JAMES NESSELROAD
Prescription History 1164521928
Family Medicine in Galesburg, IL

NPI Status: Active since September 21, 2006

Contact Information

3375 N SEMINARY ST
GALESBURG, IL
ZIP 61401
Phone: (309) 343-5114
Fax: (309) 343-7859

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Prescription History for Informed Healthcare Decisions

Explore the verified Medicare Part D prescription history, volume metrics, and calculated drug costs for JAMES NESSELROAD, an active Family Medicine specialist practicing in Galesburg, IL. Our medical registry currently tracks 31 unique pharmaceutical formulations prescribed by this provider, representing an estimated volume of 552 documented patient claims. Among these therapy options, the most frequently utilized medication is Atorvastatin Calcium, which accounts for 48 claims alone.


Amiodarone Hcl

Generic Formulation: Amiodarone HclSpecialty: Family Practice
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 17
30-Day Fills 17.0
Days Supply 495
IL State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims39.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills78.8
Peer Average Days Supply2,265
Highly Conservative Utilization

This provider demonstrates a highly selective approach to this formula, recording 56.4% less volume than the regional standard for practitioners inside IL. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $307.21 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$18.07

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$29.91

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Therapeutic Applications

This medication is used to treat certain types of serious (possibly fatal) irregular heartbeat (such as recurrent ventricular fibrillation/tachycardia). It is used to restore normal heart rhythm and maintain a regular, steady heartbeat. Amiodarone is known as an anti-arrhythmic drug. It works by blocking certain electrical signals in the heart that can cause an irregular heartbeat.

Amlodipine Besylate

Generic Formulation: Amlodipine BesylateSpecialty: Family Practice
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 21
30-Day Fills 41.0
Days Supply 1,230
IL State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims136.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills327.2
Peer Average Days Supply9,665
Highly Conservative Utilization

This provider demonstrates a highly selective approach to this formula, recording 84.6% less volume than the regional standard for practitioners inside IL. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $207.87 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$9.90

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$8.25

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

A long-acting dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker. It is effective in the treatment of ANGINA PECTORIS and HYPERTENSION.

Therapeutic Applications

Amlodipine is used with or without other medications to treat high blood pressure. Lowering high blood pressure helps prevent strokes, heart attacks, and kidney problems. Amlodipine belongs to a class of drugs known as calcium channel blockers. It works by relaxing blood vessels so blood can flow more easily. Amlodipine is also used to prevent certain types of chest pain (angina). It may help to increase your ability to exercise and decrease the frequency of angina attacks. It should not be used to treat attacks of chest pain when they occur. Use other medications (such as sublingual nitroglycerin) to relieve attacks of chest pain as directed by your doctor.

Amoxicillin-Clavulanate Potass

Generic Formulation: Amoxicillin/Potassium ClavSpecialty: Family Practice
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 11
30-Day Fills 11.0
Days Supply 83
IL State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims23.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills24.0
Peer Average Days Supply216
Highly Conservative Utilization

This provider demonstrates a highly selective approach to this formula, recording 52.2% less volume than the regional standard for practitioners inside IL. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $229.70 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$20.88

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$12.67

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

A fixed-ratio combination of amoxicillin trihydrate and potassium clavulanate.

Therapeutic Applications

Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid is a combination penicillin-type antibiotic used to treat a wide variety of bacterial infections. It works by stopping the growth of bacteria. This antibiotic treats only bacterial infections. It will not work for viral infections (such as common cold, flu). Using any antibiotic when it is not needed can cause it to not work for future infections.

Atorvastatin Calcium

Generic Formulation: Atorvastatin CalciumSpecialty: Family Practice
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 48
30-Day Fills 62.2
Days Supply 1,775
IL State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims191.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills466.6
Peer Average Days Supply13,780
Highly Conservative Utilization

This provider demonstrates a highly selective approach to this formula, recording 74.9% less volume than the regional standard for practitioners inside IL. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $677.05 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$14.11

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$12.78

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

A pyrrole and heptanoic acid derivative, HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL-COA REDUCTASE INHIBITOR (statin), and ANTICHOLESTEREMIC AGENT that is used to reduce serum levels of LDL-CHOLESTEROL; APOLIPOPROTEIN B; and TRIGLYCERIDES. It is used to increase serum levels of HDL-CHOLESTEROL in the treatment of HYPERLIPIDEMIAS, and for the prevention of CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES in patients with multiple risk factors.

Therapeutic Applications

Atorvastatin is used along with a proper diet to help lower bad cholesterol and fats (such as LDL, triglycerides) and raise good cholesterol (HDL) in the blood. It belongs to a group of drugs known as statins. It works by reducing the amount of cholesterol made by the liver. Lowering bad cholesterol and triglycerides and raising good cholesterol decreases the risk of heart disease and helps prevent strokes and heart attacks. In addition to eating a proper diet (such as a low-cholesterol/low-fat diet), other lifestyle changes that may help this medication work better include exercising, losing weight if overweight, and stopping smoking. Consult your doctor for more details.

Azithromycin

Generic Formulation: AzithromycinSpecialty: Family Practice
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 14
30-Day Fills 21.1
Days Supply 363
IL State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims33.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills35.8
Peer Average Days Supply300
Highly Conservative Utilization

This provider demonstrates a highly selective approach to this formula, recording 57.6% less volume than the regional standard for practitioners inside IL. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $159.56 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$11.40

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$9.79

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

A semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic structurally related to ERYTHROMYCIN. It has been used in the treatment of Mycobacterium avium intracellulare infections, toxoplasmosis, and cryptosporidiosis.

Therapeutic Applications

This medication is used to treat certain eye infections. It is a macrolide antibiotic that works by stopping the growth of bacteria. This medication treats only bacterial eye infections. It will not work for other types of eye infections. Unnecessary use or misuse of any antibiotic can lead to its decreased effectiveness.

Bupropion Xl

Generic Formulation: Bupropion HclSpecialty: Family Practice
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 14
30-Day Fills 14.2
Days Supply 391
IL State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims36.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills67.9
Peer Average Days Supply1,998
Highly Conservative Utilization

This provider demonstrates a highly selective approach to this formula, recording 61.1% less volume than the regional standard for practitioners inside IL. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $602.63 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$43.05

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$41.37

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Therapeutic Applications

Bupropion is used to treat depression. It can improve your mood and feelings of well-being. It may work by helping to restore the balance of certain natural chemicals (neurotransmitters) in your brain.

Carbidopa-Levodopa

Generic Formulation: Carbidopa/LevodopaSpecialty: Family Practice
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 12
30-Day Fills 12.2
Days Supply 365
IL State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims63.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills111.6
Peer Average Days Supply3,121
Highly Conservative Utilization

This provider demonstrates a highly selective approach to this formula, recording 81.0% less volume than the regional standard for practitioners inside IL. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $712.69 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$59.39

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$50.94

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Therapeutic Applications

This combination medication is used to treat symptoms of Parkinson's disease or Parkinson-like symptoms (such as shakiness, stiffness, difficulty moving). Parkinson's disease is thought to be caused by too little of a naturally occurring substance (dopamine) in the brain. Levodopa changes into dopamine in the brain, helping to control movement. Carbidopa prevents the breakdown of levodopa in the bloodstream so more levodopa can enter the brain. Carbidopa can also reduce some of levodopa's side effects such as nausea and vomiting.

Carvedilol

Generic Formulation: CarvedilolSpecialty: Family Practice
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 13
30-Day Fills 29.0
Days Supply 807
IL State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims66.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills151.1
Peer Average Days Supply4,442
Highly Conservative Utilization

This provider demonstrates a highly selective approach to this formula, recording 80.3% less volume than the regional standard for practitioners inside IL. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $91.26 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$7.02

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$12.18

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

A carbazole and propanol derivative that acts as a non-cardioselective beta blocker and vasodilator. It has blocking activity for ALPHA 1 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS and, at higher doses, may function as a blocker of CALCIUM CHANNELS; it also has antioxidant properties. Carvedilol is used in the treatment of HYPERTENSION; ANGINA PECTORIS; and HEART FAILURE. It can also reduce the risk of death following MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.

Therapeutic Applications

Carvedilol is used to treat high blood pressure and heart failure. It is also used after a heart attack to improve the chance of survival if your heart is not pumping well. Lowering high blood pressure helps prevent strokes, heart attacks, and kidney problems. This drug works by blocking the action of certain natural substances in your body, such as epinephrine, on the heart and blood vessels. This effect lowers your heart rate, blood pressure, and strain on your heart. Carvedilol belongs to a class of drugs known as alpha and beta blockers.

Cefuroxime

Generic Formulation: Cefuroxime AxetilSpecialty: Family Practice
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 16
30-Day Fills 16.0
Days Supply 153
IL State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims28.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills28.5
Peer Average Days Supply253
Conservative Utilization

This provider writes prescriptions for this formulation 42.9% less frequently than the standard regional baseline metric for practitioners inside IL. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $233.87 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$14.62

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$26.57

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

A cephalosporin antibiotic.

Therapeutic Applications

Cefuroxime is used to treat a wide variety of bacterial infections. This medication is known as a cephalosporin antibiotic. It works by stopping the growth of bacteria. This antibiotic treats only bacterial infections. It will not work for viral infections (such as common cold, flu). Using any antibiotic when it is not needed can cause it to not work for future infections.

Clopidogrel

Generic Formulation: Clopidogrel BisulfateSpecialty: Family Practice
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 24
30-Day Fills 38.0
Days Supply 1,093
IL State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims60.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills137.7
Peer Average Days Supply4,047
Highly Conservative Utilization

This provider demonstrates a highly selective approach to this formula, recording 60.0% less volume than the regional standard for practitioners inside IL. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $382.80 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$15.95

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$15.68

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

A ticlopidine analog and platelet purinergic P2Y receptor antagonist that inhibits adenosine diphosphate-mediated PLATELET AGGREGATION. It is used to prevent THROMBOEMBOLISM in patients with ARTERIAL OCCLUSIVE DISEASES; MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; STROKE; or ATRIAL FIBRILLATION.

Therapeutic Applications

Clopidogrel is used to prevent heart attacks and strokes in persons with heart disease (recent heart attack), recent stroke, or blood circulation disease (peripheral vascular disease). It is also used with aspirin to treat new/worsening chest pain (new heart attack, unstable angina) and to keep blood vessels open and prevent blood clots after certain procedures (such as cardiac stent). Clopidogrel works by blocking platelets from sticking together and prevents them from forming harmful clots. It is an antiplatelet drug. It helps keep blood flowing smoothly in your body.

Eliquis

Generic Formulation: ApixabanSpecialty: Family Practice
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 17
30-Day Fills 24.0
Days Supply 544
IL State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims82.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills129.6
Peer Average Days Supply3,556
Highly Conservative Utilization

This provider demonstrates a highly selective approach to this formula, recording 79.3% less volume than the regional standard for practitioners inside IL. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $11,259.22 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$662.31

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$799.19

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Therapeutic Applications

Apixaban is used to prevent serious blood clots from forming due to a certain irregular heartbeat (atrial fibrillation) or after hip/knee replacement surgery. With atrial fibrillation, part of the heart does not beat the way it should. This can lead to blood clots forming, which can travel to other parts of your body (such as the lungs or legs) or increase your risk for stroke. In the United States, apixaban is also approved to treat certain types of blood clots (deep vein thrombosis-DVT, pulmonary embolus-PE) and to prevent them from forming again. Apixaban is an anticoagulant that works by blocking certain clotting proteins in your blood.

Famotidine

Generic Formulation: FamotidineSpecialty: Family Practice
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 12
30-Day Fills 12.2
Days Supply 365
IL State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims34.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills34.0
Peer Average Days Supply228
Highly Conservative Utilization

This provider demonstrates a highly selective approach to this formula, recording 64.7% less volume than the regional standard for practitioners inside IL. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $107.87 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$8.99

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$11.26

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

A competitive histamine H2-receptor antagonist. Its main pharmacodynamic effect is the inhibition of gastric secretion.

Therapeutic Applications

Famotidine is used to treat ulcers of the stomach and intestines and to prevent intestinal ulcers from coming back after they have healed. This medication is also used to treat certain stomach and throat (esophagus) problems (such as erosive esophagitis, gastroesophageal reflux disease-GERD, Zollinger-Ellison syndrome). It works by decreasing the amount of acid your stomach makes. It relieves symptoms such as cough that doesn't go away, stomach pain, heartburn, and difficulty swallowing. Famotidine belongs to a class of drugs known as H2 blockers. This medication is also available without a prescription. It is used to prevent and treat heartburn and other symptoms caused by too much acid in the stomach (acid indigestion). If you are taking this medication for self-treatment, it is important to read the manufacturer's package instructions carefully so you know when to consult your doctor or pharmacist.

Finasteride

Generic Formulation: FinasterideSpecialty: Family Practice
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 12
30-Day Fills 12.0
Days Supply 360
IL State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims55.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills130.8
Peer Average Days Supply3,850
Highly Conservative Utilization

This provider demonstrates a highly selective approach to this formula, recording 78.2% less volume than the regional standard for practitioners inside IL. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $221.10 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$18.43

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$17.29

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

An orally active 3-OXO-5-ALPHA-STEROID 4-DEHYDROGENASE inhibitor. It is used as a surgical alternative for treatment of benign PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA.

Therapeutic Applications

Finasteride is used to shrink an enlarged prostate (benign prostatic hyperplasia or BPH) in adult men. It may be used alone or taken in combination with other medications to reduce symptoms of BPH and may also reduce the need for surgery. Finasteride may improve symptoms of BPH and provide benefits such as decreased urge to urinate, better urine flow with less straining, less of a feeling that the bladder is not completely emptied, and decreased nighttime urination. This medication works by decreasing the amount of a natural body hormone (DHT) that causes growth of the prostate. Finasteride is not approved for prevention of prostate cancer. It may slightly increase the risk of developing a very serious form of prostate cancer. Talk to your doctor about the benefits and risks. Women and children should not use this medication.

Fluoxetine Hcl

Generic Formulation: Fluoxetine HclSpecialty: Family Practice
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 12
30-Day Fills 12.2
Days Supply 365
IL State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims39.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills73.6
Peer Average Days Supply2,149
Highly Conservative Utilization

This provider demonstrates a highly selective approach to this formula, recording 69.2% less volume than the regional standard for practitioners inside IL. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $60.40 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$5.03

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$15.63

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

The first highly specific serotonin uptake inhibitor. It is used as an antidepressant and often has a more acceptable side-effects profile than traditional antidepressants.

Therapeutic Applications

This long-acting form of fluoxetine is used to treat depression in people who have been successfully treated with the form of fluoxetine that is taken daily. Fluoxetine is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI). SSRIs work by helping to restore the balance of certain natural substances in the brain (neurotransmitters such as serotonin). Fluoxetine may decrease anxiety, improve your mood, sleep, appetite, and energy level and may help restore your interest in daily living.

Furosemide

Generic Formulation: FurosemideSpecialty: Family Practice
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 35
30-Day Fills 67.0
Days Supply 1,982
IL State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims88.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills170.8
Peer Average Days Supply4,861
Highly Conservative Utilization

This provider demonstrates a highly selective approach to this formula, recording 60.2% less volume than the regional standard for practitioners inside IL. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $234.15 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$6.69

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$6.59

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

A benzoic-sulfonamide-furan. It is a diuretic with fast onset and short duration that is used for EDEMA and chronic RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.

Therapeutic Applications

Furosemide is used to reduce extra fluid in the body (edema) caused by conditions such as heart failure, liver disease, and kidney disease. This can lessen symptoms such as shortness of breath and swelling in your arms, legs, and abdomen. This drug is also used to treat high blood pressure. Lowering high blood pressure helps prevent strokes, heart attacks, and kidney problems. Furosemide is a water pill (diuretic) that causes you to make more urine. This helps your body get rid of extra water and salt.

Hydrocodone-Acetaminophen

Generic Formulation: Hydrocodone/AcetaminophenSpecialty: Family Practice
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 16
30-Day Fills 16.0
Days Supply 67
IL State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims71.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills71.2
Peer Average Days Supply1,378
Highly Conservative Utilization

This provider demonstrates a highly selective approach to this formula, recording 77.5% less volume than the regional standard for practitioners inside IL. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $112.74 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$7.05

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$20.74

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Therapeutic Applications

This combination medication is used to relieve moderate to severe pain. It contains an opioid pain reliever (hydrocodone) and a non-opioid pain reliever (acetaminophen). Hydrocodone works in the brain to change how your body feels and responds to pain. Acetaminophen can also reduce a fever.

Ipratropium-Albuterol

Generic Formulation: Ipratropium/Albuterol SulfateSpecialty: Family Practice
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 15
30-Day Fills 15.0
Days Supply 105
IL State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims36.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills36.2
Peer Average Days Supply335
Highly Conservative Utilization

This provider demonstrates a highly selective approach to this formula, recording 58.3% less volume than the regional standard for practitioners inside IL. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $240.32 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$16.02

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$22.34

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Therapeutic Applications

This product is used to treat and prevent symptoms (wheezing and shortness of breath) caused by ongoing lung disease (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease-COPD, which includes bronchitis and emphysema). This product contains 2 medications: ipratropium and albuterol (also known as salbutamol). Both drugs work by relaxing the muscles around the airways so that the airways open up and you can breathe more easily. Controlling symptoms of breathing problems can decrease time lost from work or school.

Levothyroxine Sodium

Generic Formulation: Levothyroxine SodiumSpecialty: Family Practice
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 28
30-Day Fills 46.2
Days Supply 1,379
IL State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims145.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills333.7
Peer Average Days Supply9,765
Highly Conservative Utilization

This provider demonstrates a highly selective approach to this formula, recording 80.7% less volume than the regional standard for practitioners inside IL. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $432.20 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$15.44

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$16.39

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

The major hormone derived from the thyroid gland. Thyroxine is synthesized via the iodination of tyrosines (MONOIODOTYROSINE) and the coupling of iodotyrosines (DIIODOTYROSINE) in the THYROGLOBULIN. Thyroxine is released from thyroglobulin by proteolysis and secreted into the blood. Thyroxine is peripherally deiodinated to form TRIIODOTHYRONINE which exerts a broad spectrum of stimulatory effects on cell metabolism.

Therapeutic Applications

Levothyroxine is used to treat an underactive thyroid (hypothyroidism). It replaces or provides more thyroid hormone, which is normally produced by the thyroid gland. Low thyroid hormone levels can occur naturally or when the thyroid gland is injured by radiation/medications or removed by surgery. Having enough thyroid hormone is important for maintaining normal mental and physical activity. In children, having enough thyroid hormone is important for normal mental and physical development. This medication is also used to treat other types of thyroid disorders (such as thyroid cancer). This medication should not be used to treat infertility unless it is caused by low thyroid hormone levels.

Lisinopril

Generic Formulation: LisinoprilSpecialty: Family Practice
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 17
30-Day Fills 29.1
Days Supply 789
IL State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims117.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills286.2
Peer Average Days Supply8,464
Highly Conservative Utilization

This provider demonstrates a highly selective approach to this formula, recording 85.5% less volume than the regional standard for practitioners inside IL. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $100.72 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$5.92

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$8.29

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

One of the ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS (ACE inhibitors), orally active, that has been used in the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure.

Therapeutic Applications

Lisinopril is used to treat high blood pressure. Lowering high blood pressure helps prevent strokes, heart attacks, and kidney problems. It is also used to treat heart failure and to improve survival after a heart attack. Lisinopril belongs to a class of drugs known as ACE inhibitors. It works by relaxing blood vessels so blood can flow more easily.

Metoprolol Succinate

Generic Formulation: Metoprolol SuccinateSpecialty: Family Practice
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 12
30-Day Fills 20.0
Days Supply 589
IL State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims114.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills279.8
Peer Average Days Supply8,276
Highly Conservative Utilization

This provider demonstrates a highly selective approach to this formula, recording 89.5% less volume than the regional standard for practitioners inside IL. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $220.48 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$18.37

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$20.07

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

A selective adrenergic beta-1 blocking agent that is commonly used to treat ANGINA PECTORIS; HYPERTENSION; and CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS.

Therapeutic Applications

This medication is a beta-blocker used to treat chest pain (angina), heart failure, and high blood pressure. Lowering high blood pressure helps prevent strokes, heart attacks, and kidney problems. This drug works by blocking the action of certain natural chemicals in your body (such as epinephrine) that affect the heart and blood vessels. This lowers heart rate, blood pressure, and strain on the heart.

Midodrine Hcl

Generic Formulation: Midodrine HclSpecialty: Family Practice
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 18
30-Day Fills 18.1
Days Supply 504
IL State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims27.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills35.4
Peer Average Days Supply911
Conservative Utilization

This provider writes prescriptions for this formulation 33.3% less frequently than the standard regional baseline metric for practitioners inside IL. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $1,585.68 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$88.09

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$81.99

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Therapeutic Applications

This medication is used for certain patients who have symptoms of low blood pressure when standing. This condition is also known as orthostatic hypotension. Midodrine is used in people whose daily activities are severely affected by this condition, even after other treatments are used (such as support stockings). It is known as a sympathomimetic (alpha receptor agonist) that acts on the blood vessels to raise blood pressure.

Montelukast Sodium

Generic Formulation: Montelukast SodiumSpecialty: Family Practice
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 12
30-Day Fills 12.2
Days Supply 365
IL State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims54.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills121.5
Peer Average Days Supply3,592
Highly Conservative Utilization

This provider demonstrates a highly selective approach to this formula, recording 77.8% less volume than the regional standard for practitioners inside IL. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $206.47 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$17.21

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$17.93

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Therapeutic Applications

Montelukast is used to control and prevent symptoms caused by asthma (such as wheezing and shortness of breath). It is also used before exercise to prevent breathing problems during exercise (bronchospasm). This medication can help decrease the number of times you need to use your quick relief inhaler. Montelukast is also used to relieve symptoms of hay fever and allergic rhinitis (such as sneezing, stuffy/runny/itchy nose). Since there are other allergy medications that may be safer (see also Warning section), this medication should be used for this condition only when you cannot take other allergy medications or they do not work well. This medication must be used regularly to be effective. It does not work right away and should not be used to relieve sudden asthma attacks or breathing problems. If an asthma attack or sudden shortness of breath occurs, use your quick-relief inhaler as prescribed. This drug works by blocking certain natural substances (leukotrienes) that may cause or worsen asthma and allergies. It helps make breathing easier by reducing swelling (inflammation) in the airways.

Omeprazole

Generic Formulation: OmeprazoleSpecialty: Family Practice
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 18
30-Day Fills 30.2
Days Supply 905
IL State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims93.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills206.7
Peer Average Days Supply6,073
Highly Conservative Utilization

This provider demonstrates a highly selective approach to this formula, recording 80.6% less volume than the regional standard for practitioners inside IL. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $192.61 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$10.70

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$15.04

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

A 4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridyl, 5-methoxybenzimidazole derivative of timoprazole that is used in the therapy of STOMACH ULCERS and ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME. The drug inhibits an H(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE which is found in GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS.

Therapeutic Applications

Omeprazole is used to treat certain stomach and esophagus problems (such as acid reflux, ulcers). It works by decreasing the amount of acid your stomach makes. It relieves symptoms such as heartburn, difficulty swallowing, and cough. This medication helps heal acid damage to the stomach and esophagus, helps prevent ulcers, and may help prevent cancer of the esophagus. Omeprazole belongs to a class of drugs known as proton pump inhibitors (PPIs). If you are self-treating with this medication, over-the-counter omeprazole products are used to treat frequent heartburn (occurring 2 or more days a week). Since it may take 1 to 4 days to have full effect, these products do not relieve heartburn right away. For over-the-counter products, carefully read the package instructions to make sure the product is right for you. Check the ingredients on the label even if you have used the product before. The manufacturer may have changed the ingredients. Also, products with similar brand names may contain different ingredients meant for different purposes. Taking the wrong product could harm you.

Pantoprazole Sodium

Generic Formulation: Pantoprazole SodiumSpecialty: Family Practice
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 12
30-Day Fills 26.0
Days Supply 759
IL State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims76.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills159.5
Peer Average Days Supply4,666
Highly Conservative Utilization

This provider demonstrates a highly selective approach to this formula, recording 84.2% less volume than the regional standard for practitioners inside IL. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $115.13 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$9.59

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$17.54

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

2-pyridinylmethylsulfinylbenzimidazole proton pump inhibitor that is used in the treatment of GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX and PEPTIC ULCER.

Therapeutic Applications

Pantoprazole is used to treat certain stomach and esophagus problems (such as acid reflux). It works by decreasing the amount of acid your stomach makes. This medication relieves symptoms such as heartburn, difficulty swallowing, and cough. It helps heal acid damage to the stomach and esophagus, helps prevent ulcers, and may help prevent cancer of the esophagus. Pantoprazole belongs to a class of drugs known as proton pump inhibitors (PPIs).

Potassium Chloride

Generic Formulation: Potassium ChlorideSpecialty: Family Practice
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 19
30-Day Fills 25.0
Days Supply 709
IL State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims70.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills126.4
Peer Average Days Supply3,563
Highly Conservative Utilization

This provider demonstrates a highly selective approach to this formula, recording 72.9% less volume than the regional standard for practitioners inside IL. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $445.12 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$23.43

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$29.13

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

A white crystal or crystalline powder used in BUFFERS; FERTILIZERS; and EXPLOSIVES. It can be used to replenish ELECTROLYTES and restore WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE in treating HYPOKALEMIA.

Therapeutic Applications

This medication is a mineral supplement used to treat or prevent low amounts of potassium in the blood. A normal level of potassium in the blood is important. Potassium helps your cells, kidneys, heart, muscles, and nerves work properly. Most people get enough potassium by eating a well-balanced diet. Some conditions that can lower your body's potassium level include severe prolonged diarrhea and vomiting, hormone problems such as hyperaldosteronism, or treatment with water pills/diuretics.

Prednisone

Generic Formulation: PrednisoneSpecialty: Family Practice
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 41
30-Day Fills 43.7
Days Supply 533
IL State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims45.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills55.3
Peer Average Days Supply1,013
Standard Average Utilization

This provider's prescribing patterns for this therapeutic formulation sit directly in line with standard baseline averages across IL. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $185.84 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$4.53

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$6.07

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

A synthetic anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid derived from CORTISONE. It is biologically inert and converted to PREDNISOLONE in the liver.

Therapeutic Applications

Prednisone is used to treat conditions such as arthritis, blood disorders, breathing problems, severe allergies, skin diseases, cancer, eye problems, and immune system disorders. Prednisone belongs to a class of drugs known as corticosteroids. It decreases your immune system's response to various diseases to reduce symptoms such as swelling and allergic-type reactions.

Spironolactone

Generic Formulation: SpironolactoneSpecialty: Family Practice
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 14
30-Day Fills 34.0
Days Supply 1,020
IL State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims45.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills100.3
Peer Average Days Supply2,944
Highly Conservative Utilization

This provider demonstrates a highly selective approach to this formula, recording 68.9% less volume than the regional standard for practitioners inside IL. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $132.01 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$9.43

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$12.40

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

A potassium sparing diuretic that acts by antagonism of aldosterone in the distal renal tubules. It is used mainly in the treatment of refractory edema in patients with congestive heart failure, nephrotic syndrome, or hepatic cirrhosis. Its effects on the endocrine system are utilized in the treatments of hirsutism and acne but they can lead to adverse effects. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p827)

Therapeutic Applications

Spironolactone is used to treat high blood pressure and heart failure. Lowering high blood pressure helps prevent strokes, heart attacks, and kidney problems. It is also used to treat swelling (edema) caused by certain conditions (such as heart failure, liver disease) by removing excess fluid and improving symptoms such as breathing problems. This medication is also used to treat conditions in which the body is making too much of a natural substance (aldosterone). Spironolactone is known as a water pill (potassium-sparing diuretic).

Tamsulosin Hcl

Generic Formulation: Tamsulosin HclSpecialty: Family Practice
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 16
30-Day Fills 24.2
Days Supply 725
IL State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims85.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills190.9
Peer Average Days Supply5,605
Highly Conservative Utilization

This provider demonstrates a highly selective approach to this formula, recording 81.2% less volume than the regional standard for practitioners inside IL. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $248.81 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$15.55

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$20.18

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Therapeutic Applications

Tamsulosin is used by men to treat the symptoms of an enlarged prostate (benign prostatic hyperplasia-BPH). It does not shrink the prostate, but it works by relaxing the muscles in the prostate and the bladder. This helps to relieve symptoms of BPH such as difficulty in beginning the flow of urine, weak stream, and the need to urinate often or urgently (including during the middle of the night). Tamsulosin belongs to a class of drugs known as alpha blockers. Do not use this medication to treat high blood pressure.

Terbutaline Sulfate

Generic Formulation: Terbutaline SulfateSpecialty: Family Practice
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 12
30-Day Fills 12.2
Days Supply 365
IL State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims15.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills17.3
Peer Average Days Supply451
Standard Average Utilization

This provider's prescribing patterns for this therapeutic formulation sit directly in line with standard baseline averages across IL. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $3,335.88 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$277.99

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$370.99

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

A selective beta-2 adrenergic agonist used as a bronchodilator and tocolytic.

Therapeutic Applications

Terbutaline is used to treat wheezing and shortness of breath from lung problems (such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease-COPD, bronchitis, emphysema). Terbutaline belongs to a class of drugs known as bronchodilators. It works by relaxing the muscles around the airways so that they open up and you can breathe more easily.

Theophylline Er

Generic Formulation: Theophylline AnhydrousSpecialty: Family Practice
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 12
30-Day Fills 12.2
Days Supply 365
IL State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims14.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills21.1
Peer Average Days Supply606
Standard Average Utilization

This provider's prescribing patterns for this therapeutic formulation sit directly in line with standard baseline averages across IL. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $342.37 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$28.53

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$209.51

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Clinical Summary

A drug combination that contains THEOPHYLLINE and ethylenediamine. It is more soluble in water than theophylline but has similar pharmacologic actions. It's most common use is in bronchial asthma, but it has been investigated for several other applications.

Therapeutic Applications

Theophylline is used to treat lung diseases such as asthma and COPD (bronchitis, emphysema). It must be used regularly to prevent wheezing and shortness of breath. This medication belongs to a class of drugs known as xanthines. It works by relaxing the muscles around the airways so that they open up and you can breathe more easily. It also decreases the lungs' response to irritants. Controlling symptoms of breathing problems can decrease time lost from work or school. This medication must be used regularly to be effective. It does not work right away and should not be used to relieve sudden breathing problems. If sudden shortness of breath occurs, use your quick-relief inhaler as prescribed.

Ziprasidone Hcl

Generic Formulation: Ziprasidone HclSpecialty: Family Practice
Provider Metrics Summary
Total Claims 12
30-Day Fills 12.2
Days Supply 365
IL State Average Benchmarks
Peer Average Claims34.0
Peer Average 30-Day Fills42.0
Peer Average Days Supply1,199
Highly Conservative Utilization

This provider demonstrates a highly selective approach to this formula, recording 64.7% less volume than the regional standard for practitioners inside IL. Gross expenditures recorded under Medicare program tracking definitions for this provider calculate to an estimated aggregate of $2,193.14 across this reporting matrix range.

Provider Avg Cost Per Claim

$182.76

State Avg Cost Per Claim

$100.95

Note on Expenses: These indicators represent gross infrastructure resource tracking paid directly to supply pharmacy networks by Medicare Part D configurations. These calculations do not track individual patient insurance tier copays or out-of-pocket shelf prices at retail checkout lanes.

Therapeutic Applications

This medication is used to treat certain mental/mood disorders (schizophrenia, bipolar disorder). This medication can decrease hallucinations and help you to think more clearly and positively about yourself, feel less agitated, and take a more active part in everyday life. Ziprasidone belongs to a class of drugs called atypical antipsychotics. It works by helping to restore the balance of certain natural substances in the brain.

Dataset Methodology & CMS Source Information

This analytical profile maps public infrastructure records sourced directly from official **Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS)** public data releases. The statistics above track documented pharmaceutical treatment trends assigned to beneficiaries specifically under federal public programs. Evaluating the prescriptive footprints of clinical practitioners like JAMES NESSELROAD provides transparency into local medical care patterns within Galesburg, IL.

Key Learning Objectives for this Profile:

  • Prescribing Frequencies: Track and evaluate the volume metrics of specific brand-name and generic medical formulas chosen by this provider over time.
  • Clinical Focus Areas: Identify how the provider distributes therapeutic selections across medical care options to gain insight into their true day-to-day **Family Medicine** practice concentrations.
  • Program Cost Awareness: Review the calculated total systemic drug costs and raw transactional volumes linked to these orders to better anticipate network insurance coverage structures.
  • Patient-Centered Evaluation: Cross-reference localized regional care comparisons to align practitioner habits directly with your proactive health maintenance goals.

Data Scope Exclusion & Limitations: The data elements presented above explicitly reflect prescription orders processed for Medicare beneficiaries during the year 2023. This informational profile does not aggregate prescription data for individuals utilizing private commercial health plans, state Medicaid coverage, or self-pay options. However, because medical decision-making remains highly consistent across clinical settings, this public registry provides a reliable proxy for understanding the general prescribing preferences and pharmaceutical care approach used by this provider.