ANGELA M BORNINO ARNP
Prescription History 1760904841
Nurse Practitioner - Gerontology in Minneapolis, MN


Quality Rating: 83.05 out of 100 score

NPI Status: Active since July 11, 2017

Contact Information

800 E 28TH ST
MINNEAPOLIS, MN
ZIP 55407
Phone: (651) 635-9173
Fax: (651) 628-2999

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Prescription History for Informed Healthcare Decisions

Explore the verified Medicare Part D prescription history, volume metrics, and calculated drug costs for ANGELA M BORNINO ARNP, an active Gerontology specialist practicing in Minneapolis, MN. Our medical registry currently tracks 16 unique pharmaceutical formulations prescribed by this provider, representing an estimated volume of 927 documented patient claims. Among these therapy options, the most frequently utilized medication is Oxycodone Hcl, which accounts for 227 claims alone.


Duloxetine Hcl

Generic Formulation: Duloxetine HclSpecialty: Nurse Practitioner
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 54
30-Day Fills 74.0
Days Supply 2,220
MN State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims47.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills83.5
Peer Average Days Supply2,410
Standard Average Utilization

This provider's prescribing patterns for this therapeutic formulation sit directly in line with standard baseline averages across MN. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $1,107.80 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$20.51

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$49.32

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

A thiophene derivative and selective NEUROTRANSMITTER UPTAKE INHIBITOR for SEROTONIN and NORADRENALINE (SNRI). It is an ANTIDEPRESSIVE AGENT and ANXIOLYTIC, and is also used for the treatment of pain in patients with DIABETES MELLITUS and FIBROMYALGIA.

Therapeutic Applications

Duloxetine is used to treat depression and anxiety. In addition, duloxetine is used to help relieve nerve pain (peripheral neuropathy) in people with diabetes or ongoing pain due to medical conditions such as arthritis, chronic back pain, or fibromyalgia (a condition that causes widespread pain). Duloxetine may improve your mood, sleep, appetite, and energy level, and decrease nervousness. It can also decrease pain due to certain medical conditions. Duloxetine is known as a serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI). This medication works by helping to restore the balance of certain natural substances (serotonin and norepinephrine) in the brain.

Fentanyl

Generic Formulation: FentanylSpecialty: Nurse Practitioner
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 55
30-Day Fills 55.0
Days Supply 1,590
MN State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims25.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills25.6
Peer Average Days Supply711
Highly Elevated Utilization

This provider exhibits a high preference for this treatment path, registering a volume 120.0% higher than the standard regional baseline profile for MN. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $4,092.86 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$74.42

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$117.74

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

A potent narcotic analgesic, abuse of which leads to habituation or addiction. It is primarily a mu-opioid agonist. Fentanyl is also used as an adjunct to general anesthetics, and as an anesthetic for induction and maintenance. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1078)

Therapeutic Applications

This medication is used to help relieve severe ongoing pain (such as due to cancer). Fentanyl belongs to a class of drugs known as opioid analgesics. It works in the brain to change how your body feels and responds to pain. Do not use the patch form of fentanyl to relieve pain that is mild or that will go away in a few days. This medication is not for occasional (as needed) use.

Gabapentin

Generic Formulation: GabapentinSpecialty: Nurse Practitioner
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 104
30-Day Fills 111.7
Days Supply 3,264
MN State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims78.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills129.3
Peer Average Days Supply3,709
Elevated Utilization

This provider maintains an active emphasis on this therapeutic option, recording 33.3% more claims than the standard regional baseline profile for MN. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $1,387.79 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$13.34

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$22.73

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

A cyclohexane-gamma-aminobutyric acid derivative that is used for the treatment of PARTIAL SEIZURES; NEURALGIA; and RESTLESS LEGS SYNDROME.

Therapeutic Applications

Gabapentin is used with other medications to prevent and control seizures. It is also used to relieve nerve pain following shingles (a painful rash due to herpes zoster infection) in adults. Gabapentin is known as an anticonvulsant or antiepileptic drug.

Hydrocodone-Acetaminophen

Generic Formulation: Hydrocodone/AcetaminophenSpecialty: Nurse Practitioner
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 50
30-Day Fills 50.0
Days Supply 1,241
MN State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims43.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills43.9
Peer Average Days Supply735
Standard Average Utilization

This provider's prescribing patterns for this therapeutic formulation sit directly in line with standard baseline averages across MN. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $1,309.91 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$26.20

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$17.73

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Therapeutic Applications

This combination medication is used to relieve moderate to severe pain. It contains an opioid pain reliever (hydrocodone) and a non-opioid pain reliever (acetaminophen). Hydrocodone works in the brain to change how your body feels and responds to pain. Acetaminophen can also reduce a fever.

Hydromorphone Hcl

Generic Formulation: Hydromorphone HclSpecialty: Nurse Practitioner
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 72
30-Day Fills 72.0
Days Supply 1,654
MN State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims37.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills37.0
Peer Average Days Supply189
Highly Elevated Utilization

This provider exhibits a high preference for this treatment path, registering a volume 94.6% higher than the standard regional baseline profile for MN. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $2,729.37 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$37.91

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$90.28

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

An opioid analgesic made from MORPHINE and used mainly as an analgesic. It has a shorter duration of action than morphine.

Therapeutic Applications

This medication is used to help relieve moderate to severe pain. Hydromorphone belongs to a class of drugs known as opioid analgesics. It works in the brain to change how your body feels and responds to pain.

Lidocaine

Generic Formulation: LidocaineSpecialty: Nurse Practitioner
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 20
30-Day Fills 20.0
Days Supply 585
MN State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims17.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills19.2
Peer Average Days Supply473
Standard Average Utilization

This provider's prescribing patterns for this therapeutic formulation sit directly in line with standard baseline averages across MN. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $2,373.11 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$118.66

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$118.89

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

A local anesthetic and cardiac depressant used as an antiarrhythmia agent. Its actions are more intense and its effects more prolonged than those of PROCAINE but its duration of action is shorter than that of BUPIVACAINE or PRILOCAINE.

Therapeutic Applications

This product is used to help reduce itching and pain from certain skin conditions (such as scrapes, minor skin irritations, insect bites). It may also be used to help relieve nerve pain after shingles (infection with herpes zoster virus). Lidocaine belongs to a class of drugs known as local anesthetics. It works by causing a temporary loss of feeling in the area where you apply the patch.

Methylphenidate Hcl

Generic Formulation: Methylphenidate HclSpecialty: Nurse Practitioner
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 20
30-Day Fills 20.7
Days Supply 603
MN State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims23.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills25.2
Peer Average Days Supply737
Standard Average Utilization

This provider's prescribing patterns for this therapeutic formulation sit directly in line with standard baseline averages across MN. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $456.71 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$22.84

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$42.07

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Therapeutic Applications

This medication is used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder - ADHD. It works by changing the amounts of certain natural substances in the brain. Methylphenidate belongs to a class of drugs known as stimulants. It can help increase your ability to pay attention, stay focused on an activity, and control behavior problems. It may also help you to organize your tasks and improve listening skills.

Mirtazapine

Generic Formulation: MirtazapineSpecialty: Nurse Practitioner
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 32
30-Day Fills 40.0
Days Supply 1,186
MN State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims45.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills65.8
Peer Average Days Supply1,830
Conservative Utilization

This provider writes prescriptions for this formulation 28.9% less frequently than the standard regional baseline metric for practitioners inside MN. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $625.84 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$19.56

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$24.70

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

A piperazinoazepine tetracyclic compound that enhances the release of NOREPINEPHRINE and SEROTONIN through blockage of presynaptic ALPHA-2 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS. It also blocks both 5-HT2 and 5-HT3 serotonin receptors and is a potent HISTAMINE H1 RECEPTOR antagonist. It is used for the treatment of depression, and may also be useful for the treatment of anxiety disorders.

Therapeutic Applications

Mirtazapine is used to treat depression. It improves mood and feelings of well-being. Mirtazapine is an antidepressant that works by restoring the balance of natural chemicals (neurotransmitters) in the brain.

Morphine Sulfate

Generic Formulation: Morphine SulfateSpecialty: Nurse Practitioner
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 71
30-Day Fills 71.0
Days Supply 1,632
MN State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims23.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills23.8
Peer Average Days Supply484
Highly Elevated Utilization

This provider exhibits a high preference for this treatment path, registering a volume 208.7% higher than the standard regional baseline profile for MN. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $2,319.26 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$32.67

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$32.85

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

The principal alkaloid in opium and the prototype opiate analgesic and narcotic. Morphine has widespread effects in the central nervous system and on smooth muscle.

Therapeutic Applications

This medication is used to treat severe pain. Morphine belongs to a class of drugs known as opioid analgesics. It works in the brain to change how your body feels and responds to pain.

Morphine Sulfate Er

Generic Formulation: Morphine SulfateSpecialty: Nurse Practitioner
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 108
30-Day Fills 108.0
Days Supply 3,071
MN State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims33.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills33.6
Peer Average Days Supply942
Highly Elevated Utilization

This provider exhibits a high preference for this treatment path, registering a volume 227.3% higher than the standard regional baseline profile for MN. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $3,944.42 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$36.52

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$35.66

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

The principal alkaloid in opium and the prototype opiate analgesic and narcotic. Morphine has widespread effects in the central nervous system and on smooth muscle.

Therapeutic Applications

This medication is used to treat severe pain. Morphine belongs to a class of drugs known as opioid analgesics. It works in the brain to change how your body feels and responds to pain.

Naloxone Hcl

Generic Formulation: Naloxone HclSpecialty: Nurse Practitioner
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 24
30-Day Fills 24.0
Days Supply 134
MN State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims33.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills33.8
Peer Average Days Supply318
Conservative Utilization

This provider writes prescriptions for this formulation 27.3% less frequently than the standard regional baseline metric for practitioners inside MN. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $2,140.37 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$89.18

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$90.61

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

A specific opiate antagonist that has no agonist activity. It is a competitive antagonist at mu, delta, and kappa opioid receptors.

Therapeutic Applications

This medication is used for the emergency treatment of known or suspected opioid overdose. Serious opioid overdose symptoms may include unusual sleepiness, unusual difficulty waking up, or breathing problems (ranging from slow/shallow breathing to no breathing). Other symptoms of overdose may include very small pinpoint pupils, slow heartbeat, or low blood pressure. If someone has serious overdose symptoms but you are not sure if the symptoms are due to overdose, give this medication right away anyway, since lasting slow/shallow breathing may cause permanent damage to the brain or death. This medication belongs to a class of drugs known as opioid antagonists. It works by blocking the effects of the opioid in the brain. This medication may not work as well to block the effects of certain types of opioids (mixed agonist/antagonists such as buprenorphine, pentazocine). With these types of opioids, blocking may be incomplete or you may need a higher dose of naloxone. The effects of naloxone will not last as long as the effects of the opioid. Since treatment with this medication is not long lasting, be sure to get medical help right away after giving the first dose of naloxone. Treatment of opioid overdose should also include breathing treatment (such as oxygen given through tubes in the nose, mechanical ventilation, artificial respiration).

Ondansetron Odt

Generic Formulation: OndansetronSpecialty: Nurse Practitioner
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 32
30-Day Fills 32.0
Days Supply 359
MN State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims19.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills19.5
Peer Average Days Supply192
Highly Elevated Utilization

This provider exhibits a high preference for this treatment path, registering a volume 68.4% higher than the standard regional baseline profile for MN. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $492.05 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$15.38

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$19.94

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

A competitive serotonin type 3 receptor antagonist. It is effective in the treatment of nausea and vomiting caused by cytotoxic chemotherapy drugs, including cisplatin, and has reported anxiolytic and neuroleptic properties.

Therapeutic Applications

This medication is used alone or with other medications to prevent nausea and vomiting caused by cancer drug treatment (chemotherapy) and radiation therapy. It is also used to prevent and treat nausea and vomiting after surgery. Ondansetron works by blocking one of the body's natural substances (serotonin) that causes vomiting.

Oxycodone Hcl

Generic Formulation: Oxycodone HclSpecialty: Nurse Practitioner
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 227
30-Day Fills 227.5
Days Supply 5,606
MN State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims41.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills41.8
Peer Average Days Supply577
Highly Elevated Utilization

This provider exhibits a high preference for this treatment path, registering a volume 453.7% higher than the standard regional baseline profile for MN. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $7,117.29 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$31.35

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$15.37

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

A semisynthetic derivative of CODEINE.

Therapeutic Applications

This medication is used to help relieve moderate to severe pain. Oxycodone belongs to a class of drugs known as opioid analgesics. It works in the brain to change how your body feels and responds to pain.

Oxycontin

Generic Formulation: Oxycodone HclSpecialty: Nurse Practitioner
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 28
30-Day Fills 28.0
Days Supply 748
MN State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims24.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills24.5
Peer Average Days Supply647
Standard Average Utilization

This provider's prescribing patterns for this therapeutic formulation sit directly in line with standard baseline averages across MN. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $12,306.08 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$439.50

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$612.22

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

A semisynthetic derivative of CODEINE.

Therapeutic Applications

This medication is used to help relieve severe ongoing pain (such as due to cancer). Oxycodone belongs to a class of drugs known as opioid analgesics. It works in the brain to change how your body feels and responds to pain. The higher strengths of this drug (more than 40 milligrams per tablet) should be used only if you have been regularly taking moderate to large amounts of an opioid pain medication. These strengths may cause overdose (even death) if taken by a person who has not been regularly taking opioids. Do not use the extended-release form of oxycodone to relieve pain that is mild or that will go away in a few days. This medication is not for occasional (as needed) use.

Prochlorperazine Maleate

Generic Formulation: Prochlorperazine MaleateSpecialty: Nurse Practitioner
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 14
30-Day Fills 14.0
Days Supply 242
MN State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims27.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills28.0
Peer Average Days Supply310
Conservative Utilization

This provider writes prescriptions for this formulation 48.1% less frequently than the standard regional baseline metric for practitioners inside MN. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $115.21 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$8.23

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$18.07

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

A phenothiazine antipsychotic used principally in the treatment of NAUSEA; VOMITING; and VERTIGO. It is more likely than CHLORPROMAZINE to cause EXTRAPYRAMIDAL DISORDERS. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p612)

Therapeutic Applications

This medication is used to treat severe nausea and vomiting from certain causes (for example, after surgery or cancer treatment). Prochlorperazine belongs to a class of drugs known as phenothiazines. This medication is not recommended for use in children younger than 2 years or in children going through surgery.

Trazodone Hcl

Generic Formulation: Trazodone HclSpecialty: Nurse Practitioner
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 16
30-Day Fills 25.0
Days Supply 750
MN State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims60.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills110.0
Peer Average Days Supply3,190
Highly Conservative Utilization

This provider demonstrates a highly selective approach to this formula, recording 73.3% less volume than the regional standard for practitioners inside MN. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $78.62 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$4.91

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$14.38

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Therapeutic Applications

This medication is used to treat depression. It may help to improve your mood, appetite, and energy level as well as decrease anxiety and insomnia related to depression. Trazodone works by helping to restore the balance of a certain natural chemical (serotonin) in the brain.

Dataset Methodology & CMS Source Information

This analytical profile maps public infrastructure records sourced directly from official **Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS)** public data releases. The statistics above track documented pharmaceutical treatment trends assigned to beneficiaries specifically under federal public programs. Evaluating the prescriptive footprints of clinical practitioners like ANGELA M BORNINO ARNP provides transparency into local medical care patterns within Minneapolis, MN.

Key Learning Objectives for this Profile:

  • Prescribing Frequencies: Track and evaluate the volume metrics of specific brand-name and generic medical formulas chosen by this provider over time.
  • Clinical Focus Areas: Identify how the provider distributes therapeutic selections across medical care options to gain insight into their true day-to-day **Gerontology** practice concentrations.
  • Program Cost Awareness: Review the calculated total systemic drug costs and raw transactional volumes linked to these orders to better anticipate network insurance coverage structures.
  • Patient-Centered Evaluation: Cross-reference localized regional care comparisons to align practitioner habits directly with your proactive health maintenance goals.

Data Scope Exclusion & Limitations: The data elements presented above explicitly reflect prescription orders processed for Medicare beneficiaries during the year 2023. This informational profile does not aggregate prescription data for individuals utilizing private commercial health plans, state Medicaid coverage, or self-pay options. However, because medical decision-making remains highly consistent across clinical settings, this public registry provides a reliable proxy for understanding the general prescribing preferences and pharmaceutical care approach used by this provider.