SAMARA RUDER NP-C
Prescription History 1669946489
Nurse Practitioner - Family in Saint John, IN

NPI Status: Active since January 15, 2019

Contact Information

8183 MAGOUN DR
SAINT JOHN, IN
ZIP 46373
Phone: (219) 798-3562

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Prescription History for Informed Healthcare Decisions

Explore the verified Medicare Part D prescription history, volume metrics, and calculated drug costs for SAMARA RUDER NP-C, an active Family specialist practicing in Saint John, IN. Our medical registry currently tracks 17 unique pharmaceutical formulations prescribed by this provider, representing an estimated volume of 845 documented patient claims. Among these therapy options, the most frequently utilized medication is Hydrocodone-Acetaminophen, which accounts for 211 claims alone.


Amitriptyline Hcl

Generic Formulation: Amitriptyline HclSpecialty: Nurse Practitioner
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 14
30-Day Fills 20.0
Days Supply 600
IN State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims28.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills54.4
Peer Average Days Supply1,607
Conservative Utilization

This provider writes prescriptions for this formulation 50.0% less frequently than the standard regional baseline metric for practitioners inside IN. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $177.79 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$12.70

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$22.30

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Therapeutic Applications

This medication is used to treat mental/mood problems such as depression. It may help improve mood and feelings of well-being, relieve anxiety and tension, help you sleep better, and increase your energy level. This medication belongs to a class of medications called tricyclic antidepressants. It works by affecting the balance of certain natural chemicals (neurotransmitters such as serotonin) in the brain.

Baclofen

Generic Formulation: BaclofenSpecialty: Nurse Practitioner
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 39
30-Day Fills 45.0
Days Supply 1,272
IN State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims41.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills58.5
Peer Average Days Supply1,576
Standard Average Utilization

This provider's prescribing patterns for this therapeutic formulation sit directly in line with standard baseline averages across IN. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $679.85 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$17.43

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$32.86

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

A GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID derivative that is a specific agonist of GABA-B RECEPTORS. It is used in the treatment of MUSCLE SPASTICITY, especially that due to SPINAL CORD INJURIES. Its therapeutic effects result from actions at spinal and supraspinal sites, generally the reduction of excitatory transmission.

Therapeutic Applications

Baclofen is used to treat muscle spasms caused by certain conditions (such as multiple sclerosis, spinal cord injury/disease). It works by helping to relax the muscles.

Buprenorphine

Generic Formulation: BuprenorphineSpecialty: Nurse Practitioner
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 16
30-Day Fills 16.0
Days Supply 448
IN State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims42.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills42.9
Peer Average Days Supply1,189
Highly Conservative Utilization

This provider demonstrates a highly selective approach to this formula, recording 61.9% less volume than the regional standard for practitioners inside IN. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $5,852.99 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$365.81

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$342.19

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

A derivative of the opioid alkaloid THEBAINE that is a more potent and longer lasting analgesic than MORPHINE. It appears to act as a partial agonist at mu and kappa opioid receptors and as an antagonist at delta receptors. The lack of delta-agonist activity has been suggested to account for the observation that buprenorphine tolerance may not develop with chronic use.

Therapeutic Applications

This medication is used to help relieve severe ongoing pain (such as due to arthritis, chronic back pain). Buprenorphine belongs to a class of drugs known as opioid analgesics. It works in the brain to change how your body feels and responds to pain. The higher strengths of this drug (7.5, 10, 15, or 20 micrograms per hour patches) should be used only if you have been regularly taking moderate amounts of opioid pain medication. These strengths may cause overdose (even death) if used by a person who has not been regularly taking opioids. Do not use this medication to relieve pain that is mild or that will go away in a few days. This medication is not for occasional (as needed) use.

Buprenorphine-Naloxone

Generic Formulation: Buprenorphine Hcl/Naloxone HclSpecialty: Nurse Practitioner
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 17
30-Day Fills 17.0
Days Supply 489
IN State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims98.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills98.8
Peer Average Days Supply1,576
Highly Conservative Utilization

This provider demonstrates a highly selective approach to this formula, recording 82.7% less volume than the regional standard for practitioners inside IN. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $4,342.39 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$255.43

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$89.26

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Therapeutic Applications

This medication contains 2 medicines: buprenorphine and naloxone. It is used to treat opioid dependence/addiction. Buprenorphine belongs to a class of drugs called mixed opioid agonist-antagonists. Buprenorphine helps prevent withdrawal symptoms caused by stopping other opioids. Naloxone is an opioid antagonist that blocks the effect of opioids and can cause severe opioid withdrawal when injected. It has little effect when taken by mouth or dissolved under the tongue. It is combined with buprenorphine to prevent abuse and misuse (injection) of this medication. This combination medication is used as part of a complete treatment program for drug abuse (such as compliance monitoring, counseling, behavioral contract, lifestyle changes). Ask your doctor or pharmacist if you should have other forms of naloxone available to treat opioid overdose. Teach your family or household members about the signs of an opioid overdose and how to treat it.

Cyclobenzaprine Hcl

Generic Formulation: Cyclobenzaprine HclSpecialty: Nurse Practitioner
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 38
30-Day Fills 40.0
Days Supply 1,146
IN State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims40.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills51.4
Peer Average Days Supply1,322
Standard Average Utilization

This provider's prescribing patterns for this therapeutic formulation sit directly in line with standard baseline averages across IN. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $290.30 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$7.64

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$15.24

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Therapeutic Applications

Cyclobenzaprine is used short-term to treat muscle spasms. It is usually used along with rest and physical therapy. It works by helping to relax the muscles. This medication is not recommended for use in older adults because they may be at greater risk for side effects while using this drug. Ask the doctor or pharmacist for details.

Diclofenac Sodium

Generic Formulation: Diclofenac SodiumSpecialty: Nurse Practitioner
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 16
30-Day Fills 18.0
Days Supply 408
IN State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims40.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills53.9
Peer Average Days Supply1,348
Highly Conservative Utilization

This provider demonstrates a highly selective approach to this formula, recording 60.0% less volume than the regional standard for practitioners inside IN. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $421.99 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$26.37

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$32.74

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) with antipyretic and analgesic actions. It is primarily available as the sodium salt.

Therapeutic Applications

See also Warning section. This medication is used to relieve joint pain from arthritis. Diclofenac belongs to a class of drugs known as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). If you are treating a chronic condition such as arthritis, ask your doctor about non-drug treatments and/or using other medications to treat your pain.

Gabapentin

Generic Formulation: GabapentinSpecialty: Nurse Practitioner
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 84
30-Day Fills 92.0
Days Supply 2,712
IN State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims107.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills170.0
Peer Average Days Supply4,888
Standard Average Utilization

This provider's prescribing patterns for this therapeutic formulation sit directly in line with standard baseline averages across IN. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $1,180.58 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$14.05

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$20.83

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

A cyclohexane-gamma-aminobutyric acid derivative that is used for the treatment of PARTIAL SEIZURES; NEURALGIA; and RESTLESS LEGS SYNDROME.

Therapeutic Applications

Gabapentin is used with other medications to prevent and control seizures. It is also used to relieve nerve pain following shingles (a painful rash due to herpes zoster infection) in adults. Gabapentin is known as an anticonvulsant or antiepileptic drug.

Hydrocodone-Acetaminophen

Generic Formulation: Hydrocodone/AcetaminophenSpecialty: Nurse Practitioner
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 211
30-Day Fills 211.0
Days Supply 5,838
IN State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims100.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills100.4
Peer Average Days Supply2,051
Highly Elevated Utilization

This provider exhibits a high preference for this treatment path, registering a volume 111.0% higher than the standard regional baseline profile for IN. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $5,585.33 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$26.47

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$20.47

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Therapeutic Applications

This combination medication is used to relieve moderate to severe pain. It contains an opioid pain reliever (hydrocodone) and a non-opioid pain reliever (acetaminophen). Hydrocodone works in the brain to change how your body feels and responds to pain. Acetaminophen can also reduce a fever.

Ibuprofen

Generic Formulation: IbuprofenSpecialty: Nurse Practitioner
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 11
30-Day Fills 15.0
Days Supply 434
IN State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims29.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills34.7
Peer Average Days Supply723
Highly Conservative Utilization

This provider demonstrates a highly selective approach to this formula, recording 62.1% less volume than the regional standard for practitioners inside IN. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $152.97 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$13.91

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$10.42

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent with analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory properties

Therapeutic Applications

Ibuprofen is used to help relieve mild to moderate pain. When used with an opioid (such as morphine), it may be used to relieve moderate to severe pain. It is also used to reduce fever. Ibuprofen is known as a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). It works by blocking your body's production of certain natural substances that cause inflammation. This effect helps to decrease swelling, pain, or fever.

Morphine Sulfate

Generic Formulation: Morphine SulfateSpecialty: Nurse Practitioner
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 15
30-Day Fills 15.0
Days Supply 385
IN State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims24.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills25.0
Peer Average Days Supply535
Conservative Utilization

This provider writes prescriptions for this formulation 37.5% less frequently than the standard regional baseline metric for practitioners inside IN. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $374.86 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$24.99

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$32.97

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

The principal alkaloid in opium and the prototype opiate analgesic and narcotic. Morphine has widespread effects in the central nervous system and on smooth muscle.

Therapeutic Applications

This medication is used to treat severe pain. Morphine belongs to a class of drugs known as opioid analgesics. It works in the brain to change how your body feels and responds to pain.

Morphine Sulfate Er

Generic Formulation: Morphine SulfateSpecialty: Nurse Practitioner
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 53
30-Day Fills 54.0
Days Supply 1,510
IN State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims48.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills48.6
Peer Average Days Supply1,367
Standard Average Utilization

This provider's prescribing patterns for this therapeutic formulation sit directly in line with standard baseline averages across IN. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $1,587.54 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$29.95

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$40.59

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

The principal alkaloid in opium and the prototype opiate analgesic and narcotic. Morphine has widespread effects in the central nervous system and on smooth muscle.

Therapeutic Applications

This medication is used to treat severe pain. Morphine belongs to a class of drugs known as opioid analgesics. It works in the brain to change how your body feels and responds to pain.

Oxycodone Hcl

Generic Formulation: Oxycodone HclSpecialty: Nurse Practitioner
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 129
30-Day Fills 129.0
Days Supply 3,729
IN State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims52.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills52.3
Peer Average Days Supply1,075
Highly Elevated Utilization

This provider exhibits a high preference for this treatment path, registering a volume 148.1% higher than the standard regional baseline profile for IN. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $2,219.47 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$17.21

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$29.19

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

A semisynthetic derivative of CODEINE.

Therapeutic Applications

This medication is used to help relieve moderate to severe pain. Oxycodone belongs to a class of drugs known as opioid analgesics. It works in the brain to change how your body feels and responds to pain.

Oxycodone-Acetaminophen

Generic Formulation: Oxycodone Hcl/AcetaminophenSpecialty: Nurse Practitioner
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 82
30-Day Fills 82.0
Days Supply 2,315
IN State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims79.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills79.7
Peer Average Days Supply1,866
Standard Average Utilization

This provider's prescribing patterns for this therapeutic formulation sit directly in line with standard baseline averages across IN. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $2,662.93 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$32.47

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$28.61

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Therapeutic Applications

This combination medication is used to help relieve moderate to severe pain. It contains an opioid pain reliever (oxycodone) and a non-opioid pain reliever (acetaminophen). Oxycodone works in the brain to change how your body feels and responds to pain. Acetaminophen can also reduce a fever.

Oxycontin

Generic Formulation: Oxycodone HclSpecialty: Nurse Practitioner
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 15
30-Day Fills 15.0
Days Supply 432
IN State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims25.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills25.8
Peer Average Days Supply700
Conservative Utilization

This provider writes prescriptions for this formulation 40.0% less frequently than the standard regional baseline metric for practitioners inside IN. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $5,718.19 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$381.21

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$836.07

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

A semisynthetic derivative of CODEINE.

Therapeutic Applications

This medication is used to help relieve severe ongoing pain (such as due to cancer). Oxycodone belongs to a class of drugs known as opioid analgesics. It works in the brain to change how your body feels and responds to pain. The higher strengths of this drug (more than 40 milligrams per tablet) should be used only if you have been regularly taking moderate to large amounts of an opioid pain medication. These strengths may cause overdose (even death) if taken by a person who has not been regularly taking opioids. Do not use the extended-release form of oxycodone to relieve pain that is mild or that will go away in a few days. This medication is not for occasional (as needed) use.

Pregabalin

Generic Formulation: PregabalinSpecialty: Nurse Practitioner
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 45
30-Day Fills 45.0
Days Supply 1,348
IN State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims46.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills59.5
Peer Average Days Supply1,709
Standard Average Utilization

This provider's prescribing patterns for this therapeutic formulation sit directly in line with standard baseline averages across IN. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $2,224.68 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$49.44

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$47.21

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

A gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) derivative that functions as a CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKER and is used as an ANTICONVULSANT as well as an ANTI-ANXIETY AGENT. It is also used as an ANALGESIC in the treatment of NEUROPATHIC PAIN and FIBROMYALGIA.

Therapeutic Applications

This medication is used to treat pain caused by nerve damage due to diabetes, shingles (herpes zoster) infection, or spinal cord injury. This medication is also used to treat pain in people with fibromyalgia. It is also used with other medications to treat certain types of seizures (focal seizures).

Tizanidine Hcl

Generic Formulation: Tizanidine HclSpecialty: Nurse Practitioner
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 43
30-Day Fills 49.0
Days Supply 1,470
IN State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims45.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills63.7
Peer Average Days Supply1,719
Standard Average Utilization

This provider's prescribing patterns for this therapeutic formulation sit directly in line with standard baseline averages across IN. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $506.04 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$11.77

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$18.54

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Therapeutic Applications

This medication is used to treat muscle spasms caused by certain conditions (such as multiple sclerosis, spinal cord injury). It works by helping to relax the muscles.

Tramadol Hcl

Generic Formulation: Tramadol HclSpecialty: Nurse Practitioner
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 17
30-Day Fills 17.0
Days Supply 444
IN State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims59.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills60.1
Peer Average Days Supply1,211
Highly Conservative Utilization

This provider demonstrates a highly selective approach to this formula, recording 71.2% less volume than the regional standard for practitioners inside IN. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $166.64 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$9.80

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$7.94

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

A narcotic analgesic proposed for severe pain. It may be habituating.

Therapeutic Applications

See also Warning section. This medication is used to help relieve moderate to moderately severe pain. Tramadol belongs to a class of drugs known as opioid analgesics. It works in the brain to change how your body feels and responds to pain.

Dataset Methodology & CMS Source Information

This analytical profile maps public infrastructure records sourced directly from official **Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS)** public data releases. The statistics above track documented pharmaceutical treatment trends assigned to beneficiaries specifically under federal public programs. Evaluating the prescriptive footprints of clinical practitioners like SAMARA RUDER NP-C provides transparency into local medical care patterns within Saint John, IN.

Key Learning Objectives for this Profile:

  • Prescribing Frequencies: Track and evaluate the volume metrics of specific brand-name and generic medical formulas chosen by this provider over time.
  • Clinical Focus Areas: Identify how the provider distributes therapeutic selections across medical care options to gain insight into their true day-to-day **Family** practice concentrations.
  • Program Cost Awareness: Review the calculated total systemic drug costs and raw transactional volumes linked to these orders to better anticipate network insurance coverage structures.
  • Patient-Centered Evaluation: Cross-reference localized regional care comparisons to align practitioner habits directly with your proactive health maintenance goals.

Data Scope Exclusion & Limitations: The data elements presented above explicitly reflect prescription orders processed for Medicare beneficiaries during the year 2023. This informational profile does not aggregate prescription data for individuals utilizing private commercial health plans, state Medicaid coverage, or self-pay options. However, because medical decision-making remains highly consistent across clinical settings, this public registry provides a reliable proxy for understanding the general prescribing preferences and pharmaceutical care approach used by this provider.