILURE. It can also reduce the risk of death following MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.

Therapeutic Applications

Carvedilol is used to treat high blood pressure and heart failure. It is also used after a heart attack to improve the chance of survival if your heart is not pumping well. Lowering high blood pressure helps prevent strokes, heart attacks, and kidney problems. This drug works by blocking the action of certain natural substances in your body, such as epinephrine, on the heart and blood vessels. This effect lowers your heart rate, blood pressure, and strain on your heart. Carvedilol belongs to a class of drugs known as alpha and beta blockers.

Citalopram Hbr

Generic Formulation: Citalopram HydrobromideSpecialty: Family Practice
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 11
30-Day Fills 29.0
Days Supply 870
NY State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims37.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills64.2
Peer Average Days Supply1,867
Highly Conservative Utilization

This provider demonstrates a highly selective approach to this formula, recording 70.3% less volume than the regional standard for practitioners inside NY. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $409.32 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$37.21

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$7.78

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

A furancarbonitrile that is one of the SELECTIVE SEROTONIN REUPTAKE INHIBITORS used as an antidepressant. The drug is also effective in reducing ethanol uptake in alcoholics and is used in depressed patients who also suffer from TARDIVE DYSKINESIA in preference to tricyclic antidepressants, which aggravate dyskinesia.

Therapeutic Applications

Citalopram is used to treat depression. It may improve your energy level and feelings of well-being. Citalopram is known as a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI). This medication works by helping to restore the balance of a certain natural substance (serotonin) in the brain.

Clonazepam

Generic Formulation: ClonazepamSpecialty: Family Practice
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 16
30-Day Fills 16.0
Days Supply 376
NY State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims51.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills53.3
Peer Average Days Supply1,511
Highly Conservative Utilization

This provider demonstrates a highly selective approach to this formula, recording 68.6% less volume than the regional standard for practitioners inside NY. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $293.76 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$18.36

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$10.30

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

An anticonvulsant used for several types of seizures, including myotonic or atonic seizures, photosensitive epilepsy, and absence seizures, although tolerance may develop. It is seldom effective in generalized tonic-clonic or partial seizures. The mechanism of action appears to involve the enhancement of GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID receptor responses.

Therapeutic Applications

Clonazepam is used to prevent and control seizures. This medication is known as an anticonvulsant or antiepileptic drug. It is also used to treat panic attacks. Clonazepam works by calming your brain and nerves. It belongs to a class of drugs called benzodiazepines.

Diclofenac Sodium

Generic Formulation: Diclofenac SodiumSpecialty: Family Practice
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 16
30-Day Fills 16.0
Days Supply 381
NY State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims49.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills55.8
Peer Average Days Supply1,433
Highly Conservative Utilization

This provider demonstrates a highly selective approach to this formula, recording 67.3% less volume than the regional standard for practitioners inside NY. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $239.87 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$14.99

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$89.15

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) with antipyretic and analgesic actions. It is primarily available as the sodium salt.

Therapeutic Applications

See also Warning section. This medication is used to relieve joint pain from arthritis. Diclofenac belongs to a class of drugs known as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). If you are treating a chronic condition such as arthritis, ask your doctor about non-drug treatments and/or using other medications to treat your pain.

Duloxetine Hcl

Generic Formulation: Duloxetine HclSpecialty: Family Practice
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 14
30-Day Fills 36.0
Days Supply 1,080
NY State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims45.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills74.3
Peer Average Days Supply2,170
Highly Conservative Utilization

This provider demonstrates a highly selective approach to this formula, recording 68.9% less volume than the regional standard for practitioners inside NY. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $632.75 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$45.20

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$46.11

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

A thiophene derivative and selective NEUROTRANSMITTER UPTAKE INHIBITOR for SEROTONIN and NORADRENALINE (SNRI). It is an ANTIDEPRESSIVE AGENT and ANXIOLYTIC, and is also used for the treatment of pain in patients with DIABETES MELLITUS and FIBROMYALGIA.

Therapeutic Applications

Duloxetine is used to treat depression and anxiety. In addition, duloxetine is used to help relieve nerve pain (peripheral neuropathy) in people with diabetes or ongoing pain due to medical conditions such as arthritis, chronic back pain, or fibromyalgia (a condition that causes widespread pain). Duloxetine may improve your mood, sleep, appetite, and energy level, and decrease nervousness. It can also decrease pain due to certain medical conditions. Duloxetine is known as a serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI). This medication works by helping to restore the balance of certain natural substances (serotonin and norepinephrine) in the brain.

Fluticasone Propionate

Generic Formulation: Fluticasone PropionateSpecialty: Family Practice
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 11
30-Day Fills 21.0
Days Supply 630
NY State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims57.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills83.9
Peer Average Days Supply2,506
Highly Conservative Utilization

This provider demonstrates a highly selective approach to this formula, recording 80.7% less volume than the regional standard for practitioners inside NY. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $103.49 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$9.41

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$15.88

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

A STEROID with GLUCOCORTICOID RECEPTOR activity that is used to manage the symptoms of ASTHMA; ALLERGIC RHINITIS, and ATOPIC DERMATITIS.

Therapeutic Applications

Fluticasone is used to control and prevent symptoms (such as wheezing and shortness of breath) caused by asthma. Controlling symptoms of asthma helps you maintain your normal activities and decreases time lost from work or school. Fluticasone belongs to a class of drugs known as corticosteroids. It works by reducing swelling (inflammation) of the airways in the lungs to make breathing easier. This medication must be used regularly to be effective. It does not work right away and should not be used to relieve sudden asthma attacks. If an asthma attack occurs, use your quick-relief inhaler (such as albuterol, also called salbutamol in some countries) as prescribed.

Gabapentin

Generic Formulation: GabapentinSpecialty: Family Practice
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 33
30-Day Fills 39.0
Days Supply 1,130
NY State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims78.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills113.9
Peer Average Days Supply3,301
Highly Conservative Utilization

This provider demonstrates a highly selective approach to this formula, recording 57.7% less volume than the regional standard for practitioners inside NY. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $613.26 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$18.58

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$17.62

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

A cyclohexane-gamma-aminobutyric acid derivative that is used for the treatment of PARTIAL SEIZURES; NEURALGIA; and RESTLESS LEGS SYNDROME.

Therapeutic Applications

Gabapentin is used with other medications to prevent and control seizures. It is also used to relieve nerve pain following shingles (a painful rash due to herpes zoster infection) in adults. Gabapentin is known as an anticonvulsant or antiepileptic drug.

Hydrochlorothiazide

Generic Formulation: HydrochlorothiazideSpecialty: Family Practice
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 49
30-Day Fills 97.3
Days Supply 2,920
NY State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims70.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills168.3
Peer Average Days Supply5,025
Conservative Utilization

This provider writes prescriptions for this formulation 30.0% less frequently than the standard regional baseline metric for practitioners inside NY. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $218.89 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$4.47

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$5.66

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

A thiazide diuretic often considered the prototypical member of this class. It reduces the reabsorption of electrolytes from the renal tubules. This results in increased excretion of water and electrolytes, including sodium, potassium, chloride, and magnesium. It is used in the treatment of several disorders including edema, hypertension, diabetes insipidus, and hypoparathyroidism.

Therapeutic Applications

This medication is used to treat high blood pressure. Lowering high blood pressure helps prevent strokes, heart attacks, and kidney problems. Hydrochlorothiazide belongs to a class of drugs known as diuretics/water pills. It works by causing you to make more urine. This helps your body get rid of extra salt and water. This medication also reduces extra fluid in the body (edema) caused by conditions such as heart failure, liver disease, or kidney disease. This can lessen symptoms such as shortness of breath or swelling in your ankles or feet.

Levothyroxine Sodium

Generic Formulation: Levothyroxine SodiumSpecialty: Family Practice
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 50
30-Day Fills 114.0
Days Supply 3,420
NY State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims129.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills277.6
Peer Average Days Supply8,147
Highly Conservative Utilization

This provider demonstrates a highly selective approach to this formula, recording 61.2% less volume than the regional standard for practitioners inside NY. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $871.20 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$17.42

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$18.60

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

The major hormone derived from the thyroid gland. Thyroxine is synthesized via the iodination of tyrosines (MONOIODOTYROSINE) and the coupling of iodotyrosines (DIIODOTYROSINE) in the THYROGLOBULIN. Thyroxine is released from thyroglobulin by proteolysis and secreted into the blood. Thyroxine is peripherally deiodinated to form TRIIODOTHYRONINE which exerts a broad spectrum of stimulatory effects on cell metabolism.

Therapeutic Applications

Levothyroxine is used to treat an underactive thyroid (hypothyroidism). It replaces or provides more thyroid hormone, which is normally produced by the thyroid gland. Low thyroid hormone levels can occur naturally or when the thyroid gland is injured by radiation/medications or removed by surgery. Having enough thyroid hormone is important for maintaining normal mental and physical activity. In children, having enough thyroid hormone is important for normal mental and physical development. This medication is also used to treat other types of thyroid disorders (such as thyroid cancer). This medication should not be used to treat infertility unless it is caused by low thyroid hormone levels.

Lisinopril

Generic Formulation: LisinoprilSpecialty: Family Practice
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 65
30-Day Fills 162.0
Days Supply 4,860
NY State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims91.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills211.8
Peer Average Days Supply6,283
Conservative Utilization

This provider writes prescriptions for this formulation 28.6% less frequently than the standard regional baseline metric for practitioners inside NY. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $562.21 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$8.65

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$7.67

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

One of the ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS (ACE inhibitors), orally active, that has been used in the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure.

Therapeutic Applications

Lisinopril is used to treat high blood pressure. Lowering high blood pressure helps prevent strokes, heart attacks, and kidney problems. It is also used to treat heart failure and to improve survival after a heart attack. Lisinopril belongs to a class of drugs known as ACE inhibitors. It works by relaxing blood vessels so blood can flow more easily.

Losartan Potassium

Generic Formulation: Losartan PotassiumSpecialty: Family Practice
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 31
30-Day Fills 83.1
Days Supply 2,494
NY State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims106.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills244.3
Peer Average Days Supply7,274
Highly Conservative Utilization

This provider demonstrates a highly selective approach to this formula, recording 70.8% less volume than the regional standard for practitioners inside NY. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $383.92 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$12.38

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$11.17

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

An antagonist of ANGIOTENSIN TYPE 1 RECEPTOR with antihypertensive activity due to the reduced pressor effect of ANGIOTENSIN II.

Therapeutic Applications

Losartan is used to treat high blood pressure (hypertension) and to help protect the kidneys from damage due to diabetes. It is also used to lower the risk of strokes in patients with high blood pressure and an enlarged heart. Lowering high blood pressure helps prevent strokes, heart attacks, and kidney problems. Losartan belongs to a class of drugs called angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs). It works by relaxing blood vessels so that blood can flow more easily.

Metformin Hcl

Generic Formulation: Metformin HclSpecialty: Family Practice
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 41
30-Day Fills 106.2
Days Supply 3,186
NY State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims96.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills208.5
Peer Average Days Supply6,179
Highly Conservative Utilization

This provider demonstrates a highly selective approach to this formula, recording 57.3% less volume than the regional standard for practitioners inside NY. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $616.12 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$15.03

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$8.89

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

A biguanide hypoglycemic agent used in the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus not responding to dietary modification. Metformin improves glycemic control by improving insulin sensitivity and decreasing intestinal absorption of glucose. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p289)

Therapeutic Applications

Metformin is used with a proper diet and exercise program and possibly with other medications to control high blood sugar. It is used in patients with type 2 diabetes. Controlling high blood sugar helps prevent kidney damage, blindness, nerve problems, loss of limbs, and sexual function problems. Proper control of diabetes may also lessen your risk of a heart attack or stroke. Metformin works by helping to restore your body's proper response to the insulin you naturally produce. It also decreases the amount of sugar that your liver makes and that your stomach/intestines absorb.

Metformin Hcl Er

Generic Formulation: Metformin HclSpecialty: Family Practice
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 12
30-Day Fills 30.0
Days Supply 898
NY State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims53.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills124.7
Peer Average Days Supply3,719
Highly Conservative Utilization

This provider demonstrates a highly selective approach to this formula, recording 77.4% less volume than the regional standard for practitioners inside NY. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $73.84 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$6.15

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$11.60

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

A biguanide hypoglycemic agent used in the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus not responding to dietary modification. Metformin improves glycemic control by improving insulin sensitivity and decreasing intestinal absorption of glucose. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p289)

Therapeutic Applications

Metformin is used with a proper diet and exercise program and possibly with other medications to control high blood sugar. It is used in patients with type 2 diabetes. Controlling high blood sugar helps prevent kidney damage, blindness, nerve problems, loss of limbs, and sexual function problems. Proper control of diabetes may also lessen your risk of a heart attack or stroke. Metformin works by helping to restore your body's proper response to the insulin you naturally produce. It also decreases the amount of sugar that your liver makes and that your stomach/intestines absorb.

Metoprolol Succinate

Generic Formulation: Metoprolol SuccinateSpecialty: Family Practice
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 18
30-Day Fills 34.0
Days Supply 1,020
NY State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims118.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills269.4
Peer Average Days Supply7,996
Highly Conservative Utilization

This provider demonstrates a highly selective approach to this formula, recording 84.7% less volume than the regional standard for practitioners inside NY. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $413.33 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$22.96

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$20.40

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

A selective adrenergic beta-1 blocking agent that is commonly used to treat ANGINA PECTORIS; HYPERTENSION; and CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS.

Therapeutic Applications

This medication is a beta-blocker used to treat chest pain (angina), heart failure, and high blood pressure. Lowering high blood pressure helps prevent strokes, heart attacks, and kidney problems. This drug works by blocking the action of certain natural chemicals in your body (such as epinephrine) that affect the heart and blood vessels. This lowers heart rate, blood pressure, and strain on the heart.

Omeprazole

Generic Formulation: OmeprazoleSpecialty: Family Practice
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 26
30-Day Fills 70.7
Days Supply 2,120
NY State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims96.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills191.0
Peer Average Days Supply5,662
Highly Conservative Utilization

This provider demonstrates a highly selective approach to this formula, recording 72.9% less volume than the regional standard for practitioners inside NY. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $252.36 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$9.71

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$12.73

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

A 4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridyl, 5-methoxybenzimidazole derivative of timoprazole that is used in the therapy of STOMACH ULCERS and ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME. The drug inhibits an H(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE which is found in GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS.

Therapeutic Applications

Omeprazole is used to treat certain stomach and esophagus problems (such as acid reflux, ulcers). It works by decreasing the amount of acid your stomach makes. It relieves symptoms such as heartburn, difficulty swallowing, and cough. This medication helps heal acid damage to the stomach and esophagus, helps prevent ulcers, and may help prevent cancer of the esophagus. Omeprazole belongs to a class of drugs known as proton pump inhibitors (PPIs). If you are self-treating with this medication, over-the-counter omeprazole products are used to treat frequent heartburn (occurring 2 or more days a week). Since it may take 1 to 4 days to have full effect, these products do not relieve heartburn right away. For over-the-counter products, carefully read the package instructions to make sure the product is right for you. Check the ingredients on the label even if you have used the product before. The manufacturer may have changed the ingredients. Also, products with similar brand names may contain different ingredients meant for different purposes. Taking the wrong product could harm you.

Pantoprazole Sodium

Generic Formulation: Pantoprazole SodiumSpecialty: Family Practice
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 20
30-Day Fills 56.0
Days Supply 1,665
NY State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims66.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills125.2
Peer Average Days Supply3,670
Highly Conservative Utilization

This provider demonstrates a highly selective approach to this formula, recording 69.7% less volume than the regional standard for practitioners inside NY. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $208.92 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$10.45

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$17.75

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

2-pyridinylmethylsulfinylbenzimidazole proton pump inhibitor that is used in the treatment of GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX and PEPTIC ULCER.

Therapeutic Applications

Pantoprazole is used to treat certain stomach and esophagus problems (such as acid reflux). It works by decreasing the amount of acid your stomach makes. This medication relieves symptoms such as heartburn, difficulty swallowing, and cough. It helps heal acid damage to the stomach and esophagus, helps prevent ulcers, and may help prevent cancer of the esophagus. Pantoprazole belongs to a class of drugs known as proton pump inhibitors (PPIs).

Paroxetine Hcl

Generic Formulation: Paroxetine HclSpecialty: Family Practice
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 11
30-Day Fills 33.0
Days Supply 990
NY State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims28.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills49.5
Peer Average Days Supply1,458
Highly Conservative Utilization

This provider demonstrates a highly selective approach to this formula, recording 60.7% less volume than the regional standard for practitioners inside NY. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $145.63 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$13.24

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$14.01

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Therapeutic Applications

Paroxetine is used to treat depression, panic attacks, anxiety disorders, and a severe form of premenstrual syndrome (premenstrual dysphoric disorder). It works by helping to restore the balance of a certain natural substance (serotonin) in the brain. Paroxetine is known as a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI). This medication may improve your mood, sleep, appetite, and energy level and may help restore your interest in daily living. It may decrease fear, anxiety, unwanted thoughts, and the number of panic attacks. Paroxetine may lessen premenstrual symptoms such as irritability, increased appetite, and depression.

Pravastatin Sodium

Generic Formulation: Pravastatin SodiumSpecialty: Family Practice
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 14
30-Day Fills 40.0
Days Supply 1,200
NY State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims45.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills108.7
Peer Average Days Supply3,234
Highly Conservative Utilization

This provider demonstrates a highly selective approach to this formula, recording 68.9% less volume than the regional standard for practitioners inside NY. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $280.14 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$20.01

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$17.97

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

An antilipemic fungal metabolite isolated from cultures of Nocardia autotrophica. It acts as a competitive inhibitor of HMG CoA reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES).

Therapeutic Applications

Pravastatin is used along with a proper diet to help lower bad cholesterol and fats (such as LDL, triglycerides) and raise good cholesterol (HDL) in the blood. It belongs to a group of drugs known as statins. It works by reducing the amount of cholesterol made by the liver. Lowering bad cholesterol and triglycerides and raising good cholesterol decreases the risk of heart disease and helps prevent strokes and heart attacks. In addition to eating a proper diet (such as a low-cholesterol/low-fat diet), other lifestyle changes that may help this medication work better include exercising, losing weight if overweight, and stopping smoking. Consult your doctor for more details.

Rosuvastatin Calcium

Generic Formulation: Rosuvastatin CalciumSpecialty: Family Practice
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 13
30-Day Fills 29.0
Days Supply 870
NY State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims101.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills245.8
Peer Average Days Supply7,341
Highly Conservative Utilization

This provider demonstrates a highly selective approach to this formula, recording 87.1% less volume than the regional standard for practitioners inside NY. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $120.98 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$9.31

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$29.09

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

A HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL-COA-REDUCTASE INHIBITOR, or statin, that reduces the plasma concentrations of LDL-CHOLESTEROL; APOLIPOPROTEIN B, and TRIGLYCERIDES while increasing HDL-CHOLESTEROL levels in patients with HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA and those at risk for CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES.

Therapeutic Applications

Rosuvastatin is used along with a proper diet to help lower bad cholesterol and fats (such as LDL, triglycerides) and raise good cholesterol (HDL) in the blood. It belongs to a group of drugs known as statins. It works by reducing the amount of cholesterol made by the liver. Lowering bad cholesterol and triglycerides and raising good cholesterol decreases the risk of heart disease and helps to prevent strokes and heart attacks. In addition to eating a proper diet (such as a low cholesterol/low-fat diet), other lifestyle changes that may help this medication work better include exercising, losing weight if overweight, and stopping smoking. Talk with your doctor for more details.

Simvastatin

Generic Formulation: SimvastatinSpecialty: Family Practice
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 24
30-Day Fills 71.3
Days Supply 2,140
NY State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims83.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills195.6
Peer Average Days Supply5,815
Highly Conservative Utilization

This provider demonstrates a highly selective approach to this formula, recording 71.1% less volume than the regional standard for practitioners inside NY. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $392.99 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$16.37

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$9.15

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

A derivative of LOVASTATIN and potent competitive inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES), which is the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. It may also interfere with steroid hormone production. Due to the induction of hepatic LDL RECEPTORS, it increases breakdown of LDL CHOLESTEROL.

Therapeutic Applications

Simvastatin is used along with a proper diet to help lower bad cholesterol and fats (such as LDL, triglycerides) and raise good cholesterol (HDL) in the blood. It belongs to a group of drugs known as statins. It works by reducing the amount of cholesterol made by the liver. Lowering bad cholesterol and triglycerides and raising good cholesterol decreases the risk of heart disease and helps prevent strokes and heart attacks. In addition to eating a proper diet (such as a low-cholesterol/low-fat diet), other lifestyle changes that may help this medication work better include exercising, losing weight if overweight, and stopping smoking. Consult your doctor for more details.

Symbicort

Generic Formulation: Budesonide/Formoterol FumarateSpecialty: Family Practice
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 12
30-Day Fills 12.0
Days Supply 360
NY State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims36.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills49.7
Peer Average Days Supply1,490
Highly Conservative Utilization

This provider demonstrates a highly selective approach to this formula, recording 66.7% less volume than the regional standard for practitioners inside NY. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $5,085.39 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$423.78

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$516.71

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

A pharmaceutical preparation of budesonide and formoterol fumarate that is used as an ANTI-ASTHMATIC AGENT and for the treatment of CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE.

Therapeutic Applications

This product is used to control and prevent symptoms (wheezing and shortness of breath) caused by asthma or ongoing lung disease (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease-COPD, which includes chronic bronchitis and emphysema). It contains 2 medications: budesonide and formoterol. Budesonide belongs to a class of drugs known as corticosteroids. It works by reducing the irritation and swelling of the airways. Formoterol belongs to the class of drugs known as long-acting beta agonists. It works by relaxing the muscles around the airways so that they open up and you can breathe more easily. Controlling symptoms of breathing problems can decrease time lost from work or school. When used alone, long-acting beta agonists (such as formoterol) may rarely increase the risk of serious (sometimes fatal) asthma-related breathing problems. However, combination inhaled corticosteroid and long-acting beta agonists, such as this product, do not increase the risk of serious asthma-related breathing problems. Before using this medication, it is important to learn how to use it properly. If an asthma attack occurs, use your quick-relief inhaler (such as albuterol, also called salbutamol in some countries) as prescribed. See also How to Use section.

Tamsulosin Hcl

Generic Formulation: Tamsulosin HclSpecialty: Family Practice
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 14
30-Day Fills 34.0
Days Supply 1,020
NY State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims92.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills183.8
Peer Average Days Supply5,404
Highly Conservative Utilization

This provider demonstrates a highly selective approach to this formula, recording 84.8% less volume than the regional standard for practitioners inside NY. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $174.21 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$12.44

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$19.45

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Therapeutic Applications

Tamsulosin is used by men to treat the symptoms of an enlarged prostate (benign prostatic hyperplasia-BPH). It does not shrink the prostate, but it works by relaxing the muscles in the prostate and the bladder. This helps to relieve symptoms of BPH such as difficulty in beginning the flow of urine, weak stream, and the need to urinate often or urgently (including during the middle of the night). Tamsulosin belongs to a class of drugs known as alpha blockers. Do not use this medication to treat high blood pressure.

Trazodone Hcl

Generic Formulation: Trazodone HclSpecialty: Family Practice
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 13
30-Day Fills 25.0
Days Supply 750
NY State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims54.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills78.7
Peer Average Days Supply2,290
Highly Conservative Utilization

This provider demonstrates a highly selective approach to this formula, recording 75.9% less volume than the regional standard for practitioners inside NY. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $47.10 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$3.62

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$10.71

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Therapeutic Applications

This medication is used to treat depression. It may help to improve your mood, appetite, and energy level as well as decrease anxiety and insomnia related to depression. Trazodone works by helping to restore the balance of a certain natural chemical (serotonin) in the brain.

Zolpidem Tartrate

Generic Formulation: Zolpidem TartrateSpecialty: Family Practice
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 15
30-Day Fills 15.0
Days Supply 434
NY State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims52.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills52.9
Peer Average Days Supply1,555
Highly Conservative Utilization

This provider demonstrates a highly selective approach to this formula, recording 71.2% less volume than the regional standard for practitioners inside NY. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $94.18 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$6.28

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$7.53

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

An imidazopyridine derivative and short-acting GABA-A receptor agonist that is used for the treatment of INSOMNIA.

Therapeutic Applications

Zolpidem is used for a short time to treat a certain sleep problem (insomnia) in adults. If you have trouble falling asleep, it helps you fall asleep faster, so you can get a better night's rest. Zolpidem belongs to a class of drugs called sedative-hypnotics. It acts on your brain to produce a calming effect.

Dataset Methodology & CMS Source Information

This analytical profile maps public infrastructure records sourced directly from official **Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS)** public data releases. The statistics above track documented pharmaceutical treatment trends assigned to beneficiaries specifically under federal public programs. Evaluating the prescriptive footprints of clinical practitioners like DR. ALICIA LEANDRA OLOWU D.O. provides transparency into local medical care patterns within Middletown, NY.

Key Learning Objectives for this Profile:

  • Prescribing Frequencies: Track and evaluate the volume metrics of specific brand-name and generic medical formulas chosen by this provider over time.
  • Clinical Focus Areas: Identify how the provider distributes therapeutic selections across medical care options to gain insight into their true day-to-day **Family Medicine** practice concentrations.
  • Program Cost Awareness: Review the calculated total systemic drug costs and raw transactional volumes linked to these orders to better anticipate network insurance coverage structures.
  • Patient-Centered Evaluation: Cross-reference localized regional care comparisons to align practitioner habits directly with your proactive health maintenance goals.

Data Scope Exclusion & Limitations: The data elements presented above explicitly reflect prescription orders processed for Medicare beneficiaries during the year 2023. This informational profile does not aggregate prescription data for individuals utilizing private commercial health plans, state Medicaid coverage, or self-pay options. However, because medical decision-making remains highly consistent across clinical settings, this public registry provides a reliable proxy for understanding the general prescribing preferences and pharmaceutical care approach used by this provider.