KELLY M KRUEGER D.O.
Prescription History 1487632014
Family Medicine in Novi, MI

NPI Status: Active since January 04, 2006

Contact Information

39555 W. TEN MILE
#302
NOVI, MI
ZIP 48375
Phone: (248) 426-7200
Fax: (247) 426-7335

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Prescription History for Informed Healthcare Decisions

Explore the verified Medicare Part D prescription history, volume metrics, and calculated drug costs for KELLY M KRUEGER D.O., an active Family Medicine specialist practicing in Novi, MI. Our medical registry currently tracks 30 unique pharmaceutical formulations prescribed by this provider, representing an estimated volume of 724 documented patient claims. Among these therapy options, the most frequently utilized medication is Atorvastatin Calcium, which accounts for 101 claims alone.


Albuterol Sulfate Hfa

Generic Formulation: Albuterol SulfateSpecialty: Family Practice
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 17
30-Day Fills 27.9
Days Supply 740
MI State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims58.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills71.6
Peer Average Days Supply1,834
Highly Conservative Utilization

This provider demonstrates a highly selective approach to this formula, recording 70.7% less volume than the regional standard for practitioners inside MI. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $1,011.95 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$59.53

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$51.92

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

A short-acting beta-2 adrenergic agonist that is primarily used as a bronchodilator agent to treat ASTHMA. Albuterol is prepared as a racemic mixture of R(-) and S(+) stereoisomers. The stereospecific preparation of R(-) isomer of albuterol is referred to as levalbuterol.

Therapeutic Applications

Albuterol (also known as salbutamol) is used to treat wheezing and shortness of breath caused by breathing problems such as asthma. It is a quick-relief medication. Albuterol belongs to a class of drugs known as bronchodilators. It works by relaxing the muscles around the airways so that they open up and you can breathe more easily. Controlling symptoms of breathing problems can decrease time lost from work or school.

Allopurinol

Generic Formulation: AllopurinolSpecialty: Family Practice
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 13
30-Day Fills 35.0
Days Supply 1,050
MI State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims46.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills111.1
Peer Average Days Supply3,310
Highly Conservative Utilization

This provider demonstrates a highly selective approach to this formula, recording 71.7% less volume than the regional standard for practitioners inside MI. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $171.76 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$13.21

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$14.29

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

A XANTHINE OXIDASE inhibitor that decreases URIC ACID production. It also acts as an antimetabolite on some simpler organisms.

Therapeutic Applications

Allopurinol is used to treat gout and certain types of kidney stones. It is also used to prevent increased uric acid levels in patients receiving cancer chemotherapy. These patients can have increased uric acid levels due to release of uric acid from the dying cancer cells. Allopurinol works by reducing the amount of uric acid made by the body. Increased uric acid levels can cause gout and kidney problems.

Amlodipine Besylate

Generic Formulation: Amlodipine BesylateSpecialty: Family Practice
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 61
30-Day Fills 107.4
Days Supply 3,220
MI State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims130.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills307.7
Peer Average Days Supply9,167
Highly Conservative Utilization

This provider demonstrates a highly selective approach to this formula, recording 53.1% less volume than the regional standard for practitioners inside MI. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $591.00 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$9.69

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$8.17

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

A long-acting dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker. It is effective in the treatment of ANGINA PECTORIS and HYPERTENSION.

Therapeutic Applications

Amlodipine is used with or without other medications to treat high blood pressure. Lowering high blood pressure helps prevent strokes, heart attacks, and kidney problems. Amlodipine belongs to a class of drugs known as calcium channel blockers. It works by relaxing blood vessels so blood can flow more easily. Amlodipine is also used to prevent certain types of chest pain (angina). It may help to increase your ability to exercise and decrease the frequency of angina attacks. It should not be used to treat attacks of chest pain when they occur. Use other medications (such as sublingual nitroglycerin) to relieve attacks of chest pain as directed by your doctor.

Amlodipine Besylate-Benazepril

Generic Formulation: Amlodipine Besylate/BenazeprilSpecialty: Family Practice
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 13
30-Day Fills 29.0
Days Supply 870
MI State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims27.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills70.7
Peer Average Days Supply2,115
Highly Conservative Utilization

This provider demonstrates a highly selective approach to this formula, recording 51.9% less volume than the regional standard for practitioners inside MI. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $345.98 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$26.61

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$38.22

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Therapeutic Applications

This product is a combination of two drugs: a calcium channel blocker (amlodipine) and an ACE inhibitor (benazepril). It is used to treat high blood pressure. It works by relaxing blood vessels so that blood can flow more easily. Lowering high blood pressure helps prevent strokes, heart attacks and kidney problems.

Amoxicillin

Generic Formulation: AmoxicillinSpecialty: Family Practice
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 15
30-Day Fills 15.0
Days Supply 132
MI State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims38.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills39.0
Peer Average Days Supply266
Highly Conservative Utilization

This provider demonstrates a highly selective approach to this formula, recording 60.5% less volume than the regional standard for practitioners inside MI. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $44.26 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$2.95

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$2.94

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

A broad-spectrum semisynthetic antibiotic similar to AMPICILLIN except that its resistance to gastric acid permits higher serum levels with oral administration.

Therapeutic Applications

Amoxicillin is used to treat a wide variety of bacterial infections. This medication is a penicillin-type antibiotic. It works by stopping the growth of bacteria. This antibiotic treats only bacterial infections. It will not work for viral infections (such as common cold, flu). Using any antibiotic when it is not needed can cause it to not work for future infections. Amoxicillin is also used with other medications to treat stomach/intestinal ulcers caused by the bacteria H. pylori and to prevent the ulcers from returning.

Atenolol

Generic Formulation: AtenololSpecialty: Family Practice
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 15
30-Day Fills 23.0
Days Supply 690
MI State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims42.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills106.2
Peer Average Days Supply3,172
Highly Conservative Utilization

This provider demonstrates a highly selective approach to this formula, recording 64.3% less volume than the regional standard for practitioners inside MI. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $81.22 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$5.41

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$10.42

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

A cardioselective beta-1 adrenergic blocker possessing properties and potency similar to PROPRANOLOL, but without a negative inotropic effect.

Therapeutic Applications

Atenolol is used with or without other medications to treat high blood pressure (hypertension). Lowering high blood pressure helps prevent strokes, heart attacks, and kidney problems. This medication is also used to treat chest pain (angina) and to improve survival after a heart attack. Atenolol belongs to a class of drugs known as beta blockers. It works by blocking the action of certain natural chemicals in your body, such as epinephrine, on the heart and blood vessels. This effect lowers the heart rate, blood pressure, and strain on the heart.

Atorvastatin Calcium

Generic Formulation: Atorvastatin CalciumSpecialty: Family Practice
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 101
30-Day Fills 246.0
Days Supply 7,380
MI State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims182.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills441.0
Peer Average Days Supply13,142
Conservative Utilization

This provider writes prescriptions for this formulation 44.5% less frequently than the standard regional baseline metric for practitioners inside MI. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $1,658.02 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$16.42

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$15.97

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

A pyrrole and heptanoic acid derivative, HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL-COA REDUCTASE INHIBITOR (statin), and ANTICHOLESTEREMIC AGENT that is used to reduce serum levels of LDL-CHOLESTEROL; APOLIPOPROTEIN B; and TRIGLYCERIDES. It is used to increase serum levels of HDL-CHOLESTEROL in the treatment of HYPERLIPIDEMIAS, and for the prevention of CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES in patients with multiple risk factors.

Therapeutic Applications

Atorvastatin is used along with a proper diet to help lower bad cholesterol and fats (such as LDL, triglycerides) and raise good cholesterol (HDL) in the blood. It belongs to a group of drugs known as statins. It works by reducing the amount of cholesterol made by the liver. Lowering bad cholesterol and triglycerides and raising good cholesterol decreases the risk of heart disease and helps prevent strokes and heart attacks. In addition to eating a proper diet (such as a low-cholesterol/low-fat diet), other lifestyle changes that may help this medication work better include exercising, losing weight if overweight, and stopping smoking. Consult your doctor for more details.

Eliquis

Generic Formulation: ApixabanSpecialty: Family Practice
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 15
30-Day Fills 23.2
Days Supply 694
MI State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims76.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills135.2
Peer Average Days Supply3,873
Highly Conservative Utilization

This provider demonstrates a highly selective approach to this formula, recording 80.3% less volume than the regional standard for practitioners inside MI. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $12,924.51 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$861.63

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$879.34

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Therapeutic Applications

Apixaban is used to prevent serious blood clots from forming due to a certain irregular heartbeat (atrial fibrillation) or after hip/knee replacement surgery. With atrial fibrillation, part of the heart does not beat the way it should. This can lead to blood clots forming, which can travel to other parts of your body (such as the lungs or legs) or increase your risk for stroke. In the United States, apixaban is also approved to treat certain types of blood clots (deep vein thrombosis-DVT, pulmonary embolus-PE) and to prevent them from forming again. Apixaban is an anticoagulant that works by blocking certain clotting proteins in your blood.

Escitalopram Oxalate

Generic Formulation: Escitalopram OxalateSpecialty: Family Practice
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 11
30-Day Fills 27.0
Days Supply 810
MI State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims48.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills92.5
Peer Average Days Supply2,733
Highly Conservative Utilization

This provider demonstrates a highly selective approach to this formula, recording 77.1% less volume than the regional standard for practitioners inside MI. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $149.08 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$13.55

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$15.43

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

S-enantiomer of CITALOPRAM. Belongs to a class of drugs known as SELECTIVE SEROTONIN REUPTAKE INHIBITORS, used to treat depression and generalized anxiety disorder.

Therapeutic Applications

Escitalopram is used to treat depression and anxiety. It works by helping to restore the balance of a certain natural substance (serotonin) in the brain. Escitalopram belongs to a class of drugs known as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI). It may improve your energy level and feelings of well-being and decrease nervousness.

Famotidine

Generic Formulation: FamotidineSpecialty: Family Practice
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 20
30-Day Fills 52.0
Days Supply 1,560
MI State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims30.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills30.3
Peer Average Days Supply144
Conservative Utilization

This provider writes prescriptions for this formulation 33.3% less frequently than the standard regional baseline metric for practitioners inside MI. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $347.60 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$17.38

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$10.23

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

A competitive histamine H2-receptor antagonist. Its main pharmacodynamic effect is the inhibition of gastric secretion.

Therapeutic Applications

Famotidine is used to treat ulcers of the stomach and intestines and to prevent intestinal ulcers from coming back after they have healed. This medication is also used to treat certain stomach and throat (esophagus) problems (such as erosive esophagitis, gastroesophageal reflux disease-GERD, Zollinger-Ellison syndrome). It works by decreasing the amount of acid your stomach makes. It relieves symptoms such as cough that doesn't go away, stomach pain, heartburn, and difficulty swallowing. Famotidine belongs to a class of drugs known as H2 blockers. This medication is also available without a prescription. It is used to prevent and treat heartburn and other symptoms caused by too much acid in the stomach (acid indigestion). If you are taking this medication for self-treatment, it is important to read the manufacturer's package instructions carefully so you know when to consult your doctor or pharmacist.

Fluticasone Propionate

Generic Formulation: Fluticasone PropionateSpecialty: Family Practice
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 11
30-Day Fills 16.0
Days Supply 480
MI State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims50.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills83.5
Peer Average Days Supply2,490
Highly Conservative Utilization

This provider demonstrates a highly selective approach to this formula, recording 78.0% less volume than the regional standard for practitioners inside MI. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $136.52 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$12.41

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$19.40

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

A STEROID with GLUCOCORTICOID RECEPTOR activity that is used to manage the symptoms of ASTHMA; ALLERGIC RHINITIS, and ATOPIC DERMATITIS.

Therapeutic Applications

Fluticasone is used to control and prevent symptoms (such as wheezing and shortness of breath) caused by asthma. Controlling symptoms of asthma helps you maintain your normal activities and decreases time lost from work or school. Fluticasone belongs to a class of drugs known as corticosteroids. It works by reducing swelling (inflammation) of the airways in the lungs to make breathing easier. This medication must be used regularly to be effective. It does not work right away and should not be used to relieve sudden asthma attacks. If an asthma attack occurs, use your quick-relief inhaler (such as albuterol, also called salbutamol in some countries) as prescribed.

Gabapentin

Generic Formulation: GabapentinSpecialty: Family Practice
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 18
30-Day Fills 24.0
Days Supply 720
MI State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims87.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills124.3
Peer Average Days Supply3,567
Highly Conservative Utilization

This provider demonstrates a highly selective approach to this formula, recording 79.3% less volume than the regional standard for practitioners inside MI. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $256.46 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$14.25

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$20.33

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

A cyclohexane-gamma-aminobutyric acid derivative that is used for the treatment of PARTIAL SEIZURES; NEURALGIA; and RESTLESS LEGS SYNDROME.

Therapeutic Applications

Gabapentin is used with other medications to prevent and control seizures. It is also used to relieve nerve pain following shingles (a painful rash due to herpes zoster infection) in adults. Gabapentin is known as an anticonvulsant or antiepileptic drug.

Glimepiride

Generic Formulation: GlimepirideSpecialty: Family Practice
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 13
30-Day Fills 35.0
Days Supply 1,050
MI State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims41.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills101.8
Peer Average Days Supply3,044
Highly Conservative Utilization

This provider demonstrates a highly selective approach to this formula, recording 68.3% less volume than the regional standard for practitioners inside MI. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $172.59 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$13.28

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$15.76

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

Alkaloids derived from TYRAMINE combined with 3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde via a norbelladine pathway, including GALANTAMINE, lycorine and crinine. They are found in the AMARYLLIDACEAE plant family.

Therapeutic Applications

Glimepiride is used with a proper diet and exercise program to control high blood sugar in people with type 2 diabetes. It may also be used with other diabetes medications. Controlling high blood sugar helps prevent kidney damage, blindness, nerve problems, loss of limbs, and sexual function problems. Proper control of diabetes may also lessen your risk of a heart attack or stroke. Glimepiride belongs to the class of drugs known as sulfonylureas. It lowers blood sugar by causing the release of your body's natural insulin.

Hydrochlorothiazide

Generic Formulation: HydrochlorothiazideSpecialty: Family Practice
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 14
30-Day Fills 18.0
Days Supply 540
MI State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims69.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills171.2
Peer Average Days Supply5,118
Highly Conservative Utilization

This provider demonstrates a highly selective approach to this formula, recording 79.7% less volume than the regional standard for practitioners inside MI. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $44.59 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$3.19

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$5.71

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

A thiazide diuretic often considered the prototypical member of this class. It reduces the reabsorption of electrolytes from the renal tubules. This results in increased excretion of water and electrolytes, including sodium, potassium, chloride, and magnesium. It is used in the treatment of several disorders including edema, hypertension, diabetes insipidus, and hypoparathyroidism.

Therapeutic Applications

This medication is used to treat high blood pressure. Lowering high blood pressure helps prevent strokes, heart attacks, and kidney problems. Hydrochlorothiazide belongs to a class of drugs known as diuretics/water pills. It works by causing you to make more urine. This helps your body get rid of extra salt and water. This medication also reduces extra fluid in the body (edema) caused by conditions such as heart failure, liver disease, or kidney disease. This can lessen symptoms such as shortness of breath or swelling in your ankles or feet.

Ibandronate Sodium

Generic Formulation: Ibandronate SodiumSpecialty: Family Practice
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 21
30-Day Fills 21.0
Days Supply 630
MI State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims23.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills58.4
Peer Average Days Supply1,747
Standard Average Utilization

This provider's prescribing patterns for this therapeutic formulation sit directly in line with standard baseline averages across MI. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $323.08 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$15.38

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$53.44

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

Aminobisphosphonate that is a potent inhibitor of BONE RESORPTION. It is used in the treatment of HYPERCALCEMIA associated with malignancy, for the prevention of fracture and bone complications in patients with breast cancer and bone metastases, and for the treatment and prevention of POSTMENOPAUSAL OSTEOPOROSIS.

Therapeutic Applications

Ibandronate is used to prevent and treat certain types of bone loss (osteoporosis). Osteoporosis causes bones to become thinner and break more easily. Your chance of developing osteoporosis increases after menopause, as you age, or if you take corticosteroid medications (such as prednisone) for long periods. This medication works by slowing bone loss to help maintain strong bones and reduce the risk of broken bones (fractures). Ibandronate belongs to a class of medications called bisphosphonates.

Levothyroxine Sodium

Generic Formulation: Levothyroxine SodiumSpecialty: Family Practice
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 42
30-Day Fills 116.0
Days Supply 3,480
MI State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims139.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills324.7
Peer Average Days Supply9,624
Highly Conservative Utilization

This provider demonstrates a highly selective approach to this formula, recording 69.8% less volume than the regional standard for practitioners inside MI. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $702.21 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$16.72

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$18.37

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

The major hormone derived from the thyroid gland. Thyroxine is synthesized via the iodination of tyrosines (MONOIODOTYROSINE) and the coupling of iodotyrosines (DIIODOTYROSINE) in the THYROGLOBULIN. Thyroxine is released from thyroglobulin by proteolysis and secreted into the blood. Thyroxine is peripherally deiodinated to form TRIIODOTHYRONINE which exerts a broad spectrum of stimulatory effects on cell metabolism.

Therapeutic Applications

Levothyroxine is used to treat an underactive thyroid (hypothyroidism). It replaces or provides more thyroid hormone, which is normally produced by the thyroid gland. Low thyroid hormone levels can occur naturally or when the thyroid gland is injured by radiation/medications or removed by surgery. Having enough thyroid hormone is important for maintaining normal mental and physical activity. In children, having enough thyroid hormone is important for normal mental and physical development. This medication is also used to treat other types of thyroid disorders (such as thyroid cancer). This medication should not be used to treat infertility unless it is caused by low thyroid hormone levels.

Lisinopril

Generic Formulation: LisinoprilSpecialty: Family Practice
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 38
30-Day Fills 84.2
Days Supply 2,525
MI State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims125.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills305.7
Peer Average Days Supply9,117
Highly Conservative Utilization

This provider demonstrates a highly selective approach to this formula, recording 69.6% less volume than the regional standard for practitioners inside MI. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $373.66 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$9.83

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$9.00

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

One of the ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS (ACE inhibitors), orally active, that has been used in the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure.

Therapeutic Applications

Lisinopril is used to treat high blood pressure. Lowering high blood pressure helps prevent strokes, heart attacks, and kidney problems. It is also used to treat heart failure and to improve survival after a heart attack. Lisinopril belongs to a class of drugs known as ACE inhibitors. It works by relaxing blood vessels so blood can flow more easily.

Lisinopril-Hydrochlorothiazide

Generic Formulation: Lisinopril/HydrochlorothiazideSpecialty: Family Practice
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 17
30-Day Fills 25.0
Days Supply 750
MI State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims41.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills107.1
Peer Average Days Supply3,205
Highly Conservative Utilization

This provider demonstrates a highly selective approach to this formula, recording 58.5% less volume than the regional standard for practitioners inside MI. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $121.51 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$7.15

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$11.65

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Therapeutic Applications

This medication is used to treat high blood pressure. Lowering high blood pressure helps prevent strokes, heart attacks, and kidney problems. This product contains two medications: lisinopril and hydrochlorothiazide. Lisinopril is an ACE inhibitor and works by relaxing blood vessels so that blood can flow more easily. Hydrochlorothiazide is a water pill (diuretic) that causes you to make more urine, which helps your body get rid of extra salt and water. This product is used when one drug is not controlling your blood pressure. Your doctor may direct you to take the individual medications first, and then switch you to this combination product. Do not continue taking the individual medications (lisinopril and/or hydrochlorothiazide) after you start this medication.

Losartan Potassium

Generic Formulation: Losartan PotassiumSpecialty: Family Practice
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 47
30-Day Fills 117.0
Days Supply 3,510
MI State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims106.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills262.3
Peer Average Days Supply7,829
Highly Conservative Utilization

This provider demonstrates a highly selective approach to this formula, recording 55.7% less volume than the regional standard for practitioners inside MI. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $742.54 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$15.80

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$16.32

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

An antagonist of ANGIOTENSIN TYPE 1 RECEPTOR with antihypertensive activity due to the reduced pressor effect of ANGIOTENSIN II.

Therapeutic Applications

Losartan is used to treat high blood pressure (hypertension) and to help protect the kidneys from damage due to diabetes. It is also used to lower the risk of strokes in patients with high blood pressure and an enlarged heart. Lowering high blood pressure helps prevent strokes, heart attacks, and kidney problems. Losartan belongs to a class of drugs called angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs). It works by relaxing blood vessels so that blood can flow more easily.

Metformin Hcl

Generic Formulation: Metformin HclSpecialty: Family Practice
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 32
30-Day Fills 86.0
Days Supply 2,580
MI State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims100.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills237.3
Peer Average Days Supply7,076
Highly Conservative Utilization

This provider demonstrates a highly selective approach to this formula, recording 68.0% less volume than the regional standard for practitioners inside MI. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $321.15 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$10.04

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$9.88

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

A biguanide hypoglycemic agent used in the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus not responding to dietary modification. Metformin improves glycemic control by improving insulin sensitivity and decreasing intestinal absorption of glucose. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p289)

Therapeutic Applications

Metformin is used with a proper diet and exercise program and possibly with other medications to control high blood sugar. It is used in patients with type 2 diabetes. Controlling high blood sugar helps prevent kidney damage, blindness, nerve problems, loss of limbs, and sexual function problems. Proper control of diabetes may also lessen your risk of a heart attack or stroke. Metformin works by helping to restore your body's proper response to the insulin you naturally produce. It also decreases the amount of sugar that your liver makes and that your stomach/intestines absorb.

Metoprolol Succinate

Generic Formulation: Metoprolol SuccinateSpecialty: Family Practice
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 11
30-Day Fills 33.0
Days Supply 990
MI State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims102.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills248.2
Peer Average Days Supply7,400
Highly Conservative Utilization

This provider demonstrates a highly selective approach to this formula, recording 89.2% less volume than the regional standard for practitioners inside MI. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $220.65 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$20.06

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$25.47

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

A selective adrenergic beta-1 blocking agent that is commonly used to treat ANGINA PECTORIS; HYPERTENSION; and CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS.

Therapeutic Applications

This medication is a beta-blocker used to treat chest pain (angina), heart failure, and high blood pressure. Lowering high blood pressure helps prevent strokes, heart attacks, and kidney problems. This drug works by blocking the action of certain natural chemicals in your body (such as epinephrine) that affect the heart and blood vessels. This lowers heart rate, blood pressure, and strain on the heart.

Metoprolol Tartrate

Generic Formulation: Metoprolol TartrateSpecialty: Family Practice
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 19
30-Day Fills 33.0
Days Supply 990
MI State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims72.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills161.5
Peer Average Days Supply4,785
Highly Conservative Utilization

This provider demonstrates a highly selective approach to this formula, recording 73.6% less volume than the regional standard for practitioners inside MI. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $41.20 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$2.17

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$8.40

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

A selective adrenergic beta-1 blocking agent that is commonly used to treat ANGINA PECTORIS; HYPERTENSION; and CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS.

Therapeutic Applications

Metoprolol is used with or without other medications to treat high blood pressure (hypertension). Lowering high blood pressure helps prevent strokes, heart attacks, and kidney problems. This medication is also used to treat chest pain (angina) and to improve survival after a heart attack. Metoprolol belongs to a class of drugs known as beta blockers. It works by blocking the action of certain natural chemicals in your body, such as epinephrine, on the heart and blood vessels. This effect lowers the heart rate, blood pressure, and strain on the heart.

Montelukast Sodium

Generic Formulation: Montelukast SodiumSpecialty: Family Practice
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 23
30-Day Fills 51.0
Days Supply 1,530
MI State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims50.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills112.9
Peer Average Days Supply3,367
Highly Conservative Utilization

This provider demonstrates a highly selective approach to this formula, recording 54.0% less volume than the regional standard for practitioners inside MI. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $412.76 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$17.95

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$19.21

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Therapeutic Applications

Montelukast is used to control and prevent symptoms caused by asthma (such as wheezing and shortness of breath). It is also used before exercise to prevent breathing problems during exercise (bronchospasm). This medication can help decrease the number of times you need to use your quick relief inhaler. Montelukast is also used to relieve symptoms of hay fever and allergic rhinitis (such as sneezing, stuffy/runny/itchy nose). Since there are other allergy medications that may be safer (see also Warning section), this medication should be used for this condition only when you cannot take other allergy medications or they do not work well. This medication must be used regularly to be effective. It does not work right away and should not be used to relieve sudden asthma attacks or breathing problems. If an asthma attack or sudden shortness of breath occurs, use your quick-relief inhaler as prescribed. This drug works by blocking certain natural substances (leukotrienes) that may cause or worsen asthma and allergies. It helps make breathing easier by reducing swelling (inflammation) in the airways.

Omeprazole

Generic Formulation: OmeprazoleSpecialty: Family Practice
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 24
30-Day Fills 66.0
Days Supply 1,980
MI State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims105.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills234.4
Peer Average Days Supply6,980
Highly Conservative Utilization

This provider demonstrates a highly selective approach to this formula, recording 77.1% less volume than the regional standard for practitioners inside MI. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $314.66 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$13.11

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$15.60

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

A 4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridyl, 5-methoxybenzimidazole derivative of timoprazole that is used in the therapy of STOMACH ULCERS and ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME. The drug inhibits an H(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE which is found in GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS.

Therapeutic Applications

Omeprazole is used to treat certain stomach and esophagus problems (such as acid reflux, ulcers). It works by decreasing the amount of acid your stomach makes. It relieves symptoms such as heartburn, difficulty swallowing, and cough. This medication helps heal acid damage to the stomach and esophagus, helps prevent ulcers, and may help prevent cancer of the esophagus. Omeprazole belongs to a class of drugs known as proton pump inhibitors (PPIs). If you are self-treating with this medication, over-the-counter omeprazole products are used to treat frequent heartburn (occurring 2 or more days a week). Since it may take 1 to 4 days to have full effect, these products do not relieve heartburn right away. For over-the-counter products, carefully read the package instructions to make sure the product is right for you. Check the ingredients on the label even if you have used the product before. The manufacturer may have changed the ingredients. Also, products with similar brand names may contain different ingredients meant for different purposes. Taking the wrong product could harm you.

Pantoprazole Sodium

Generic Formulation: Pantoprazole SodiumSpecialty: Family Practice
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 13
30-Day Fills 39.0
Days Supply 1,170
MI State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims60.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills123.8
Peer Average Days Supply3,661
Highly Conservative Utilization

This provider demonstrates a highly selective approach to this formula, recording 78.3% less volume than the regional standard for practitioners inside MI. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $189.68 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$14.59

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$17.87

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

2-pyridinylmethylsulfinylbenzimidazole proton pump inhibitor that is used in the treatment of GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX and PEPTIC ULCER.

Therapeutic Applications

Pantoprazole is used to treat certain stomach and esophagus problems (such as acid reflux). It works by decreasing the amount of acid your stomach makes. This medication relieves symptoms such as heartburn, difficulty swallowing, and cough. It helps heal acid damage to the stomach and esophagus, helps prevent ulcers, and may help prevent cancer of the esophagus. Pantoprazole belongs to a class of drugs known as proton pump inhibitors (PPIs).

Paroxetine Hcl

Generic Formulation: Paroxetine HclSpecialty: Family Practice
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 14
30-Day Fills 20.0
Days Supply 600
MI State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims27.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills53.1
Peer Average Days Supply1,571
Conservative Utilization

This provider writes prescriptions for this formulation 48.1% less frequently than the standard regional baseline metric for practitioners inside MI. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $136.29 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$9.74

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$14.25

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Therapeutic Applications

Paroxetine is used to treat depression, panic attacks, anxiety disorders, and a severe form of premenstrual syndrome (premenstrual dysphoric disorder). It works by helping to restore the balance of a certain natural substance (serotonin) in the brain. Paroxetine is known as a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI). This medication may improve your mood, sleep, appetite, and energy level and may help restore your interest in daily living. It may decrease fear, anxiety, unwanted thoughts, and the number of panic attacks. Paroxetine may lessen premenstrual symptoms such as irritability, increased appetite, and depression.

Pravastatin Sodium

Generic Formulation: Pravastatin SodiumSpecialty: Family Practice
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 12
30-Day Fills 12.0
Days Supply 360
MI State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims49.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills127.2
Peer Average Days Supply3,801
Highly Conservative Utilization

This provider demonstrates a highly selective approach to this formula, recording 75.5% less volume than the regional standard for practitioners inside MI. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $94.12 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$7.84

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$21.40

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

An antilipemic fungal metabolite isolated from cultures of Nocardia autotrophica. It acts as a competitive inhibitor of HMG CoA reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES).

Therapeutic Applications

Pravastatin is used along with a proper diet to help lower bad cholesterol and fats (such as LDL, triglycerides) and raise good cholesterol (HDL) in the blood. It belongs to a group of drugs known as statins. It works by reducing the amount of cholesterol made by the liver. Lowering bad cholesterol and triglycerides and raising good cholesterol decreases the risk of heart disease and helps prevent strokes and heart attacks. In addition to eating a proper diet (such as a low-cholesterol/low-fat diet), other lifestyle changes that may help this medication work better include exercising, losing weight if overweight, and stopping smoking. Consult your doctor for more details.

Propranolol Hcl Er

Generic Formulation: Propranolol HclSpecialty: Family Practice
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 12
30-Day Fills 36.0
Days Supply 1,080
MI State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims20.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills44.8
Peer Average Days Supply1,332
Conservative Utilization

This provider writes prescriptions for this formulation 40.0% less frequently than the standard regional baseline metric for practitioners inside MI. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $823.22 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$68.60

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$83.57

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Therapeutic Applications

This formulation of propranolol is used for infants and children to treat a certain benign tumor (proliferating infantile hemangioma). It helps to shrink the tumor. Propranolol belongs to a class of drugs known as beta blockers.

Simvastatin

Generic Formulation: SimvastatinSpecialty: Family Practice
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 48
30-Day Fills 122.5
Days Supply 3,676
MI State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims86.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills217.2
Peer Average Days Supply6,495
Conservative Utilization

This provider writes prescriptions for this formulation 44.2% less frequently than the standard regional baseline metric for practitioners inside MI. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $626.27 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$13.05

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$13.65

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

A derivative of LOVASTATIN and potent competitive inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES), which is the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. It may also interfere with steroid hormone production. Due to the induction of hepatic LDL RECEPTORS, it increases breakdown of LDL CHOLESTEROL.

Therapeutic Applications

Simvastatin is used along with a proper diet to help lower bad cholesterol and fats (such as LDL, triglycerides) and raise good cholesterol (HDL) in the blood. It belongs to a group of drugs known as statins. It works by reducing the amount of cholesterol made by the liver. Lowering bad cholesterol and triglycerides and raising good cholesterol decreases the risk of heart disease and helps prevent strokes and heart attacks. In addition to eating a proper diet (such as a low-cholesterol/low-fat diet), other lifestyle changes that may help this medication work better include exercising, losing weight if overweight, and stopping smoking. Consult your doctor for more details.

Trazodone Hcl

Generic Formulation: Trazodone HclSpecialty: Family Practice
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 14
30-Day Fills 32.0
Days Supply 960
MI State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims59.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills103.7
Peer Average Days Supply3,053
Highly Conservative Utilization

This provider demonstrates a highly selective approach to this formula, recording 76.3% less volume than the regional standard for practitioners inside MI. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $117.38 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$8.38

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$13.20

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Therapeutic Applications

This medication is used to treat depression. It may help to improve your mood, appetite, and energy level as well as decrease anxiety and insomnia related to depression. Trazodone works by helping to restore the balance of a certain natural chemical (serotonin) in the brain.

Dataset Methodology & CMS Source Information

This analytical profile maps public infrastructure records sourced directly from official **Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS)** public data releases. The statistics above track documented pharmaceutical treatment trends assigned to beneficiaries specifically under federal public programs. Evaluating the prescriptive footprints of clinical practitioners like KELLY M KRUEGER D.O. provides transparency into local medical care patterns within Novi, MI.

Key Learning Objectives for this Profile:

  • Prescribing Frequencies: Track and evaluate the volume metrics of specific brand-name and generic medical formulas chosen by this provider over time.
  • Clinical Focus Areas: Identify how the provider distributes therapeutic selections across medical care options to gain insight into their true day-to-day **Family Medicine** practice concentrations.
  • Program Cost Awareness: Review the calculated total systemic drug costs and raw transactional volumes linked to these orders to better anticipate network insurance coverage structures.
  • Patient-Centered Evaluation: Cross-reference localized regional care comparisons to align practitioner habits directly with your proactive health maintenance goals.

Data Scope Exclusion & Limitations: The data elements presented above explicitly reflect prescription orders processed for Medicare beneficiaries during the year 2023. This informational profile does not aggregate prescription data for individuals utilizing private commercial health plans, state Medicaid coverage, or self-pay options. However, because medical decision-making remains highly consistent across clinical settings, this public registry provides a reliable proxy for understanding the general prescribing preferences and pharmaceutical care approach used by this provider.