IDALMIS ESPINOSA PMHNP-BC
Prescription History 1265005342
Nurse Practitioner - Psychiatric/Mental Health in New York, NY

NPI Status: Active since July 19, 2021

Contact Information

286 FORT WASHINGTON AVE APT 1B
NEW YORK, NY
ZIP 10032
Phone: (212) 927-0300

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Prescription History for Informed Healthcare Decisions

Explore the verified Medicare Part D prescription history, volume metrics, and calculated drug costs for IDALMIS ESPINOSA PMHNP-BC, an active Psychiatric/Mental Health specialist practicing in New York, NY. Our medical registry currently tracks 32 unique pharmaceutical formulations prescribed by this provider, representing an estimated volume of 4,957 documented patient claims. Among these therapy options, the most frequently utilized medication is Escitalopram Oxalate, which accounts for 839 claims alone.


Aripiprazole

Generic Formulation: AripiprazoleSpecialty: Nurse Practitioner
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 48
30-Day Fills 60.0
Days Supply 1,800
NY State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims49.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills59.6
Peer Average Days Supply1,715
Standard Average Utilization

This provider's prescribing patterns for this therapeutic formulation sit directly in line with standard baseline averages across NY. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $2,217.87 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$46.21

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$135.31

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

A piperazine and quinolone derivative that is used primarily as an antipsychotic agent. It is a partial agonist of SEROTONIN RECEPTOR, 5-HT1A and DOPAMINE D2 RECEPTORS, where it also functions as a post-synaptic antagonist, and an antagonist of SEROTONIN RECEPTOR, 5-HT2A. It is used for the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA and BIPOLAR DISORDER, and as an adjunct therapy for the treatment of depression.

Therapeutic Applications

Aripiprazole is used to treat certain mental/mood disorders (such as bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, Tourette's syndrome, and irritability associated with autistic disorder). It may also be used in combination with other medication to treat depression. Aripiprazole is known as an antipsychotic drug (atypical type). It works by helping to restore the balance of certain natural chemicals in the brain (neurotransmitters). This medication can decrease hallucinations and improve your concentration. It helps you to think more clearly and positively about yourself, feel less nervous, and take a more active part in everyday life. Aripiprazole can treat severe mood swings and decrease how often mood swings occur.

Benztropine Mesylate

Generic Formulation: Benztropine MesylateSpecialty: Nurse Practitioner
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 20
30-Day Fills 29.5
Days Supply 885
NY State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims51.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills56.2
Peer Average Days Supply1,596
Highly Conservative Utilization

This provider demonstrates a highly selective approach to this formula, recording 60.8% less volume than the regional standard for practitioners inside NY. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $107.52 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$5.38

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$12.35

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

A centrally active muscarinic antagonist that has been used in the symptomatic treatment of PARKINSON DISEASE. Benztropine also inhibits the uptake of dopamine.

Therapeutic Applications

Benztropine is used to treat symptoms of Parkinson's disease or involuntary movements due to the side effects of certain psychiatric drugs (antipsychotics such as chlorpromazine/haloperidol). Benztropine belongs to a class of medication called anticholinergics that work by blocking a certain natural substance (acetylcholine). This helps decrease muscle stiffness, sweating, and the production of saliva, and helps improve walking ability in people with Parkinson's disease. Anticholinergics can stop severe muscle spasms of the back, neck, and eyes that are sometimes caused by psychiatric drugs. It can also decrease other side effects such as muscle stiffness/rigidity (extrapyramidal signs-EPS). It is not helpful in treating movement problems caused by tardive dyskinesia and may worsen them. Benztropine should not be used by children younger than 3 years.

Bupropion Xl

Generic Formulation: Bupropion HclSpecialty: Nurse Practitioner
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 248
30-Day Fills 283.0
Days Supply 8,490
NY State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims39.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills65.2
Peer Average Days Supply1,933
Highly Elevated Utilization

This provider exhibits a high preference for this treatment path, registering a volume 535.9% higher than the standard regional baseline profile for NY. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $4,934.85 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$19.90

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$38.14

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Therapeutic Applications

Bupropion is used to treat depression. It can improve your mood and feelings of well-being. It may work by helping to restore the balance of certain natural chemicals (neurotransmitters) in your brain.

Buspirone Hcl

Generic Formulation: Buspirone HclSpecialty: Nurse Practitioner
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 232
30-Day Fills 284.5
Days Supply 8,535
NY State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims39.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills52.1
Peer Average Days Supply1,499
Highly Elevated Utilization

This provider exhibits a high preference for this treatment path, registering a volume 494.9% higher than the standard regional baseline profile for NY. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $4,209.85 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$18.15

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$17.79

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Therapeutic Applications

This medication is used to treat anxiety. It may help you think more clearly, relax, worry less, and take part in everyday life. It may also help you to feel less jittery and irritable, and may control symptoms such as trouble sleeping, sweating, and pounding heartbeat. Buspirone is a medication for anxiety (anxiolytic) that works by affecting certain natural substances in the brain (neurotransmitters).

Citalopram Hbr

Generic Formulation: Citalopram HydrobromideSpecialty: Nurse Practitioner
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 332
30-Day Fills 386.0
Days Supply 11,556
NY State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims37.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills64.2
Peer Average Days Supply1,867
Highly Elevated Utilization

This provider exhibits a high preference for this treatment path, registering a volume 797.3% higher than the standard regional baseline profile for NY. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $1,024.76 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$3.09

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$7.78

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

A furancarbonitrile that is one of the SELECTIVE SEROTONIN REUPTAKE INHIBITORS used as an antidepressant. The drug is also effective in reducing ethanol uptake in alcoholics and is used in depressed patients who also suffer from TARDIVE DYSKINESIA in preference to tricyclic antidepressants, which aggravate dyskinesia.

Therapeutic Applications

Citalopram is used to treat depression. It may improve your energy level and feelings of well-being. Citalopram is known as a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI). This medication works by helping to restore the balance of a certain natural substance (serotonin) in the brain.

Clonazepam

Generic Formulation: ClonazepamSpecialty: Nurse Practitioner
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 101
30-Day Fills 101.5
Days Supply 2,656
NY State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims51.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills53.3
Peer Average Days Supply1,511
Highly Elevated Utilization

This provider exhibits a high preference for this treatment path, registering a volume 98.0% higher than the standard regional baseline profile for NY. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $489.19 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$4.84

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$10.30

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

An anticonvulsant used for several types of seizures, including myotonic or atonic seizures, photosensitive epilepsy, and absence seizures, although tolerance may develop. It is seldom effective in generalized tonic-clonic or partial seizures. The mechanism of action appears to involve the enhancement of GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID receptor responses.

Therapeutic Applications

Clonazepam is used to prevent and control seizures. This medication is known as an anticonvulsant or antiepileptic drug. It is also used to treat panic attacks. Clonazepam works by calming your brain and nerves. It belongs to a class of drugs called benzodiazepines.

Divalproex Sodium

Generic Formulation: Divalproex SodiumSpecialty: Nurse Practitioner
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 13
30-Day Fills 14.0
Days Supply 420
NY State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims48.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills53.5
Peer Average Days Supply1,429
Highly Conservative Utilization

This provider demonstrates a highly selective approach to this formula, recording 72.9% less volume than the regional standard for practitioners inside NY. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $254.02 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$19.54

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$45.40

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

A fatty acid with anticonvulsant and anti-manic properties that is used in the treatment of EPILEPSY and BIPOLAR DISORDER. The mechanisms of its therapeutic actions are not well understood. It may act by increasing GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID levels in the brain or by altering the properties of VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS.

Therapeutic Applications

This medication is used to treat seizure disorders, certain psychiatric conditions (manic phase of bipolar disorder), and to prevent migraine headaches. It works by restoring the balance of certain natural substances (neurotransmitters) in the brain.

Donepezil Hcl

Generic Formulation: Donepezil HclSpecialty: Nurse Practitioner
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 447
30-Day Fills 520.7
Days Supply 15,620
NY State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims62.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills96.8
Peer Average Days Supply2,781
Highly Elevated Utilization

This provider exhibits a high preference for this treatment path, registering a volume 621.0% higher than the standard regional baseline profile for NY. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $3,043.05 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$6.81

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$14.25

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Therapeutic Applications

Donepezil is used to treat confusion (dementia) related to Alzheimer's disease. It does not cure Alzheimer's disease, but it may improve memory, awareness, and the ability to function. This medication is an enzyme blocker that works by restoring the balance of natural substances (neurotransmitters) in the brain.

Doxepin Hcl

Generic Formulation: Doxepin HclSpecialty: Nurse Practitioner
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 27
30-Day Fills 34.5
Days Supply 1,020
NY State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims35.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills40.5
Peer Average Days Supply1,192
Standard Average Utilization

This provider's prescribing patterns for this therapeutic formulation sit directly in line with standard baseline averages across NY. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $1,198.13 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$44.38

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$184.36

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Therapeutic Applications

This medication is used to treat mental/mood problems such as depression and anxiety. It may help improve mood and feelings of well-being, relieve anxiety and tension, help you sleep better, and increase your energy level. This medication belongs to a class of medications called tricyclic antidepressants. It works by affecting the balance of certain natural chemicals (neurotransmitters) in the brain.

Duloxetine Hcl

Generic Formulation: Duloxetine HclSpecialty: Nurse Practitioner
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 11
30-Day Fills 22.0
Days Supply 660
NY State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims45.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills74.3
Peer Average Days Supply2,170
Highly Conservative Utilization

This provider demonstrates a highly selective approach to this formula, recording 75.6% less volume than the regional standard for practitioners inside NY. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $284.91 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$25.90

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$46.11

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

A thiophene derivative and selective NEUROTRANSMITTER UPTAKE INHIBITOR for SEROTONIN and NORADRENALINE (SNRI). It is an ANTIDEPRESSIVE AGENT and ANXIOLYTIC, and is also used for the treatment of pain in patients with DIABETES MELLITUS and FIBROMYALGIA.

Therapeutic Applications

Duloxetine is used to treat depression and anxiety. In addition, duloxetine is used to help relieve nerve pain (peripheral neuropathy) in people with diabetes or ongoing pain due to medical conditions such as arthritis, chronic back pain, or fibromyalgia (a condition that causes widespread pain). Duloxetine may improve your mood, sleep, appetite, and energy level, and decrease nervousness. It can also decrease pain due to certain medical conditions. Duloxetine is known as a serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI). This medication works by helping to restore the balance of certain natural substances (serotonin and norepinephrine) in the brain.

Escitalopram Oxalate

Generic Formulation: Escitalopram OxalateSpecialty: Nurse Practitioner
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 839
30-Day Fills 991.5
Days Supply 29,726
NY State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims53.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills91.7
Peer Average Days Supply2,684
Highly Elevated Utilization

This provider exhibits a high preference for this treatment path, registering a volume 1,483.0% higher than the standard regional baseline profile for NY. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $4,609.51 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$5.49

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$13.47

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

S-enantiomer of CITALOPRAM. Belongs to a class of drugs known as SELECTIVE SEROTONIN REUPTAKE INHIBITORS, used to treat depression and generalized anxiety disorder.

Therapeutic Applications

Escitalopram is used to treat depression and anxiety. It works by helping to restore the balance of a certain natural substance (serotonin) in the brain. Escitalopram belongs to a class of drugs known as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI). It may improve your energy level and feelings of well-being and decrease nervousness.

Fluoxetine Hcl

Generic Formulation: Fluoxetine HclSpecialty: Nurse Practitioner
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 111
30-Day Fills 138.0
Days Supply 4,110
NY State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims38.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills61.7
Peer Average Days Supply1,813
Highly Elevated Utilization

This provider exhibits a high preference for this treatment path, registering a volume 192.1% higher than the standard regional baseline profile for NY. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $596.40 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$5.37

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$14.81

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

The first highly specific serotonin uptake inhibitor. It is used as an antidepressant and often has a more acceptable side-effects profile than traditional antidepressants.

Therapeutic Applications

This long-acting form of fluoxetine is used to treat depression in people who have been successfully treated with the form of fluoxetine that is taken daily. Fluoxetine is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI). SSRIs work by helping to restore the balance of certain natural substances in the brain (neurotransmitters such as serotonin). Fluoxetine may decrease anxiety, improve your mood, sleep, appetite, and energy level and may help restore your interest in daily living.

Gabapentin

Generic Formulation: GabapentinSpecialty: Nurse Practitioner
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 34
30-Day Fills 39.0
Days Supply 1,170
NY State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims78.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills113.9
Peer Average Days Supply3,301
Highly Conservative Utilization

This provider demonstrates a highly selective approach to this formula, recording 56.4% less volume than the regional standard for practitioners inside NY. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $227.24 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$6.68

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$17.62

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

A cyclohexane-gamma-aminobutyric acid derivative that is used for the treatment of PARTIAL SEIZURES; NEURALGIA; and RESTLESS LEGS SYNDROME.

Therapeutic Applications

Gabapentin is used with other medications to prevent and control seizures. It is also used to relieve nerve pain following shingles (a painful rash due to herpes zoster infection) in adults. Gabapentin is known as an anticonvulsant or antiepileptic drug.

Hydroxyzine Hcl

Generic Formulation: Hydroxyzine HclSpecialty: Nurse Practitioner
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 30
30-Day Fills 38.0
Days Supply 1,125
NY State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims28.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills33.7
Peer Average Days Supply909
Standard Average Utilization

This provider's prescribing patterns for this therapeutic formulation sit directly in line with standard baseline averages across NY. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $192.21 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$6.41

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$20.33

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Therapeutic Applications

Hydroxyzine is used to treat itching caused by allergies. It is an antihistamine and works by blocking a certain natural substance (histamine) that your body makes during an allergic reaction. Hydroxyzine may also be used short-term to treat anxiety or to help you feel sleepy/relaxed before and after surgery.

Lamotrigine

Generic Formulation: LamotrigineSpecialty: Nurse Practitioner
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 41
30-Day Fills 50.5
Days Supply 1,515
NY State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims45.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills63.0
Peer Average Days Supply1,843
Standard Average Utilization

This provider's prescribing patterns for this therapeutic formulation sit directly in line with standard baseline averages across NY. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $317.63 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$7.75

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$16.24

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

A phenyltriazine compound, sodium and calcium channel blocker that is used for the treatment of SEIZURES and BIPOLAR DISORDER.

Therapeutic Applications

Lamotrigine is used alone or with other medications to prevent and control seizures. It may also be used to help prevent the extreme mood swings of bipolar disorder in adults. Lamotrigine is known as an anticonvulsant or antiepileptic drug. It is thought to work by restoring the balance of certain natural substances in the brain. This drug is not approved for use in children younger than 2 years due to an increased risk of side effects (such as infections).

Lithium Carbonate

Generic Formulation: Lithium CarbonateSpecialty: Nurse Practitioner
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 24
30-Day Fills 25.0
Days Supply 750
NY State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims28.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills32.9
Peer Average Days Supply944
Standard Average Utilization

This provider's prescribing patterns for this therapeutic formulation sit directly in line with standard baseline averages across NY. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $111.95 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$4.66

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$8.99

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

A lithium salt, classified as a mood-stabilizing agent. Lithium ion alters the metabolism of BIOGENIC MONOAMINES in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM, and affects multiple neurotransmission systems.

Therapeutic Applications

This medication is used to treat manic-depressive disorder (bipolar disorder). It works to stabilize the mood and reduce extremes in behavior by restoring the balance of certain natural substances (neurotransmitters) in the brain. Some of the benefits of continued use of this medication include decreasing how often manic episodes occur and decreasing the symptoms of manic episodes, such as exaggerated feelings of well-being, feelings that others wish to harm you, irritability, anxiousness, rapid/loud speech, and aggressive/hostile behaviors.

Memantine Hcl

Generic Formulation: Memantine HclSpecialty: Nurse Practitioner
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 239
30-Day Fills 287.5
Days Supply 8,625
NY State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims55.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills77.7
Peer Average Days Supply2,171
Highly Elevated Utilization

This provider exhibits a high preference for this treatment path, registering a volume 334.5% higher than the standard regional baseline profile for NY. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $4,880.88 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$20.42

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$47.26

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Therapeutic Applications

Memantine is used to treat moderate to severe confusion (dementia) related to Alzheimer's disease. It does not cure Alzheimer's disease, but it may improve memory, awareness, and the ability to perform daily functions. This medication works by blocking the action of a certain natural substance in the brain (glutamate) that is believed to be linked to symptoms of Alzheimer's disease.

Memantine Hcl Er

Generic Formulation: Memantine HclSpecialty: Nurse Practitioner
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 75
30-Day Fills 84.5
Days Supply 2,535
NY State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims42.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills57.3
Peer Average Days Supply1,620
Highly Elevated Utilization

This provider exhibits a high preference for this treatment path, registering a volume 78.6% higher than the standard regional baseline profile for NY. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $11,964.60 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$159.53

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$156.94

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Therapeutic Applications

Memantine is used to treat moderate to severe confusion (dementia) related to Alzheimer's disease. It does not cure Alzheimer's disease, but it may improve memory, awareness, and the ability to perform daily functions. This medication works by blocking the action of a certain natural substance in the brain (glutamate) that is believed to be linked to symptoms of Alzheimer's disease.

Mirtazapine

Generic Formulation: MirtazapineSpecialty: Nurse Practitioner
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 452
30-Day Fills 524.0
Days Supply 15,682
NY State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims54.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills69.7
Peer Average Days Supply1,938
Highly Elevated Utilization

This provider exhibits a high preference for this treatment path, registering a volume 737.0% higher than the standard regional baseline profile for NY. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $7,816.15 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$17.29

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$20.97

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

A piperazinoazepine tetracyclic compound that enhances the release of NOREPINEPHRINE and SEROTONIN through blockage of presynaptic ALPHA-2 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS. It also blocks both 5-HT2 and 5-HT3 serotonin receptors and is a potent HISTAMINE H1 RECEPTOR antagonist. It is used for the treatment of depression, and may also be useful for the treatment of anxiety disorders.

Therapeutic Applications

Mirtazapine is used to treat depression. It improves mood and feelings of well-being. Mirtazapine is an antidepressant that works by restoring the balance of natural chemicals (neurotransmitters) in the brain.

Namzaric

Generic Formulation: Memantine Hcl/Donepezil HclSpecialty: Nurse Practitioner
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 13
30-Day Fills 13.0
Days Supply 390
NY State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims38.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills45.4
Peer Average Days Supply1,288
Highly Conservative Utilization

This provider demonstrates a highly selective approach to this formula, recording 65.8% less volume than the regional standard for practitioners inside NY. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $8,030.36 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$617.72

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$644.26

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Therapeutic Applications

This combination medication is used to treat moderate to severe confusion (dementia) related to Alzheimer's disease. It does not cure Alzheimer's disease, but it may improve memory, awareness, and the ability to perform daily functions. This product contains 2 medications. Memantine works by blocking the action of a certain natural substance in the brain (glutamate) that is believed to be linked to symptoms of Alzheimer's disease. Donepezil is an enzyme blocker that works by restoring the balance of natural substances (neurotransmitters) in the brain.

Olanzapine

Generic Formulation: OlanzapineSpecialty: Nurse Practitioner
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 16
30-Day Fills 22.0
Days Supply 660
NY State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims52.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills59.2
Peer Average Days Supply1,664
Highly Conservative Utilization

This provider demonstrates a highly selective approach to this formula, recording 69.2% less volume than the regional standard for practitioners inside NY. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $473.39 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$29.59

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$35.00

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

A benzodiazepine derivative that binds SEROTONIN RECEPTORS; MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS; HISTAMINE H1 RECEPTORS; ADRENERGIC ALPHA-1 RECEPTORS; and DOPAMINE RECEPTORS. It is an antipsychotic agent used in the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA; BIPOLAR DISORDER; and MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER; it may also reduce nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing chemotherapy.

Therapeutic Applications

Olanzapine is used to treat certain mental/mood conditions (such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder). It may also be used in combination with other medication to treat depression. This medication can help to decrease hallucinations and help you to think more clearly and positively about yourself, feel less agitated, and take a more active part in everyday life. Olanzapine belongs to a class of drugs called atypical antipsychotics. It works by helping to restore the balance of certain natural substances in the brain. Talk to the doctor about the risks and benefits of treatment (especially when used by teenagers). See also Precautions section.

Paroxetine Hcl

Generic Formulation: Paroxetine HclSpecialty: Nurse Practitioner
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 38
30-Day Fills 55.0
Days Supply 1,650
NY State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims28.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills49.5
Peer Average Days Supply1,458
Elevated Utilization

This provider maintains an active emphasis on this therapeutic option, recording 35.7% more claims than the standard regional baseline profile for NY. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $262.79 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$6.92

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$14.01

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Therapeutic Applications

Paroxetine is used to treat depression, panic attacks, anxiety disorders, and a severe form of premenstrual syndrome (premenstrual dysphoric disorder). It works by helping to restore the balance of a certain natural substance (serotonin) in the brain. Paroxetine is known as a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI). This medication may improve your mood, sleep, appetite, and energy level and may help restore your interest in daily living. It may decrease fear, anxiety, unwanted thoughts, and the number of panic attacks. Paroxetine may lessen premenstrual symptoms such as irritability, increased appetite, and depression.

Quetiapine Fumarate

Generic Formulation: Quetiapine FumarateSpecialty: Nurse Practitioner
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 598
30-Day Fills 672.0
Days Supply 20,115
NY State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims57.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills72.4
Peer Average Days Supply2,058
Highly Elevated Utilization

This provider exhibits a high preference for this treatment path, registering a volume 949.1% higher than the standard regional baseline profile for NY. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $7,199.83 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$12.04

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$33.24

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

A dibenzothiazepine and ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENT that targets the SEROTONIN 5-HT2 RECEPTOR; HISTAMINE H1 RECEPTOR, adrenergic alpha1 and alpha2 receptors, as well as the DOPAMINE D1 RECEPTOR and DOPAMINE D2 RECEPTOR. It is used in the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA; BIPOLAR DISORDER and DEPRESSIVE DISORDER.

Therapeutic Applications

This medication is used to treat certain mental/mood conditions (such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, sudden episodes of mania or depression associated with bipolar disorder). Quetiapine is known as an anti-psychotic drug (atypical type). It works by helping to restore the balance of certain natural substances (neurotransmitters) in the brain. This medication can decrease hallucinations and improve your concentration. It helps you to think more clearly and positively about yourself, feel less nervous, and take a more active part in everyday life. It may also improve your mood, sleep, appetite, and energy level. Quetiapine can help prevent severe mood swings or decrease how often mood swings occur.

Quetiapine Fumarate Er

Generic Formulation: Quetiapine FumarateSpecialty: Nurse Practitioner
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 43
30-Day Fills 49.5
Days Supply 1,485
NY State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims26.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills29.9
Peer Average Days Supply865
Highly Elevated Utilization

This provider exhibits a high preference for this treatment path, registering a volume 65.4% higher than the standard regional baseline profile for NY. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $2,892.36 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$67.26

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$135.90

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

A dibenzothiazepine and ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENT that targets the SEROTONIN 5-HT2 RECEPTOR; HISTAMINE H1 RECEPTOR, adrenergic alpha1 and alpha2 receptors, as well as the DOPAMINE D1 RECEPTOR and DOPAMINE D2 RECEPTOR. It is used in the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA; BIPOLAR DISORDER and DEPRESSIVE DISORDER.

Therapeutic Applications

This medication is used to treat certain mental/mood conditions (such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, sudden episodes of mania or depression associated with bipolar disorder). Quetiapine is known as an anti-psychotic drug (atypical type). It works by helping to restore the balance of certain natural substances (neurotransmitters) in the brain. This medication can decrease hallucinations and improve your concentration. It helps you to think more clearly and positively about yourself, feel less nervous, and take a more active part in everyday life. It may also improve your mood, sleep, appetite, and energy level. Quetiapine can help prevent severe mood swings or decrease how often mood swings occur.

Rexulti

Generic Formulation: BrexpiprazoleSpecialty: Nurse Practitioner
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 11
30-Day Fills 11.0
Days Supply 330
NY State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims30.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills33.1
Peer Average Days Supply964
Highly Conservative Utilization

This provider demonstrates a highly selective approach to this formula, recording 63.3% less volume than the regional standard for practitioners inside NY. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $16,567.64 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$1,506.15

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$1,527.27

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Therapeutic Applications

This medication is used to treat certain mental/mood disorders (such as schizophrenia, depression). Brexpiprazole helps you to think more clearly, feel less nervous, and take part in everyday life. It may also help to decrease hallucinations (hearing/seeing things that are not there). In addition, this medication may improve your mood, sleep, appetite, and energy level. Brexpiprazole is a psychiatric medication that belongs to the class of drugs called atypical antipsychotics. It works by helping to restore the balance of certain natural substances in the brain.

Risperidone

Generic Formulation: RisperidoneSpecialty: Nurse Practitioner
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 34
30-Day Fills 37.5
Days Supply 1,125
NY State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims55.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills62.2
Peer Average Days Supply1,744
Conservative Utilization

This provider writes prescriptions for this formulation 38.2% less frequently than the standard regional baseline metric for practitioners inside NY. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $177.53 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$5.22

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$14.84

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

A selective blocker of DOPAMINE D2 RECEPTORS and SEROTONIN 5-HT2 RECEPTORS that acts as an atypical antipsychotic agent. It has been shown to improve both positive and negative symptoms in the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA.

Therapeutic Applications

Risperidone is used to treat a certain mental/mood disorder called schizophrenia. This medication can decrease hallucinations, help you to think more clearly and positively about yourself, feel less agitated, and take a more active part in everyday life. Risperidone is an antipsychotic drug (atypical type). It works by helping to restore the balance of certain natural substances in the brain.

Sertraline Hcl

Generic Formulation: Sertraline HclSpecialty: Nurse Practitioner
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 136
30-Day Fills 148.0
Days Supply 4,425
NY State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims60.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills100.0
Peer Average Days Supply2,902
Highly Elevated Utilization

This provider exhibits a high preference for this treatment path, registering a volume 126.7% higher than the standard regional baseline profile for NY. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $753.05 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$5.54

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$10.20

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Therapeutic Applications

Sertraline is used to treat depression, panic attacks, obsessive compulsive disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, social anxiety disorder (social phobia), and a severe form of premenstrual syndrome (premenstrual dysphoric disorder). This medication may improve your mood, sleep, appetite, and energy level and may help restore your interest in daily living. It may decrease fear, anxiety, unwanted thoughts, and the number of panic attacks. It may also reduce the urge to perform repeated tasks (compulsions such as hand-washing, counting, and checking) that interfere with daily living. Sertraline is known as a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI). It works by helping to restore the balance of a certain natural substance (serotonin) in the brain.

Trazodone Hcl

Generic Formulation: Trazodone HclSpecialty: Nurse Practitioner
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 604
30-Day Fills 753.0
Days Supply 22,374
NY State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims54.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills78.7
Peer Average Days Supply2,290
Highly Elevated Utilization

This provider exhibits a high preference for this treatment path, registering a volume 1,018.5% higher than the standard regional baseline profile for NY. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $4,352.36 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$7.21

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$10.71

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Therapeutic Applications

This medication is used to treat depression. It may help to improve your mood, appetite, and energy level as well as decrease anxiety and insomnia related to depression. Trazodone works by helping to restore the balance of a certain natural chemical (serotonin) in the brain.

Trintellix

Generic Formulation: Vortioxetine HydrobromideSpecialty: Nurse Practitioner
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 58
30-Day Fills 73.0
Days Supply 2,190
NY State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims30.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills36.6
Peer Average Days Supply1,059
Highly Elevated Utilization

This provider exhibits a high preference for this treatment path, registering a volume 93.3% higher than the standard regional baseline profile for NY. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $37,365.18 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$644.23

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$556.59

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

A piperazine derivative that acts as a serotonin reuptake inhibitor, as a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, and 5-HT1A receptor agonist. It is used for the treatment of anxiety and depression.

Therapeutic Applications

This medication is used to treat depression. It works by helping to restore the balance of a certain natural substance (serotonin) in the brain. Vortioxetine is an SSRI (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor) and serotonin receptor modulator. This medication may improve your mood, sleep, appetite, and energy level and may help restore your interest in daily living.

Venlafaxine Hcl Er

Generic Formulation: Venlafaxine HclSpecialty: Nurse Practitioner
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 29
30-Day Fills 45.0
Days Supply 1,350
NY State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims35.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills58.2
Peer Average Days Supply1,709
Standard Average Utilization

This provider's prescribing patterns for this therapeutic formulation sit directly in line with standard baseline averages across NY. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $453.29 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$15.63

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$28.25

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Therapeutic Applications

Venlafaxine is used to treat depression, anxiety, panic attacks, and social anxiety disorder (social phobia). It may improve your mood and energy level and may help restore your interest in daily living. It may also decrease fear, anxiety, unwanted thoughts, and the number of panic attacks. Venlafaxine is known as a serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI). It works by helping to restore the balance of certain natural substances (serotonin and norepinephrine) in the brain.

Vilazodone Hcl

Generic Formulation: Vilazodone HclSpecialty: Nurse Practitioner
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 14
30-Day Fills 16.0
Days Supply 480
NY State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims20.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills25.0
Peer Average Days Supply729
Conservative Utilization

This provider writes prescriptions for this formulation 30.0% less frequently than the standard regional baseline metric for practitioners inside NY. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $2,710.30 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$193.59

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$164.04

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

A benzofuran, indole, and piperazine derivative that functions as a SEROTONIN UPTAKE INHIBITOR and partial SEROTONIN 5-HT1 RECEPTOR AGONIST. It is used as an ANTIDEPRESSIVE AGENT.

Therapeutic Applications

Vilazodone is used to treat depression. It is an SSRI (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor) and partial serotonin receptor agonist. It works by helping to restore the balance of certain natural substances in the brain (neurotransmitters such as serotonin). This medication may improve your mood, sleep, appetite, and energy level and may help restore your interest in daily living.

Vraylar

Generic Formulation: Cariprazine HclSpecialty: Nurse Practitioner
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 39
30-Day Fills 41.0
Days Supply 1,230
NY State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims29.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills30.7
Peer Average Days Supply870
Elevated Utilization

This provider maintains an active emphasis on this therapeutic option, recording 34.5% more claims than the standard regional baseline profile for NY. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $61,684.60 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$1,581.66

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$1,394.56

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Therapeutic Applications

Cariprazine is used to treat certain mental/mood disorders (such as bipolar disorder, bipolar depression, schizophrenia). Cariprazine belongs to a class of drugs known as atypical antipsychotics. It works by helping to restore the balance of certain natural substances in the brain. This medication can decrease hallucinations, help you to think more clearly and positively about yourself, feel less agitated, and take a more active part in everyday life.

Dataset Methodology & CMS Source Information

This analytical profile maps public infrastructure records sourced directly from official **Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS)** public data releases. The statistics above track documented pharmaceutical treatment trends assigned to beneficiaries specifically under federal public programs. Evaluating the prescriptive footprints of clinical practitioners like IDALMIS ESPINOSA PMHNP-BC provides transparency into local medical care patterns within New York, NY.

Key Learning Objectives for this Profile:

  • Prescribing Frequencies: Track and evaluate the volume metrics of specific brand-name and generic medical formulas chosen by this provider over time.
  • Clinical Focus Areas: Identify how the provider distributes therapeutic selections across medical care options to gain insight into their true day-to-day **Psychiatric/Mental Health** practice concentrations.
  • Program Cost Awareness: Review the calculated total systemic drug costs and raw transactional volumes linked to these orders to better anticipate network insurance coverage structures.
  • Patient-Centered Evaluation: Cross-reference localized regional care comparisons to align practitioner habits directly with your proactive health maintenance goals.

Data Scope Exclusion & Limitations: The data elements presented above explicitly reflect prescription orders processed for Medicare beneficiaries during the year 2023. This informational profile does not aggregate prescription data for individuals utilizing private commercial health plans, state Medicaid coverage, or self-pay options. However, because medical decision-making remains highly consistent across clinical settings, this public registry provides a reliable proxy for understanding the general prescribing preferences and pharmaceutical care approach used by this provider.