KYLE DAVID JASPER PMHNP, MSN, RN
Prescription History 1962057281
Nurse Practitioner - Psychiatric/Mental Health in Roseville, CA

NPI Status: Active since August 04, 2019

Contact Information

11801 GO FOR BROKE RD
ROSEVILLE, CA
ZIP 95678
Phone: (916) 409-8261

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Prescription History for Informed Healthcare Decisions

Explore the verified Medicare Part D prescription history, volume metrics, and calculated drug costs for KYLE DAVID JASPER PMHNP, MSN, RN, an active Psychiatric/Mental Health specialist practicing in Roseville, CA. Our medical registry currently tracks 15 unique pharmaceutical formulations prescribed by this provider, representing an estimated volume of 506 documented patient claims. Among these therapy options, the most frequently utilized medication is Olanzapine, which accounts for 100 claims alone.


Benztropine Mesylate

Generic Formulation: Benztropine MesylateSpecialty: Nurse Practitioner
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 20
30-Day Fills 20.0
Days Supply 203
CA State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims58.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills66.2
Peer Average Days Supply1,794
Highly Conservative Utilization

This provider demonstrates a highly selective approach to this formula, recording 65.5% less volume than the regional standard for practitioners inside CA. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $71.84 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$3.59

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$13.53

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

A centrally active muscarinic antagonist that has been used in the symptomatic treatment of PARKINSON DISEASE. Benztropine also inhibits the uptake of dopamine.

Therapeutic Applications

Benztropine is used to treat symptoms of Parkinson's disease or involuntary movements due to the side effects of certain psychiatric drugs (antipsychotics such as chlorpromazine/haloperidol). Benztropine belongs to a class of medication called anticholinergics that work by blocking a certain natural substance (acetylcholine). This helps decrease muscle stiffness, sweating, and the production of saliva, and helps improve walking ability in people with Parkinson's disease. Anticholinergics can stop severe muscle spasms of the back, neck, and eyes that are sometimes caused by psychiatric drugs. It can also decrease other side effects such as muscle stiffness/rigidity (extrapyramidal signs-EPS). It is not helpful in treating movement problems caused by tardive dyskinesia and may worsen them. Benztropine should not be used by children younger than 3 years.

Bupropion Xl

Generic Formulation: Bupropion HclSpecialty: Nurse Practitioner
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 27
30-Day Fills 27.0
Days Supply 280
CA State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims35.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills67.9
Peer Average Days Supply2,016
Standard Average Utilization

This provider's prescribing patterns for this therapeutic formulation sit directly in line with standard baseline averages across CA. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $780.27 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$28.90

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$40.33

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Therapeutic Applications

Bupropion is used to treat depression. It can improve your mood and feelings of well-being. It may work by helping to restore the balance of certain natural chemicals (neurotransmitters) in your brain.

Buspirone Hcl

Generic Formulation: Buspirone HclSpecialty: Nurse Practitioner
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 22
30-Day Fills 22.0
Days Supply 278
CA State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims36.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills53.6
Peer Average Days Supply1,545
Conservative Utilization

This provider writes prescriptions for this formulation 38.9% less frequently than the standard regional baseline metric for practitioners inside CA. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $239.52 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$10.89

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$18.36

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Therapeutic Applications

This medication is used to treat anxiety. It may help you think more clearly, relax, worry less, and take part in everyday life. It may also help you to feel less jittery and irritable, and may control symptoms such as trouble sleeping, sweating, and pounding heartbeat. Buspirone is a medication for anxiety (anxiolytic) that works by affecting certain natural substances in the brain (neurotransmitters).

Clozapine

Generic Formulation: ClozapineSpecialty: Nurse Practitioner
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 24
30-Day Fills 24.0
Days Supply 252
CA State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims57.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills57.3
Peer Average Days Supply1,338
Highly Conservative Utilization

This provider demonstrates a highly selective approach to this formula, recording 57.9% less volume than the regional standard for practitioners inside CA. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $493.07 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$20.54

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$89.25

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

A tricylic dibenzodiazepine, classified as an atypical antipsychotic agent. It binds several types of central nervous system receptors, and displays a unique pharmacological profile. Clozapine is a serotonin antagonist, with strong binding to 5-HT 2A/2C receptor subtype. It also displays strong affinity to several dopaminergic receptors, but shows only weak antagonism at the dopamine D2 receptor, a receptor commonly thought to modulate neuroleptic activity. Agranulocytosis is a major adverse effect associated with administration of this agent.

Therapeutic Applications

See also Warning section. This medication is used to treat certain mental/mood disorders (schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorders). Clozapine is a psychiatric medication (anti-psychotic type) that works by helping to restore the balance of certain natural substances (neurotransmitters) in the brain. Clozapine decreases hallucinations and helps prevent suicide in people who are likely to try to harm themselves. It helps you to think more clearly and positively about yourself, feel less nervous, and take part in everyday life.

Divalproex Sodium

Generic Formulation: Divalproex SodiumSpecialty: Nurse Practitioner
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 70
30-Day Fills 70.0
Days Supply 978
CA State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims46.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills56.1
Peer Average Days Supply1,480
Highly Elevated Utilization

This provider exhibits a high preference for this treatment path, registering a volume 52.2% higher than the standard regional baseline profile for CA. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $1,714.87 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$24.50

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$45.51

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

A fatty acid with anticonvulsant and anti-manic properties that is used in the treatment of EPILEPSY and BIPOLAR DISORDER. The mechanisms of its therapeutic actions are not well understood. It may act by increasing GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID levels in the brain or by altering the properties of VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS.

Therapeutic Applications

This medication is used to treat seizure disorders, certain psychiatric conditions (manic phase of bipolar disorder), and to prevent migraine headaches. It works by restoring the balance of certain natural substances (neurotransmitters) in the brain.

Hydroxyzine Hcl

Generic Formulation: Hydroxyzine HclSpecialty: Nurse Practitioner
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 14
30-Day Fills 14.0
Days Supply 168
CA State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims26.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills33.4
Peer Average Days Supply876
Conservative Utilization

This provider writes prescriptions for this formulation 46.2% less frequently than the standard regional baseline metric for practitioners inside CA. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $279.94 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$20.00

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$17.88

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Therapeutic Applications

Hydroxyzine is used to treat itching caused by allergies. It is an antihistamine and works by blocking a certain natural substance (histamine) that your body makes during an allergic reaction. Hydroxyzine may also be used short-term to treat anxiety or to help you feel sleepy/relaxed before and after surgery.

Hydroxyzine Pamoate

Generic Formulation: Hydroxyzine PamoateSpecialty: Nurse Practitioner
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 17
30-Day Fills 17.0
Days Supply 161
CA State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims30.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills34.3
Peer Average Days Supply911
Conservative Utilization

This provider writes prescriptions for this formulation 43.3% less frequently than the standard regional baseline metric for practitioners inside CA. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $53.25 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$3.13

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$11.13

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

A histamine H1 receptor antagonist that is effective in the treatment of chronic urticaria, dermatitis, and histamine-mediated pruritus. Unlike its major metabolite CETIRIZINE, it does cause drowsiness. It is also effective as an antiemetic, for relief of anxiety and tension, and as a sedative.

Therapeutic Applications

Hydroxyzine is used to treat itching caused by allergies. It is an antihistamine and works by blocking a certain natural substance (histamine) that your body makes during an allergic reaction. Hydroxyzine may also be used short-term to treat anxiety or to help you feel sleepy/relaxed before and after surgery.

Invega Sustenna

Generic Formulation: Paliperidone PalmitateSpecialty: Nurse Practitioner
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 23
30-Day Fills 23.0
Days Supply 688
CA State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims39.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills39.7
Peer Average Days Supply1,105
Conservative Utilization

This provider writes prescriptions for this formulation 41.0% less frequently than the standard regional baseline metric for practitioners inside CA. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $74,315.32 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$3,231.10

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$2,873.52

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

A benzisoxazole derivative and active metabolite of RISPERIDONE that functions as a DOPAMINE D2 RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST and SEROTONIN 5-HT2 RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST. It is an ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENT used in the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA.

Therapeutic Applications

Paliperidone is used to treat a certain mental/mood disorder called schizophrenia. This medication can decrease hallucinations, help you to think more clearly and positively about yourself, feel less agitated, and take a more active part in everyday life. Paliperidone is an antipsychotic drug (atypical type). It works by helping to restore the balance of certain natural substances (neurotransmitters) in the brain. This long-acting form of paliperidone is used only after you have received treatment with either the monthly injectable form of this drug for at least 4 months, or the every-3-month injectable form for at least 3 months.

Lamotrigine

Generic Formulation: LamotrigineSpecialty: Nurse Practitioner
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 12
30-Day Fills 12.0
Days Supply 168
CA State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims41.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills67.5
Peer Average Days Supply1,973
Highly Conservative Utilization

This provider demonstrates a highly selective approach to this formula, recording 70.7% less volume than the regional standard for practitioners inside CA. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $58.65 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$4.89

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$17.04

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

A phenyltriazine compound, sodium and calcium channel blocker that is used for the treatment of SEIZURES and BIPOLAR DISORDER.

Therapeutic Applications

Lamotrigine is used alone or with other medications to prevent and control seizures. It may also be used to help prevent the extreme mood swings of bipolar disorder in adults. Lamotrigine is known as an anticonvulsant or antiepileptic drug. It is thought to work by restoring the balance of certain natural substances in the brain. This drug is not approved for use in children younger than 2 years due to an increased risk of side effects (such as infections).

Olanzapine

Generic Formulation: OlanzapineSpecialty: Nurse Practitioner
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 100
30-Day Fills 100.0
Days Supply 1,141
CA State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims54.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills64.7
Peer Average Days Supply1,766
Highly Elevated Utilization

This provider exhibits a high preference for this treatment path, registering a volume 85.2% higher than the standard regional baseline profile for CA. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $2,203.89 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$22.04

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$41.60

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

A benzodiazepine derivative that binds SEROTONIN RECEPTORS; MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS; HISTAMINE H1 RECEPTORS; ADRENERGIC ALPHA-1 RECEPTORS; and DOPAMINE RECEPTORS. It is an antipsychotic agent used in the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA; BIPOLAR DISORDER; and MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER; it may also reduce nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing chemotherapy.

Therapeutic Applications

Olanzapine is used to treat certain mental/mood conditions (such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder). It may also be used in combination with other medication to treat depression. This medication can help to decrease hallucinations and help you to think more clearly and positively about yourself, feel less agitated, and take a more active part in everyday life. Olanzapine belongs to a class of drugs called atypical antipsychotics. It works by helping to restore the balance of certain natural substances in the brain. Talk to the doctor about the risks and benefits of treatment (especially when used by teenagers). See also Precautions section.

Quetiapine Fumarate

Generic Formulation: Quetiapine FumarateSpecialty: Nurse Practitioner
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 45
30-Day Fills 45.0
Days Supply 579
CA State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims56.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills75.8
Peer Average Days Supply2,143
Standard Average Utilization

This provider's prescribing patterns for this therapeutic formulation sit directly in line with standard baseline averages across CA. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $1,012.63 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$22.50

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$39.99

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

A dibenzothiazepine and ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENT that targets the SEROTONIN 5-HT2 RECEPTOR; HISTAMINE H1 RECEPTOR, adrenergic alpha1 and alpha2 receptors, as well as the DOPAMINE D1 RECEPTOR and DOPAMINE D2 RECEPTOR. It is used in the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA; BIPOLAR DISORDER and DEPRESSIVE DISORDER.

Therapeutic Applications

This medication is used to treat certain mental/mood conditions (such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, sudden episodes of mania or depression associated with bipolar disorder). Quetiapine is known as an anti-psychotic drug (atypical type). It works by helping to restore the balance of certain natural substances (neurotransmitters) in the brain. This medication can decrease hallucinations and improve your concentration. It helps you to think more clearly and positively about yourself, feel less nervous, and take a more active part in everyday life. It may also improve your mood, sleep, appetite, and energy level. Quetiapine can help prevent severe mood swings or decrease how often mood swings occur.

Risperidone

Generic Formulation: RisperidoneSpecialty: Nurse Practitioner
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 66
30-Day Fills 66.0
Days Supply 988
CA State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims52.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills62.2
Peer Average Days Supply1,699
Elevated Utilization

This provider maintains an active emphasis on this therapeutic option, recording 26.9% more claims than the standard regional baseline profile for CA. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $794.54 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$12.04

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$15.57

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

A selective blocker of DOPAMINE D2 RECEPTORS and SEROTONIN 5-HT2 RECEPTORS that acts as an atypical antipsychotic agent. It has been shown to improve both positive and negative symptoms in the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA.

Therapeutic Applications

Risperidone is used to treat a certain mental/mood disorder called schizophrenia. This medication can decrease hallucinations, help you to think more clearly and positively about yourself, feel less agitated, and take a more active part in everyday life. Risperidone is an antipsychotic drug (atypical type). It works by helping to restore the balance of certain natural substances in the brain.

Sertraline Hcl

Generic Formulation: Sertraline HclSpecialty: Nurse Practitioner
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 24
30-Day Fills 24.0
Days Supply 313
CA State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims45.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills88.8
Peer Average Days Supply2,615
Conservative Utilization

This provider writes prescriptions for this formulation 46.7% less frequently than the standard regional baseline metric for practitioners inside CA. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $187.56 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$7.82

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$12.11

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Therapeutic Applications

Sertraline is used to treat depression, panic attacks, obsessive compulsive disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, social anxiety disorder (social phobia), and a severe form of premenstrual syndrome (premenstrual dysphoric disorder). This medication may improve your mood, sleep, appetite, and energy level and may help restore your interest in daily living. It may decrease fear, anxiety, unwanted thoughts, and the number of panic attacks. It may also reduce the urge to perform repeated tasks (compulsions such as hand-washing, counting, and checking) that interfere with daily living. Sertraline is known as a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI). It works by helping to restore the balance of a certain natural substance (serotonin) in the brain.

Trazodone Hcl

Generic Formulation: Trazodone HclSpecialty: Nurse Practitioner
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 26
30-Day Fills 26.0
Days Supply 357
CA State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims55.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills98.2
Peer Average Days Supply2,885
Highly Conservative Utilization

This provider demonstrates a highly selective approach to this formula, recording 52.7% less volume than the regional standard for practitioners inside CA. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $132.60 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$5.10

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$13.84

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Therapeutic Applications

This medication is used to treat depression. It may help to improve your mood, appetite, and energy level as well as decrease anxiety and insomnia related to depression. Trazodone works by helping to restore the balance of a certain natural chemical (serotonin) in the brain.

Valproic Acid

Generic Formulation: Valproic Acid (As Sodium Salt)Specialty: Nurse Practitioner
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 16
30-Day Fills 16.0
Days Supply 233
CA State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims17.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills18.4
Peer Average Days Supply454
Standard Average Utilization

This provider's prescribing patterns for this therapeutic formulation sit directly in line with standard baseline averages across CA. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $249.29 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$15.58

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$44.94

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

A fatty acid with anticonvulsant and anti-manic properties that is used in the treatment of EPILEPSY and BIPOLAR DISORDER. The mechanisms of its therapeutic actions are not well understood. It may act by increasing GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID levels in the brain or by altering the properties of VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS.

Dataset Methodology & CMS Source Information

This analytical profile maps public infrastructure records sourced directly from official **Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS)** public data releases. The statistics above track documented pharmaceutical treatment trends assigned to beneficiaries specifically under federal public programs. Evaluating the prescriptive footprints of clinical practitioners like KYLE DAVID JASPER PMHNP, MSN, RN provides transparency into local medical care patterns within Roseville, CA.

Key Learning Objectives for this Profile:

  • Prescribing Frequencies: Track and evaluate the volume metrics of specific brand-name and generic medical formulas chosen by this provider over time.
  • Clinical Focus Areas: Identify how the provider distributes therapeutic selections across medical care options to gain insight into their true day-to-day **Psychiatric/Mental Health** practice concentrations.
  • Program Cost Awareness: Review the calculated total systemic drug costs and raw transactional volumes linked to these orders to better anticipate network insurance coverage structures.
  • Patient-Centered Evaluation: Cross-reference localized regional care comparisons to align practitioner habits directly with your proactive health maintenance goals.

Data Scope Exclusion & Limitations: The data elements presented above explicitly reflect prescription orders processed for Medicare beneficiaries during the year 2023. This informational profile does not aggregate prescription data for individuals utilizing private commercial health plans, state Medicaid coverage, or self-pay options. However, because medical decision-making remains highly consistent across clinical settings, this public registry provides a reliable proxy for understanding the general prescribing preferences and pharmaceutical care approach used by this provider.