JOSEPH RICHARD-MULLIGAN WILLE DO
Prescription History 1073134839
Family Medicine in Clare, MI

NPI Status: Active since May 04, 2020

Contact Information

602 BEECH ST STE 3100
CLARE, MI
ZIP 48617
Phone: (989) 802-5091
Fax: (989) 802-5083

Get Directions

Prescription History for Informed Healthcare Decisions

Explore the verified Medicare Part D prescription history, volume metrics, and calculated drug costs for JOSEPH RICHARD-MULLIGAN WILLE DO, an active Family Medicine specialist practicing in Clare, MI. Our medical registry currently tracks 30 unique pharmaceutical formulations prescribed by this provider, representing an estimated volume of 674 documented patient claims. Among these therapy options, the most frequently utilized medication is Atorvastatin Calcium, which accounts for 84 claims alone.


Albuterol Sulfate Hfa

Generic Formulation: Albuterol SulfateSpecialty: Family Practice
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 29
30-Day Fills 29.3
Days Supply 667
MI State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims58.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills71.6
Peer Average Days Supply1,834
Conservative Utilization

This provider writes prescriptions for this formulation 50.0% less frequently than the standard regional baseline metric for practitioners inside MI. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $972.49 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$33.53

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$51.92

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

A short-acting beta-2 adrenergic agonist that is primarily used as a bronchodilator agent to treat ASTHMA. Albuterol is prepared as a racemic mixture of R(-) and S(+) stereoisomers. The stereospecific preparation of R(-) isomer of albuterol is referred to as levalbuterol.

Therapeutic Applications

Albuterol (also known as salbutamol) is used to treat wheezing and shortness of breath caused by breathing problems such as asthma. It is a quick-relief medication. Albuterol belongs to a class of drugs known as bronchodilators. It works by relaxing the muscles around the airways so that they open up and you can breathe more easily. Controlling symptoms of breathing problems can decrease time lost from work or school.

Alendronate Sodium

Generic Formulation: Alendronate SodiumSpecialty: Family Practice
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 11
30-Day Fills 20.9
Days Supply 616
MI State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims39.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills87.7
Peer Average Days Supply2,600
Highly Conservative Utilization

This provider demonstrates a highly selective approach to this formula, recording 71.8% less volume than the regional standard for practitioners inside MI. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $88.78 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$8.07

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$12.02

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

A nonhormonal medication for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis in women. This drug builds healthy bone, restoring some of the bone loss as a result of osteoporosis.

Therapeutic Applications

Alendronate is used to prevent and treat certain types of bone loss (osteoporosis) in adults. Osteoporosis causes bones to become thinner and break more easily. Your chance of developing osteoporosis increases as you age, after menopause, or if you are taking corticosteroid medications (such as prednisone) for a long time. This medication works by slowing bone loss. This effect helps maintain strong bones and reduce the risk of broken bones (fractures). Alendronate belongs to a class of drugs called bisphosphonates.

Amitriptyline Hcl

Generic Formulation: Amitriptyline HclSpecialty: Family Practice
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 12
30-Day Fills 29.0
Days Supply 870
MI State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims26.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills48.6
Peer Average Days Supply1,444
Highly Conservative Utilization

This provider demonstrates a highly selective approach to this formula, recording 53.8% less volume than the regional standard for practitioners inside MI. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $472.74 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$39.40

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$22.84

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Therapeutic Applications

This medication is used to treat mental/mood problems such as depression. It may help improve mood and feelings of well-being, relieve anxiety and tension, help you sleep better, and increase your energy level. This medication belongs to a class of medications called tricyclic antidepressants. It works by affecting the balance of certain natural chemicals (neurotransmitters such as serotonin) in the brain.

Amlodipine Besylate

Generic Formulation: Amlodipine BesylateSpecialty: Family Practice
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 37
30-Day Fills 101.0
Days Supply 3,004
MI State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims130.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills307.7
Peer Average Days Supply9,167
Highly Conservative Utilization

This provider demonstrates a highly selective approach to this formula, recording 71.5% less volume than the regional standard for practitioners inside MI. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $297.75 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$8.05

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$8.17

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

A long-acting dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker. It is effective in the treatment of ANGINA PECTORIS and HYPERTENSION.

Therapeutic Applications

Amlodipine is used with or without other medications to treat high blood pressure. Lowering high blood pressure helps prevent strokes, heart attacks, and kidney problems. Amlodipine belongs to a class of drugs known as calcium channel blockers. It works by relaxing blood vessels so blood can flow more easily. Amlodipine is also used to prevent certain types of chest pain (angina). It may help to increase your ability to exercise and decrease the frequency of angina attacks. It should not be used to treat attacks of chest pain when they occur. Use other medications (such as sublingual nitroglycerin) to relieve attacks of chest pain as directed by your doctor.

Atorvastatin Calcium

Generic Formulation: Atorvastatin CalciumSpecialty: Family Practice
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 84
30-Day Fills 216.0
Days Supply 6,469
MI State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims182.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills441.0
Peer Average Days Supply13,142
Highly Conservative Utilization

This provider demonstrates a highly selective approach to this formula, recording 53.8% less volume than the regional standard for practitioners inside MI. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $1,736.31 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$20.67

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$15.97

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

A pyrrole and heptanoic acid derivative, HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL-COA REDUCTASE INHIBITOR (statin), and ANTICHOLESTEREMIC AGENT that is used to reduce serum levels of LDL-CHOLESTEROL; APOLIPOPROTEIN B; and TRIGLYCERIDES. It is used to increase serum levels of HDL-CHOLESTEROL in the treatment of HYPERLIPIDEMIAS, and for the prevention of CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES in patients with multiple risk factors.

Therapeutic Applications

Atorvastatin is used along with a proper diet to help lower bad cholesterol and fats (such as LDL, triglycerides) and raise good cholesterol (HDL) in the blood. It belongs to a group of drugs known as statins. It works by reducing the amount of cholesterol made by the liver. Lowering bad cholesterol and triglycerides and raising good cholesterol decreases the risk of heart disease and helps prevent strokes and heart attacks. In addition to eating a proper diet (such as a low-cholesterol/low-fat diet), other lifestyle changes that may help this medication work better include exercising, losing weight if overweight, and stopping smoking. Consult your doctor for more details.

Cyclobenzaprine Hcl

Generic Formulation: Cyclobenzaprine HclSpecialty: Family Practice
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 11
30-Day Fills 15.0
Days Supply 343
MI State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims37.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills46.0
Peer Average Days Supply1,201
Highly Conservative Utilization

This provider demonstrates a highly selective approach to this formula, recording 70.3% less volume than the regional standard for practitioners inside MI. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $22.74 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$2.07

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$13.22

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Therapeutic Applications

Cyclobenzaprine is used short-term to treat muscle spasms. It is usually used along with rest and physical therapy. It works by helping to relax the muscles. This medication is not recommended for use in older adults because they may be at greater risk for side effects while using this drug. Ask the doctor or pharmacist for details.

Dicyclomine Hcl

Generic Formulation: Dicyclomine HclSpecialty: Family Practice
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 12
30-Day Fills 12.0
Days Supply 360
MI State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims26.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills36.3
Peer Average Days Supply974
Highly Conservative Utilization

This provider demonstrates a highly selective approach to this formula, recording 53.8% less volume than the regional standard for practitioners inside MI. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $344.70 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$28.73

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$25.40

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Duloxetine Hcl

Generic Formulation: Duloxetine HclSpecialty: Family Practice
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 19
30-Day Fills 48.0
Days Supply 1,440
MI State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims50.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills93.6
Peer Average Days Supply2,765
Highly Conservative Utilization

This provider demonstrates a highly selective approach to this formula, recording 62.0% less volume than the regional standard for practitioners inside MI. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $495.95 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$26.10

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$46.83

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

A thiophene derivative and selective NEUROTRANSMITTER UPTAKE INHIBITOR for SEROTONIN and NORADRENALINE (SNRI). It is an ANTIDEPRESSIVE AGENT and ANXIOLYTIC, and is also used for the treatment of pain in patients with DIABETES MELLITUS and FIBROMYALGIA.

Therapeutic Applications

Duloxetine is used to treat depression and anxiety. In addition, duloxetine is used to help relieve nerve pain (peripheral neuropathy) in people with diabetes or ongoing pain due to medical conditions such as arthritis, chronic back pain, or fibromyalgia (a condition that causes widespread pain). Duloxetine may improve your mood, sleep, appetite, and energy level, and decrease nervousness. It can also decrease pain due to certain medical conditions. Duloxetine is known as a serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI). This medication works by helping to restore the balance of certain natural substances (serotonin and norepinephrine) in the brain.

Famotidine

Generic Formulation: FamotidineSpecialty: Family Practice
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 12
30-Day Fills 34.5
Days Supply 1,035
MI State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims30.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills30.3
Peer Average Days Supply144
Highly Conservative Utilization

This provider demonstrates a highly selective approach to this formula, recording 60.0% less volume than the regional standard for practitioners inside MI. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $212.43 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$17.70

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$10.23

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

A competitive histamine H2-receptor antagonist. Its main pharmacodynamic effect is the inhibition of gastric secretion.

Therapeutic Applications

Famotidine is used to treat ulcers of the stomach and intestines and to prevent intestinal ulcers from coming back after they have healed. This medication is also used to treat certain stomach and throat (esophagus) problems (such as erosive esophagitis, gastroesophageal reflux disease-GERD, Zollinger-Ellison syndrome). It works by decreasing the amount of acid your stomach makes. It relieves symptoms such as cough that doesn't go away, stomach pain, heartburn, and difficulty swallowing. Famotidine belongs to a class of drugs known as H2 blockers. This medication is also available without a prescription. It is used to prevent and treat heartburn and other symptoms caused by too much acid in the stomach (acid indigestion). If you are taking this medication for self-treatment, it is important to read the manufacturer's package instructions carefully so you know when to consult your doctor or pharmacist.

Fluticasone Propionate

Generic Formulation: Fluticasone PropionateSpecialty: Family Practice
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 27
30-Day Fills 54.0
Days Supply 1,620
MI State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims50.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills83.5
Peer Average Days Supply2,490
Conservative Utilization

This provider writes prescriptions for this formulation 46.0% less frequently than the standard regional baseline metric for practitioners inside MI. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $502.84 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$18.62

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$19.40

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

A STEROID with GLUCOCORTICOID RECEPTOR activity that is used to manage the symptoms of ASTHMA; ALLERGIC RHINITIS, and ATOPIC DERMATITIS.

Therapeutic Applications

Fluticasone is used to control and prevent symptoms (such as wheezing and shortness of breath) caused by asthma. Controlling symptoms of asthma helps you maintain your normal activities and decreases time lost from work or school. Fluticasone belongs to a class of drugs known as corticosteroids. It works by reducing swelling (inflammation) of the airways in the lungs to make breathing easier. This medication must be used regularly to be effective. It does not work right away and should not be used to relieve sudden asthma attacks. If an asthma attack occurs, use your quick-relief inhaler (such as albuterol, also called salbutamol in some countries) as prescribed.

Gabapentin

Generic Formulation: GabapentinSpecialty: Family Practice
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 25
30-Day Fills 34.5
Days Supply 1,035
MI State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims87.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills124.3
Peer Average Days Supply3,567
Highly Conservative Utilization

This provider demonstrates a highly selective approach to this formula, recording 71.3% less volume than the regional standard for practitioners inside MI. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $325.98 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$13.04

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$20.33

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

A cyclohexane-gamma-aminobutyric acid derivative that is used for the treatment of PARTIAL SEIZURES; NEURALGIA; and RESTLESS LEGS SYNDROME.

Therapeutic Applications

Gabapentin is used with other medications to prevent and control seizures. It is also used to relieve nerve pain following shingles (a painful rash due to herpes zoster infection) in adults. Gabapentin is known as an anticonvulsant or antiepileptic drug.

Glipizide Er

Generic Formulation: GlipizideSpecialty: Family Practice
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 11
30-Day Fills 33.0
Days Supply 990
MI State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims32.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills77.4
Peer Average Days Supply2,310
Highly Conservative Utilization

This provider demonstrates a highly selective approach to this formula, recording 65.6% less volume than the regional standard for practitioners inside MI. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $271.90 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$24.72

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$25.00

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

An oral hypoglycemic agent which is rapidly absorbed and completely metabolized.

Therapeutic Applications

Glipizide is used with a proper diet and exercise program to control high blood sugar in people with type 2 diabetes. It may also be used with other diabetes medications. Controlling high blood sugar helps prevent kidney damage, blindness, nerve problems, loss of limbs, and sexual function problems. Proper control of diabetes may also lessen your risk of a heart attack or stroke. Glipizide belongs to the class of drugs known as sulfonylureas. It lowers blood sugar by causing the release of your body's natural insulin.

Hydrochlorothiazide

Generic Formulation: HydrochlorothiazideSpecialty: Family Practice
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 18
30-Day Fills 40.0
Days Supply 1,200
MI State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims69.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills171.2
Peer Average Days Supply5,118
Highly Conservative Utilization

This provider demonstrates a highly selective approach to this formula, recording 73.9% less volume than the regional standard for practitioners inside MI. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $162.52 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$9.03

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$5.71

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

A thiazide diuretic often considered the prototypical member of this class. It reduces the reabsorption of electrolytes from the renal tubules. This results in increased excretion of water and electrolytes, including sodium, potassium, chloride, and magnesium. It is used in the treatment of several disorders including edema, hypertension, diabetes insipidus, and hypoparathyroidism.

Therapeutic Applications

This medication is used to treat high blood pressure. Lowering high blood pressure helps prevent strokes, heart attacks, and kidney problems. Hydrochlorothiazide belongs to a class of drugs known as diuretics/water pills. It works by causing you to make more urine. This helps your body get rid of extra salt and water. This medication also reduces extra fluid in the body (edema) caused by conditions such as heart failure, liver disease, or kidney disease. This can lessen symptoms such as shortness of breath or swelling in your ankles or feet.

Hydrocodone-Acetaminophen

Generic Formulation: Hydrocodone/AcetaminophenSpecialty: Family Practice
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 15
30-Day Fills 15.0
Days Supply 277
MI State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims94.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills95.2
Peer Average Days Supply2,065
Highly Conservative Utilization

This provider demonstrates a highly selective approach to this formula, recording 84.0% less volume than the regional standard for practitioners inside MI. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $132.83 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$8.86

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$19.98

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Therapeutic Applications

This combination medication is used to relieve moderate to severe pain. It contains an opioid pain reliever (hydrocodone) and a non-opioid pain reliever (acetaminophen). Hydrocodone works in the brain to change how your body feels and responds to pain. Acetaminophen can also reduce a fever.

Jardiance

Generic Formulation: EmpagliflozinSpecialty: Family Practice
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 12
30-Day Fills 36.0
Days Supply 1,080
MI State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims38.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills72.1
Peer Average Days Supply2,133
Highly Conservative Utilization

This provider demonstrates a highly selective approach to this formula, recording 68.4% less volume than the regional standard for practitioners inside MI. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $20,559.06 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$1,713.26

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$1,053.35

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Therapeutic Applications

Empagliflozin is used with a proper diet and exercise program to control high blood sugar in people with type 2 diabetes. Controlling high blood sugar helps prevent kidney damage, blindness, nerve problems, loss of limbs, and sexual function problems. Empagliflozin is also used in patients with type 2 diabetes and heart disease to lower the risk of death from heart attack or stroke. Empagliflozin works by increasing the removal of sugar by your kidneys. Empagliflozin is also used to treat heart failure. It may help you live longer and lower your risk of going to the hospital for heart failure. Empagliflozin works by increasing the removal of sodium by your kidneys.

Levothyroxine Sodium

Generic Formulation: Levothyroxine SodiumSpecialty: Family Practice
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 39
30-Day Fills 102.6
Days Supply 3,076
MI State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims139.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills324.7
Peer Average Days Supply9,624
Highly Conservative Utilization

This provider demonstrates a highly selective approach to this formula, recording 71.9% less volume than the regional standard for practitioners inside MI. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $722.94 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$18.54

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$18.37

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

The major hormone derived from the thyroid gland. Thyroxine is synthesized via the iodination of tyrosines (MONOIODOTYROSINE) and the coupling of iodotyrosines (DIIODOTYROSINE) in the THYROGLOBULIN. Thyroxine is released from thyroglobulin by proteolysis and secreted into the blood. Thyroxine is peripherally deiodinated to form TRIIODOTHYRONINE which exerts a broad spectrum of stimulatory effects on cell metabolism.

Therapeutic Applications

Levothyroxine is used to treat an underactive thyroid (hypothyroidism). It replaces or provides more thyroid hormone, which is normally produced by the thyroid gland. Low thyroid hormone levels can occur naturally or when the thyroid gland is injured by radiation/medications or removed by surgery. Having enough thyroid hormone is important for maintaining normal mental and physical activity. In children, having enough thyroid hormone is important for normal mental and physical development. This medication is also used to treat other types of thyroid disorders (such as thyroid cancer). This medication should not be used to treat infertility unless it is caused by low thyroid hormone levels.

Lisinopril

Generic Formulation: LisinoprilSpecialty: Family Practice
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 59
30-Day Fills 155.5
Days Supply 4,639
MI State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims125.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills305.7
Peer Average Days Supply9,117
Highly Conservative Utilization

This provider demonstrates a highly selective approach to this formula, recording 52.8% less volume than the regional standard for practitioners inside MI. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $841.89 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$14.27

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$9.00

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

One of the ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS (ACE inhibitors), orally active, that has been used in the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure.

Therapeutic Applications

Lisinopril is used to treat high blood pressure. Lowering high blood pressure helps prevent strokes, heart attacks, and kidney problems. It is also used to treat heart failure and to improve survival after a heart attack. Lisinopril belongs to a class of drugs known as ACE inhibitors. It works by relaxing blood vessels so blood can flow more easily.

Losartan Potassium

Generic Formulation: Losartan PotassiumSpecialty: Family Practice
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 37
30-Day Fills 109.0
Days Supply 3,270
MI State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims106.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills262.3
Peer Average Days Supply7,829
Highly Conservative Utilization

This provider demonstrates a highly selective approach to this formula, recording 65.1% less volume than the regional standard for practitioners inside MI. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $649.90 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$17.56

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$16.32

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

An antagonist of ANGIOTENSIN TYPE 1 RECEPTOR with antihypertensive activity due to the reduced pressor effect of ANGIOTENSIN II.

Therapeutic Applications

Losartan is used to treat high blood pressure (hypertension) and to help protect the kidneys from damage due to diabetes. It is also used to lower the risk of strokes in patients with high blood pressure and an enlarged heart. Lowering high blood pressure helps prevent strokes, heart attacks, and kidney problems. Losartan belongs to a class of drugs called angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs). It works by relaxing blood vessels so that blood can flow more easily.

Meloxicam

Generic Formulation: MeloxicamSpecialty: Family Practice
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 12
30-Day Fills 34.9
Days Supply 1,046
MI State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims46.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills82.7
Peer Average Days Supply2,445
Highly Conservative Utilization

This provider demonstrates a highly selective approach to this formula, recording 73.9% less volume than the regional standard for practitioners inside MI. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $266.47 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$22.21

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$6.44

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

A benzothiazine and thiazole derivative that acts as a NSAID and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor. It is used in the treatment of RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; OSTEOARTHRITIS; and ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS.

Therapeutic Applications

Meloxicam is used to help relieve moderate to severe pain. Meloxicam is known as a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). It works by blocking your body's production of certain natural substances that cause inflammation. This effect helps to decrease swelling or pain.

Metformin Hcl

Generic Formulation: Metformin HclSpecialty: Family Practice
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 27
30-Day Fills 77.0
Days Supply 2,308
MI State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims100.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills237.3
Peer Average Days Supply7,076
Highly Conservative Utilization

This provider demonstrates a highly selective approach to this formula, recording 73.0% less volume than the regional standard for practitioners inside MI. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $344.57 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$12.76

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$9.88

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

A biguanide hypoglycemic agent used in the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus not responding to dietary modification. Metformin improves glycemic control by improving insulin sensitivity and decreasing intestinal absorption of glucose. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p289)

Therapeutic Applications

Metformin is used with a proper diet and exercise program and possibly with other medications to control high blood sugar. It is used in patients with type 2 diabetes. Controlling high blood sugar helps prevent kidney damage, blindness, nerve problems, loss of limbs, and sexual function problems. Proper control of diabetes may also lessen your risk of a heart attack or stroke. Metformin works by helping to restore your body's proper response to the insulin you naturally produce. It also decreases the amount of sugar that your liver makes and that your stomach/intestines absorb.

Metoprolol Succinate

Generic Formulation: Metoprolol SuccinateSpecialty: Family Practice
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 20
30-Day Fills 58.0
Days Supply 1,740
MI State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims102.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills248.2
Peer Average Days Supply7,400
Highly Conservative Utilization

This provider demonstrates a highly selective approach to this formula, recording 80.4% less volume than the regional standard for practitioners inside MI. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $547.59 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$27.38

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$25.47

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

A selective adrenergic beta-1 blocking agent that is commonly used to treat ANGINA PECTORIS; HYPERTENSION; and CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS.

Therapeutic Applications

This medication is a beta-blocker used to treat chest pain (angina), heart failure, and high blood pressure. Lowering high blood pressure helps prevent strokes, heart attacks, and kidney problems. This drug works by blocking the action of certain natural chemicals in your body (such as epinephrine) that affect the heart and blood vessels. This lowers heart rate, blood pressure, and strain on the heart.

Omeprazole

Generic Formulation: OmeprazoleSpecialty: Family Practice
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 38
30-Day Fills 78.0
Days Supply 2,250
MI State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims105.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills234.4
Peer Average Days Supply6,980
Highly Conservative Utilization

This provider demonstrates a highly selective approach to this formula, recording 63.8% less volume than the regional standard for practitioners inside MI. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $509.70 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$13.41

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$15.60

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

A 4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridyl, 5-methoxybenzimidazole derivative of timoprazole that is used in the therapy of STOMACH ULCERS and ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME. The drug inhibits an H(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE which is found in GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS.

Therapeutic Applications

Omeprazole is used to treat certain stomach and esophagus problems (such as acid reflux, ulcers). It works by decreasing the amount of acid your stomach makes. It relieves symptoms such as heartburn, difficulty swallowing, and cough. This medication helps heal acid damage to the stomach and esophagus, helps prevent ulcers, and may help prevent cancer of the esophagus. Omeprazole belongs to a class of drugs known as proton pump inhibitors (PPIs). If you are self-treating with this medication, over-the-counter omeprazole products are used to treat frequent heartburn (occurring 2 or more days a week). Since it may take 1 to 4 days to have full effect, these products do not relieve heartburn right away. For over-the-counter products, carefully read the package instructions to make sure the product is right for you. Check the ingredients on the label even if you have used the product before. The manufacturer may have changed the ingredients. Also, products with similar brand names may contain different ingredients meant for different purposes. Taking the wrong product could harm you.

Pantoprazole Sodium

Generic Formulation: Pantoprazole SodiumSpecialty: Family Practice
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 15
30-Day Fills 35.0
Days Supply 1,042
MI State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims60.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills123.8
Peer Average Days Supply3,661
Highly Conservative Utilization

This provider demonstrates a highly selective approach to this formula, recording 75.0% less volume than the regional standard for practitioners inside MI. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $177.63 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$11.84

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$17.87

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

2-pyridinylmethylsulfinylbenzimidazole proton pump inhibitor that is used in the treatment of GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX and PEPTIC ULCER.

Therapeutic Applications

Pantoprazole is used to treat certain stomach and esophagus problems (such as acid reflux). It works by decreasing the amount of acid your stomach makes. This medication relieves symptoms such as heartburn, difficulty swallowing, and cough. It helps heal acid damage to the stomach and esophagus, helps prevent ulcers, and may help prevent cancer of the esophagus. Pantoprazole belongs to a class of drugs known as proton pump inhibitors (PPIs).

Potassium Chloride

Generic Formulation: Potassium ChlorideSpecialty: Family Practice
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 15
30-Day Fills 22.0
Days Supply 660
MI State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims58.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills113.2
Peer Average Days Supply3,297
Highly Conservative Utilization

This provider demonstrates a highly selective approach to this formula, recording 74.1% less volume than the regional standard for practitioners inside MI. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $210.28 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$14.02

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$32.36

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

A white crystal or crystalline powder used in BUFFERS; FERTILIZERS; and EXPLOSIVES. It can be used to replenish ELECTROLYTES and restore WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE in treating HYPOKALEMIA.

Therapeutic Applications

This medication is a mineral supplement used to treat or prevent low amounts of potassium in the blood. A normal level of potassium in the blood is important. Potassium helps your cells, kidneys, heart, muscles, and nerves work properly. Most people get enough potassium by eating a well-balanced diet. Some conditions that can lower your body's potassium level include severe prolonged diarrhea and vomiting, hormone problems such as hyperaldosteronism, or treatment with water pills/diuretics.

Rosuvastatin Calcium

Generic Formulation: Rosuvastatin CalciumSpecialty: Family Practice
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 15
30-Day Fills 45.0
Days Supply 1,350
MI State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims72.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills184.8
Peer Average Days Supply5,530
Highly Conservative Utilization

This provider demonstrates a highly selective approach to this formula, recording 79.2% less volume than the regional standard for practitioners inside MI. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $738.80 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$49.25

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$32.48

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

A HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL-COA-REDUCTASE INHIBITOR, or statin, that reduces the plasma concentrations of LDL-CHOLESTEROL; APOLIPOPROTEIN B, and TRIGLYCERIDES while increasing HDL-CHOLESTEROL levels in patients with HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA and those at risk for CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES.

Therapeutic Applications

Rosuvastatin is used along with a proper diet to help lower bad cholesterol and fats (such as LDL, triglycerides) and raise good cholesterol (HDL) in the blood. It belongs to a group of drugs known as statins. It works by reducing the amount of cholesterol made by the liver. Lowering bad cholesterol and triglycerides and raising good cholesterol decreases the risk of heart disease and helps to prevent strokes and heart attacks. In addition to eating a proper diet (such as a low cholesterol/low-fat diet), other lifestyle changes that may help this medication work better include exercising, losing weight if overweight, and stopping smoking. Talk with your doctor for more details.

Sertraline Hcl

Generic Formulation: Sertraline HclSpecialty: Family Practice
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 14
30-Day Fills 40.0
Days Supply 1,200
MI State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims60.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills115.5
Peer Average Days Supply3,399
Highly Conservative Utilization

This provider demonstrates a highly selective approach to this formula, recording 76.7% less volume than the regional standard for practitioners inside MI. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $264.51 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$18.89

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$12.70

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Therapeutic Applications

Sertraline is used to treat depression, panic attacks, obsessive compulsive disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, social anxiety disorder (social phobia), and a severe form of premenstrual syndrome (premenstrual dysphoric disorder). This medication may improve your mood, sleep, appetite, and energy level and may help restore your interest in daily living. It may decrease fear, anxiety, unwanted thoughts, and the number of panic attacks. It may also reduce the urge to perform repeated tasks (compulsions such as hand-washing, counting, and checking) that interfere with daily living. Sertraline is known as a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI). It works by helping to restore the balance of a certain natural substance (serotonin) in the brain.

Simvastatin

Generic Formulation: SimvastatinSpecialty: Family Practice
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 11
30-Day Fills 33.0
Days Supply 990
MI State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims86.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills217.2
Peer Average Days Supply6,495
Highly Conservative Utilization

This provider demonstrates a highly selective approach to this formula, recording 87.2% less volume than the regional standard for practitioners inside MI. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $315.61 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$28.69

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$13.65

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

A derivative of LOVASTATIN and potent competitive inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES), which is the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. It may also interfere with steroid hormone production. Due to the induction of hepatic LDL RECEPTORS, it increases breakdown of LDL CHOLESTEROL.

Therapeutic Applications

Simvastatin is used along with a proper diet to help lower bad cholesterol and fats (such as LDL, triglycerides) and raise good cholesterol (HDL) in the blood. It belongs to a group of drugs known as statins. It works by reducing the amount of cholesterol made by the liver. Lowering bad cholesterol and triglycerides and raising good cholesterol decreases the risk of heart disease and helps prevent strokes and heart attacks. In addition to eating a proper diet (such as a low-cholesterol/low-fat diet), other lifestyle changes that may help this medication work better include exercising, losing weight if overweight, and stopping smoking. Consult your doctor for more details.

Symbicort

Generic Formulation: Budesonide/Formoterol FumarateSpecialty: Family Practice
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 11
30-Day Fills 15.0
Days Supply 450
MI State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims33.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills50.0
Peer Average Days Supply1,499
Highly Conservative Utilization

This provider demonstrates a highly selective approach to this formula, recording 66.7% less volume than the regional standard for practitioners inside MI. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $5,823.52 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$529.41

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$548.59

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

A pharmaceutical preparation of budesonide and formoterol fumarate that is used as an ANTI-ASTHMATIC AGENT and for the treatment of CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE.

Therapeutic Applications

This product is used to control and prevent symptoms (wheezing and shortness of breath) caused by asthma or ongoing lung disease (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease-COPD, which includes chronic bronchitis and emphysema). It contains 2 medications: budesonide and formoterol. Budesonide belongs to a class of drugs known as corticosteroids. It works by reducing the irritation and swelling of the airways. Formoterol belongs to the class of drugs known as long-acting beta agonists. It works by relaxing the muscles around the airways so that they open up and you can breathe more easily. Controlling symptoms of breathing problems can decrease time lost from work or school. When used alone, long-acting beta agonists (such as formoterol) may rarely increase the risk of serious (sometimes fatal) asthma-related breathing problems. However, combination inhaled corticosteroid and long-acting beta agonists, such as this product, do not increase the risk of serious asthma-related breathing problems. Before using this medication, it is important to learn how to use it properly. If an asthma attack occurs, use your quick-relief inhaler (such as albuterol, also called salbutamol in some countries) as prescribed. See also How to Use section.

Trazodone Hcl

Generic Formulation: Trazodone HclSpecialty: Family Practice
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 15
30-Day Fills 30.0
Days Supply 900
MI State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims59.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills103.7
Peer Average Days Supply3,053
Highly Conservative Utilization

This provider demonstrates a highly selective approach to this formula, recording 74.6% less volume than the regional standard for practitioners inside MI. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $96.91 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$6.46

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$13.20

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Therapeutic Applications

This medication is used to treat depression. It may help to improve your mood, appetite, and energy level as well as decrease anxiety and insomnia related to depression. Trazodone works by helping to restore the balance of a certain natural chemical (serotonin) in the brain.

Trulicity

Generic Formulation: DulaglutideSpecialty: Family Practice
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 11
30-Day Fills 15.5
Days Supply 448
MI State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims44.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills67.1
Peer Average Days Supply1,941
Highly Conservative Utilization

This provider demonstrates a highly selective approach to this formula, recording 75.0% less volume than the regional standard for practitioners inside MI. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $14,458.35 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$1,314.40

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$1,371.09

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Therapeutic Applications

Dulaglutide is used with a proper diet and exercise program to control high blood sugar in people with type 2 diabetes. Controlling high blood sugar helps prevent kidney damage, blindness, nerve problems, loss of limbs, and sexual function problems. This medication is also used to lessen the risk of a major cardiovascular event (such as heart attack or stroke) in people who already have, or are at high risk for heart/blood vessel disease. Dulaglutide is similar to a natural hormone in your body (incretin). It works by causing insulin release in response to high blood sugar (such as after a meal) and by decreasing the amount of sugar your liver makes. Dulaglutide is not a substitute for insulin if you need insulin treatment.

Dataset Methodology & CMS Source Information

This analytical profile maps public infrastructure records sourced directly from official **Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS)** public data releases. The statistics above track documented pharmaceutical treatment trends assigned to beneficiaries specifically under federal public programs. Evaluating the prescriptive footprints of clinical practitioners like JOSEPH RICHARD-MULLIGAN WILLE DO provides transparency into local medical care patterns within Clare, MI.

Key Learning Objectives for this Profile:

  • Prescribing Frequencies: Track and evaluate the volume metrics of specific brand-name and generic medical formulas chosen by this provider over time.
  • Clinical Focus Areas: Identify how the provider distributes therapeutic selections across medical care options to gain insight into their true day-to-day **Family Medicine** practice concentrations.
  • Program Cost Awareness: Review the calculated total systemic drug costs and raw transactional volumes linked to these orders to better anticipate network insurance coverage structures.
  • Patient-Centered Evaluation: Cross-reference localized regional care comparisons to align practitioner habits directly with your proactive health maintenance goals.

Data Scope Exclusion & Limitations: The data elements presented above explicitly reflect prescription orders processed for Medicare beneficiaries during the year 2023. This informational profile does not aggregate prescription data for individuals utilizing private commercial health plans, state Medicaid coverage, or self-pay options. However, because medical decision-making remains highly consistent across clinical settings, this public registry provides a reliable proxy for understanding the general prescribing preferences and pharmaceutical care approach used by this provider.